Skeleton Lab PDF

The skeleton 1  Skeleton ❖ About 206 bones (270 in babies) Region of Skeleton Number of Bones Axial skeleton (80 bones) Skull Cranium 8 Face...

The skeleton 1  Skeleton ❖ About 206 bones (270 in babies) Region of Skeleton Number of Bones Axial skeleton (80 bones) Skull Cranium 8 Face 14 Auditory ossicles (Maleus, Incus &Stapes) 6 Hyoid 1 Vertebrae (including sacrum and coccyx) 26 Sternum 1 Ribs 24 2 Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) Shoulder girdles Clavicle (Collar bone) 2 Scapula (Shoulder blade) 2 Upper extremities Humerus 2 Radius 2 Ulna 2 Carpals 16 Metacarpals 10 Phalanges 28 Pelvic girdle Hip bone 2 Lower extremities Femur 2 Patella (Knee cap) 2 Fibula 2 Tibia 2 Tarsals 14 Metatarsals 10 Phalanges 28 3 Classification of bones 4  Axial skeleton 5  Skull cap ❑ Shape: Flat ❑ Ossification: Membranous (Development) 6  Mandible ❑ Shape: Irregular ❑ Ossification: Mainly membranous (Development) 7  Rib ❑ Shape: Flat ❑ Ossification: cartilagenous (Development) 8  Sternum ❑ Shape: Flat 1 ❑ Ossification: Cartilaginous (Development) ❑ Parts: 1- Manubrium sternii 2 2- Body 3- Xiphoid process 3 9 Sacrum Vertebra ❑ Shape: Irregular ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) 10 Appendicular skeleton 11 Upper limb 12 13  Scapula ❑ Shape: Flat ❑ Ossification: Membranous (Development) Anterior Posterior 14  Clavicle ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Membranous (Development) Superior Inferior 15  Humerus ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Anterior Posterior 16 Forearm bones Radius17 Ulna  Radius ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Q: Medial or lateral? Anterior Posterior 18 Anterior Ulna ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Q: Medial or lateral? 19 Articulation of UL 20  Articulation of UL Shoulder joint Radio-ulnar joints Elbow joint Wrist joint 21 Lower limb (LL) 22  - Hip bone - Innominate bone - Pelvic bone ❑ Shape: Irregular ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Superior Inferior 23  Femur ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Anterior 24 Posterior  Tibia ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Q: Medial or lateral? Anterior 25  Fibula ❑ Shape: Long ❑ Ossification: Cartilagenous (Development) Q: Medial or lateral? 26 Foot ❑ Bones ❑ Shape 1- Tarsals Short 2- Metatarsals Short long 3- Phalanges Long Q: Type of the bones of the hand? 27  Articulation of LL Hip joint Knee joint Tibio-fibular joints Ankle joint 28  UL LL Tibia Fibula Radius Ulna 29 1- Long bones (2 ends & 1 shaft): as all bones of (Limbs) + Long = cLavicLe → carpals & tarsals ‫هشيل‬ 2- Short bones: as carpal & tarsal bones. (Sprain wrist & ankle) 3- Irregular bones: as (I) →Mandible ‫ شرطة فوق‬, hip bones ‫ & شرطة تحت‬vertebrae ‫مابينهم خط بالطول‬ 4- Sesamoid bones : small bones found in certain tendons as the patella. (Pea-shaped as Patella) Flat bones ‫ العضم الباقى‬as Skull cap ‫فوق‬ Sternum ‫ادام‬ Scapula ‫ورا‬ Ribs ‫مابينهم ع الجنب‬ ❖ Axial skeleton: (Ribs, sternum, vertebrae + hip bone): → cartilaginous ossification ❖ All long bone → cartilaginous ossification except (the double L) → CLavicLe (membranous 30 ossification) Flat bones Irregular bones 31 32 Thank you! 33