Goniometry Measurements PDF

A goniometer: is an instrument that measures the available range of motion at a joint. Parts: Fulcrum (axis). Body: It is designed like a protractor and may form a full or a half-circle. It has a scale for the measurement of the angle. The scale can extend either from 0 to 180 degrees or 180 to 0 d...

A goniometer: is an instrument that measures the available range of motion at a joint. Parts: Fulcrum (axis). Body: It is designed like a protractor and may form a full or a half-circle. It has a scale for the measurement of the angle. The scale can extend either from 0 to 180 degrees or 180 to 0 degrees for half circle models or 0 to 360 degrees on full circle models. Stationary arm: aligned parallel and lateral to long axis of fixed body segment. Moving arm: aligned parallel and lateral to long axis of moving body segment.  Shoulder flexion-extension ROM: 0:90° Testing position: Patient is supine or sitting. Fulcrum: lateral to acromion. Stationary arm: parallel to trunk. Moving arm: parallel to midline of lateral humerus  Shoulder hyper extension ROM: 0:50° Testing position: Patient is prone /sitting. Fulcrum: lateral to acromion. Stationary arm: parallel to trunk. Moving arm: parallel to midline of lateral humerus  Shoulder abduction- adduction ROM: 90° Testing position: Patient is supine/ sitting. Fulcrum: anterior to acromion. Stationary arm: parallel to trunk. Moving arm: parallel to midline of anterior humerus.  Shoulder horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction ROM: 135° Testing position: Patient is sitting. Fulcrum: top of acromion. Stationary arm: parallel to ground. Moving arm: parallel to longitudinal axis of humerus.  Shoulder internal and external rotation ROM: 90° Testing position: Patient is supine or prone + shoulder 90 flexion + elbow 90 flexion Fulcrum: olecranon process Stationary arm: parallel or perpendicular to ground. Moving arm: parallel to ulna.  Elbow flexion – extension ROM: 145° - 160 Testing position: Patient is supine-sitting. Fulcrum: lateral epicondyle. Stationary arm: parallel to lateral humerus. Moving arm: parallel to lateral forearm  Forearm supination -pronation ROM: 90° Testing position: Patient is sitting+ elbow flexed 90+forearrn neutral. Fulcrum: tip of third nuclus. Stationary arm: parallel to ground. Moving arm: parallel to thumb.  Wrist flexion ROM: 0° to 80°. Testing position: Patient is sitting. Fulcrum: lateral wrist(triquetrum) -ulnar styloid. Stationary arm: parallel to forearm. Moving arm: parallel to lateral fifth metacarple.  Wrist extension ROM: 0° to 70°. Testing position: Patient is sitting. Fulcrum: lateral wrist(triquetrum)- ulnar styloid. Stationary arm: parallel to forearm. Moving arm: parallel to lateral fifth metacarple.  Wrist ulnar-radial deviation ROM: Testing position: Patient is sitting with forearm pronation+elbow flexion 90. Fulcrum: capitate. Stationary arm: parallel to midline of dorsal forearm. Moving arm: parallel to longitudinal axis of third metacarple.  Joints of the hand ROM: Metacarpophalangeal Metacarpophalangeal Joint Metacarpophalangeal Joint Interphalangeal Joint Joint Flexion Adduction Flexion Hyperextension Long and round measurement Long measurement: by tape measurement. Measure length- Used to detect discrepancy which affects cosmotic and function. Round measurement: by tape measurement. Measure contour- used to detect muscle atrophy or hypertrophy- joint swelling.  1-long measurement A- Whole ul length: b-Segmental : Arm length: from acromion to olecranon from acromion to radial styloid process – compare with other side. Forearm length: from head - Hand length: from styloid process of radius to radial styloid process. to tip of middle finger. 2-Round (girth) measurement: Forearm girth Wrist girth  CONVENTIONAL GRADING Numerals Letters Description Against gravity test: The patient is able to move through: The full available ROM against 5 N (normal) gravity and against maximal resistance. The full available ROM against gravity and against moderate 4 G (good) resistance. Greater than one half the available ROM against gravity and against 4 G- moderate resistance. Less than one half the available ROM against gravity and against 3+ F+ moderate resistance. 3 F (Fair) The full available ROM against gravity. 3- F- Greater than one half the available ROM against gravity. 2+ P+ Less than one half the available ROM against gravity. Gravity eliminated test: The patient is able to actively move through: 2 P (Poor) The full available ROM gravity eliminated. Greater than one half the available 2- P- ROM gravity eliminated. 1+ T+ Less than one half the available ROM gravity eliminated. None of the available ROM gravity eliminated and there is palpable or 1 T (Trace) observable flicker of a muscle contraction. None of the available ROM gravity eliminated and there is no 0 0 (zero) palpable or observable muscle contraction.