Genetics (Lecture) PDF

# Genetics (Lecture) ## Adrian C. Quiambao ### Instructor # What is Genetic Engineering? ## Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an organism's genome, which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA. Changing the genome enables engineers to give d...

# Genetics (Lecture) ## Adrian C. Quiambao ### Instructor # What is Genetic Engineering? ## Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an organism's genome, which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA. Changing the genome enables engineers to give desirable properties to different organisms. # Steps in DNA Cloning ## STEPS IN DNA CLONING ### Isolate DNA of interest: - First we need to identify the genes or genes that we are interested in, the target DNA. ### Cut DNA with restriction endonucleases: ### Combine target and vector DNA: - After both types of DNA have been cleaved by the same restriction endonuclease, the two types of DNA are combined together with the addition of DNA ligase, an enzyme that repairs the covalent bonds on the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA. ## STEPS IN DNA CLONING - A vector is needed to transfer a gene into a host cell - Plasmids or viruses are vectors - A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA in a bacterium. # Recombinant DNA ## RECOMBINANT DNA The ability to combine the DNA of one organism with the DNA of another organism. # Recombinant Bacteria ## RECOMBINANT BACTERIA 1. Remove bacterial DNA (plasmid). 2. Cut the Bacterial DNA with "restriction enzymes". 3. Cut the DNA from another organism with "restriction enzymes". 4. Combine the cut pieces of DNA together with another enzyme and insert them into bacteria. 5. Reproduce the recombinant bacteria. 6. The foreign genes will be expressed in the bacteria. # Derivation of the EcoRI name | Abbreviation | Meaning | Description | |-------------|-----------------|---------------| | E | Escherichia | genus | | co | coli | species | | R | RY13 | strain | | I | First identified | order of identification in the bacterium |