Human Anatomy: Joint Range of Motion
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Questions and Answers

What is a goniometer used for?

Measuring the available range of motion at a joint.

What is the range of motion for shoulder flexion-extension?

  • 0:180°
  • 0:135°
  • 0:50°
  • 0:90° (correct)

    • In which position should a patient be when measuring shoulder hyperextension?

  • Standing
  • Supine
  • Seated
  • Prone (correct)

    • What is the reported ROM for shoulder abduction-adduction?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the testing positions for elbow flexion-extension?

    <p>Supine/Sitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fulcrum location for measuring shoulder internal and external rotation?

    <p>Olecranon Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of motion for wrist flexion?

    <p>0° to 80°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the conventional grading numeral with its description:

    <p>5 = Normal: Full ROM against gravity and maximal resistance 4 = Good: Full ROM against gravity and moderate resistance 3 = Fair: Full ROM against gravity 2 = Poor: Less than half ROM against gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a long measurement detect?

    <p>Cosmetic Discrepancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goniometer?

    <p>An instrument that measures the available range of motion at a joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of a goniometer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shoulder flexion-extension ROM?

    <p>0:90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the testing position for shoulder hyperextension?

    <p>Patient is prone or sitting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shoulder abduction-adduction ROM?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ROM for shoulder internal and external rotation?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elbow flexion-extension ROM?

    <p>145° to 160°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the numbers in conventional grading represent?

    <p>They represent a patient’s ability to perform movements against gravity and resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goniometer can measure angles from 0 to 180 degrees.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stationary arm of the goniometer is aligned parallel and lateral to the ______ body segment.

    <p>fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of long measurement in goniometry?

    <p>To detect discrepancy which affects cosmetic and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does wrist flexion ROM measure?

    <p>0° to 80°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Goniometer

    • Measures the available range of motion at a joint.
    • Contains a fulcrum, body, stationary arm, and moving arm.
    • The body has a scale measuring 0 to 180 degrees for half-circle models or 0 to 360 degrees on full circle models.

    Shoulder Range of Motion

    • Flexion-extension: 0 to 90 degrees.
    • Hyperextension: 0 to 50 degrees.
    • Abduction-adduction: 90 degrees.
    • Horizontal abduction-adduction: 135 degrees.
    • Internal-external rotation: 90 degrees.

    Elbow Range of Motion

    • Flexion-extension: 145 to 160 degrees.

    Forearm Range of Motion

    • Supination-pronation: 90 degrees.

    Wrist Range of Motion

    • Flexion: 0 to 80 degrees.
    • Extension: 0 to 70 degrees.
    • Ulnar-radial deviation: Measured with the forearm in pronation and the elbow flexed at 90 degrees.

    Hand Range of Motion

    • Measured at the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and Interphalangeal (IP) joints.
    • MCP Joint:
      • Flexion: Measured.
      • Adduction: Measured.
    • IP Joint:
      • Flexion: Measured.
      • Hyperextension: Measured.

    Long and Round Measurement

    • Used for measuring length and contour of body segments.
    • Long measurements:
      • Whole ulna length: Measured from the acromion to the radial styloid process.
      • Arm length: Measured from the acromion to the olecranon process.
      • Forearm length: Measured from the head of radius to the radial styloid process.
      • Hand length: Measured from the styloid process to the tip of the middle finger.
    • Round measurements:
      • Forearm girth: Measured.
      • Wrist girth: Measured.

