Skeletal Part 3 (2).ppsx

Skeletal Part 3 Continuation of the Appendicular Skeletal System Gross Anatomy of the muscles and identification of the muscles of the head and neck and the abdomen Objectives  Identify the bones of the pelvic limb  Discuss the gross anatomy of muscles  Discuss how they are named  Iden...

Skeletal Part 3 Continuation of the Appendicular Skeletal System Gross Anatomy of the muscles and identification of the muscles of the head and neck and the abdomen Objectives  Identify the bones of the pelvic limb  Discuss the gross anatomy of muscles  Discuss how they are named  Identify basic muscles of the head, neck and the abdomen Pelvic Limb  Directly connected to the axial skeleton   Sacroiliac joint Pelvic limb includes:  Pelvis  Femur  Tibia  Fibula  Tarsal bones  Metatarsal bones  Phalanges Tuber coxae Ilium Femur Ischial tuberosity Patella Fibula tibia Metatarsal Tarsus Phalanges Pelvis  Os coxae  During initial development it is 3 separate bones that eventually fuse into one structure  Two halves of the pelvis are joined by a cartilaginous joint called the pelvic symphysis  Joins the axial skeleton at the sacroiliac joints  Names or regions of the pelvis are  Ilium  Ischium  Pubis  3 bones come together to form the ball and socket hip joint   Acetabulum Large holes located on the other side of the pelvic symphysis are the obturator foramen  Primary function is to lighten the weight of the pelvis Coxofemoral Joint  Acetabulum  Femoral head Lumbar Vertebrae Ilium Sacrum Obturator foramen Pubis Ischium Femur    It’s a long bone Has the Ball part of the ball and socket joint Larger processes located laterally    Greater trochanter Distal end has two lateral condyles that articulate with the condyles at the proximal end of the tibia Trochlea is an articular groove which the patella rests  Largest sesamoid bone in the body Femur  Proximal end forms part of hip joint  Femoral head fits deeply into acetabulum of pelvis  Trochanters: processes where hip and thigh muscles attach Femur  Shaft extends downward to form the stifle joint with patella & tibia  Articular surfaces:  o 2 condyles o trochlea Trochlea: articular groove containing the patella What is the position of this femur/Right or left  Cranial/Right  Cranial/Left  Caudal/Right  Caudal/Right  Medial/Left  Lateral/Right Fabellae  Two small sesamoid bones located in the proximal gastrocnemius muscle tendon (calf)  Above and behind the femoral condyles of dog and cats Tibia  Main weight bearing bone of the lower leg  It forms the stifle joint with the femur  It forms the hock joint with the tarsus  Tibial tuberosity  Tibial crest  Medial malleolus Fibula  Thin  Parallels the tibia  Does not support any significant weight  Serves as a muscle attachment site  Forms the process-lateral malleolus Tarsal Bones     Tarsus/hock Two rows of short bones Proximal row is named  Tibial tarsus  Fibular tarsal  Calcaneal tuberosity  Central bone Distal row is numbered  Calcaneal Process  Calcaneus Metatarsal and Phalanges  Similar to the metacarpal and phalanges bones of the forelimb  Usually only have four digits  II-V What is the process at the proximal end of the ulna? A. Trochanter B. Malleous C. Acroneal D. Olecronan What is the non weight bearing bone of the hind limb? A. Femur B. Tarsus C. Fibula D. Tibia What is the largest sesamoid bone? A. Fabellae B. Greater trochanter C. Patella D. Pubis The Trochlea is the ______? A. Processes where hip and thigh muscles attach B. Articular groove found on the femur that the patella sits in C. Forms the hock joint with the tarsus D. Head fits deeply into acetabulum of pelvis This attaches the pelvis to the axial skeleton. A. Coxofemoral joint B. Sacraliliac joint C. Acetabulum D. Pubic symphysis Muscles  Well defined organs composed of groups of skeletal muscle cells  Fibrous connective tissue  Variety of shapes and sizes  Thick central portion is called the “belly”  They have two or more attachment sites    Attached to bones by tough fibrous connective tissue (tendon) Aponeuroses  Broad sheets of connective tissue  Most prominent is the linea alba Attachment sites  Origin  Insertion   Muscle Actions Muscles usually work in groups Produces desired movement or stabilization of the joint  Prime mover   Antagonist   Moves a group of muscles producing a specific movement Opposes the action of the prime mover Synergist  Assists the prime mover in its action Muscle Naming  Action  Shape  Location  Direction of fibers  Number of heads  Attachment sites Cutaneous muscles  Thin, broad, superficial muscles  Found in the fascia just beneath the skin  Little or no attachment to bones  Serves to twitching the skin Head and Neck  Function:  Control facial expression  Enable chewing  Move sensory structures  Support and move the neck Muscles of Head & Neck      Masseter muscle-closes jaw, chewing Splenius- extends& raises head Trapezius- extends& raises head Brachiocephalic - extends& raises head & pulls front leg forward Sternocephalic-flexes the head and neck Thoracic Limb Muscles  Superficial muscles of the shoulder region  Latissimus dorsi muscle - flexes the shoulder  Pectoral muscles one superficial and one deep; adduct the front leg  Deltoid muscle abducts and flexes the shoulder joint Thoracic Limb Muscles   Brachial muscles  Biceps brachii muscle - flexes the elbow joint  Triceps brachii muscle - extends the elbow joint Carpal and digital muscles  Extensor carpi radialis muscle extends the carpus  Deep digital flexor muscle - flexes the digit Abdominal Muscles    Supports the abdominal organs Helps flex the back Aid in straining and respiration Abdominal Muscles    Arranged in layers Running outside to the inside they are:  External abdominal oblique  Internal abdominal oblique  Rectus abdominis  Transverse abdominis Right and left sides joined together by the aponeuroses-linea alba Pelvic Limb Muscles  Gluteal muscles - extensor muscles of the hip  “Hamstring" muscle group extend the hip joint; main flexors of the stifle joint  Biceps femoris muscle  Semimembranosus muscle  Semitendinosus muscle  Quadriceps femoris muscle main extensor muscle of the stifle joint  Gastrocnemius muscle extensor muscle of the hock Muscles of Respiration Function  Increase and decrease the size of the thoracic cavity   Inspiratory muscles  Diaphragm  External intercostal muscles Expiratory muscles  Internal intercostal muscles  Abdominal muscles Review      What are the bones of the pelvic limb What are some of the distinguishing characteristics of the gross anatomy of muscles What is the terminology used to describe their movement and What characteristics of the muscle can be used in their name and help you identify them Identify the muscles of the neck and head and the abdomen