TEST #1 Study Guide - Biology Study Guide PDF

TEST #1 Study Guide The structural component (and control) of Biology TOPICS: Science, Classification, Chemistry, Organic Molecules, Cell, Membranes VOCABULARY: compound Scientific Hydrocarbon...

TEST #1 Study Guide The structural component (and control) of Biology TOPICS: Science, Classification, Chemistry, Organic Molecules, Cell, Membranes VOCABULARY: compound Scientific Hydrocarbon Cell method Element Functional Cytoplasm Hypothesis Atom group Organelle Prediction Neutron Monomer, Plasma Test Proton Polymer membrane Experiment Electron Nucleus Control group Orbital Sugar Nuclear Variable Energy level Carbohydrate membrane Atomic number Monosaccharide Nucleolus Classification Atomic mass Disaccharide Centrioles Kingdom Isotope Polysaccharide Golgi body Phylum Radioisotope Glucose, Endoplasmic Class Chemical Bond Fructose reticulum Order Ionic bond Lactose, (ER) Family Covalent bond Sucrose, SER=smooth Genus (genera) Octet rule Maltose RER=rough Species Hydrogen bond Starch, Ribosome Molecule Cellulose Mitochondria Prokaryote Chemical Lysosome Eukaryote compound Lipid Chloroplast Autotroph Ion Glycerol Vacuole Producer Polar Fatty acid Cytoskeleton Heterotroph Nonpolar Phospholipid Microtubules Consumer Hydrophilic Sterol Microfilaments Saprophyte Hydrophobic Wax Flagella, Cilia Parasite Cohesion Saturated Bacteria Multicellular Hydrogen ion Unsaturated Virus Unicellular Hydroxide ion pH scale Protein Semipermeable Eubacteria Acid, Base Amino acid Diffusion Archaebacteria Neutral Peptide bond Osmosis Protista Buffer Di / Polypeptide Concentration Fungi Salt 10, 20, 30, 40 gradient Plantae Structure Dynamic Animalia Organic Denaturation equilibrium Tonicity Hypertonic Active/ passive Endo/exocytosis Hypotonic Isotonic transport SCIENCE: Identify parts of scientific method Identify the control, variable. What is the purpose of the control? What are some important aspects and limitations of science? CLASSIFICATION: Know Six Kingdoms and Characteristics - be able to distinguish: Example: A multicellular Autotroph belongs to what Kingdom? A Deer belongs to which Kingdom? Order of Classification ranks: K P C O F G S Which rank is more inclusive, general? Specific? Know that the ranks are further subdivided: Form, Variety... Know how to form a scientific name: Binomial nomenclature (Developed by our favorite botanist Linnaeus) What is the definition of a Species? CHEMISTRY: Be able to use the periodic table of elements: Figure Number of Protons, Electrons, Neutrons Know the Mass and Charge of each subatomic particle Know most common elements (Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen) Understand information from a Bohr Diagram of the atom Which energy level fills with electrons first? How many electron at each level? (2, 8,...) Know three bonds: Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen Know water is Polar (electrons are shared UNEQUALLY) Properties: Cohesion, Capillary action, Surface tension Why does Soap work: Polar end and Nonpolar end pH = concentration of H+ (Hydrogen ions) Acid = H+ Donor Base = H+ Acceptor pH scale (1--14) Low pH = acidic, 7=neutral, High = Basic ORGANIC MOLECULES: Know Building blocks and function of all organic molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, (we will cover Nucleic Acids on another test, NOT this one) Know examples of Mono / di / polysaccharides What makes a lipid saturated vs unsaturated? Understand Polar vs Nonpolar Proteins: Understand 10, 20, 30, 40 Structure How is a protein denatured? CELL: Know some history on the microscope Compare Plant and Animal and Bacteria cells Know all Organelles and their functions Compare Prokaryote and Eukaryote MEMBRANES: Know the structure of the fluid mosaic model of a cell membrane and the functions of some membrane proteins From drawings of cell in solution, be able to identify Tonicity: Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic Predict what a cell might do in different solutions: explode, shrivel, stay same Know if different types of transport across the cell membrane require energy or a protein