    Conventional Grading

    • Numeric and letter grades are used to assess strength.
    • Scores range from 5 (normal) to 0 (no movement).
    • Grade Letter Description
      5 N Full ROM against gravity and maximum resistance
      4 G Full ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
      4- G- Greater than half ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
      3+ F+ Less than half ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
      3 F Full ROM against gravity
      3- F- Greater than half ROM against gravity
      2+ P+ Less than half ROM against gravity

    Goniometry

    • Measures range of motion (ROM) at a joint
    • Consists of a fulcrum (axis), a protractor-like body with a scale (0-180° or 0-360°), a stationary arm, and a moving arm

    Shoulder ROM

    • Flexion-Extension:
      • 0-90°
      • Testing position: supine or sitting, fulcrum lateral to acromion, stationary arm parallel to trunk, moving arm parallel to humerus midline
    • Hyperextension:
      • 0-50°
      • Testing position: prone or sitting, fulcrum lateral to acromion, stationary arm parallel to trunk, moving arm parallel to humerus midline
    • Abduction-Adduction:
      • 90°
      • Testing position: supine or sitting, fulcrum anterior to acromion, stationary arm parallel to trunk, moving arm parallel to anterior humerus midline
    • Horizontal Abduction-Adduction:
      • 135°
      • Testing position: sitting, fulcrum top of acromion, stationary arm parallel to ground, moving arm parallel to humerus longitudinal axis
    • Internal-External Rotation:
      • 90°
      • Testing position: supine or prone with shoulder at 90° flexion and elbow at 90° flexion, fulcrum olecranon process, stationary arm parallel or perpendicular to ground, moving arm parallel to ulna

    Elbow ROM

    • Flexion-Extension:
      • 145-160°
      • Testing position: supine or sitting, fulcrum lateral epicondyle, stationary arm parallel to lateral humerus, moving arm parallel to lateral forearm

    Forearm ROM

    • Supination-Pronation:
      • 90°
      • Testing position: sitting with elbow flexed at 90° and forearm neutral, fulcrum tip of third nucleus, stationary arm parallel to ground, moving arm parallel to thumb

    Wrist ROM

    • Flexion:
      • 0-80°
      • Testing position: sitting, fulcrum lateral wrist (triquetrum) - ulnar styloid, stationary arm parallel to forearm, moving arm parallel to lateral fifth metacarpal
    • Extension:
      • 0-70°
      • Testing position: sitting, fulcrum lateral wrist (triquetrum) - ulnar styloid, stationary arm parallel to forearm, moving arm parallel to lateral fifth metacarpal
    • Ulnar-Radial Deviation:
      • Testing position: sitting with forearm pronation and elbow flexed at 90°, fulcrum capitate, stationary arm parallel to dorsal forearm midline, moving arm parallel to third metacarpal longitudinal axis

    Hand ROM

    • Metacarpophalangeal Joint:
      • Flexion:
      • Adduction:
      • Hyperextension:
    • Interphalangeal Joint:
      • Flexion:

    Long and Round Measurements

    • Long Measurement:
      • Uses tape measurement
      • Measures length
      • Detects discrepancies affecting function and aesthetics
      • Whole Ulna Length: Acromion to radial styloid
      • Segmental:
        • Arm Length: Acromion to olecranon process
        • Forearm Length: Head of radius to radial styloid process
        • Hand Length: Styloid process to tip of middle finger
    • Round (Girth) Measurement:
      • Uses tape measurement
      • Measures contour
      • Detects muscle atrophy or hypertrophy, as well as joint swelling
      • Forearm Girth:
      • Wrist Girth:

    Conventional Grading System

    • Against Gravity Test:
      • 5 (N, Normal): Full available ROM against gravity with maximal resistance
      • 4 (G, Good): Full available ROM against gravity with moderate resistance
      • 4- (G-, Good Minus): Greater than half available ROM against gravity with moderate resistance
      • 3+ (F+, Fair Plus): Less than half available ROM against gravity with moderate resistance
      • 3 (F, Fair): Full available ROM against gravity
      • 3- (F-, Fair Minus): Greater than half available ROM against gravity
      • 2+ (P+, Poor Plus): Less than half available ROM against gravity

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    Related Documents

    Goniometry Measurements PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the range of motion for various joints in the human body. This quiz covers the goniometer and specific degrees for shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand movements. Perfect for students studying anatomy or physical therapy.

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