Artificial Intelligence (AI) Concepts PDF

Artificial Intelligence(AI) section3 1) what is environment ? 2) types of environments, examples ? 3) what is PEAS, examples ? 4) list,tuple,set variable in python ? 1) What is environment? An environment in artificial intelligence is the surrounding...

Artificial Intelligence(AI) section3 1) what is environment ? 2) types of environments, examples ? 3) what is PEAS, examples ? 4) list,tuple,set variable in python ? 1) What is environment? An environment in artificial intelligence is the surrounding of the agent. The agent takes input from the environment through sensors and delivers the output to the environment through actuators. 2) Types of environments ,examples? There are several types of environments:  Fully Observable vs Partially Observable  Deterministic vs Stochastic  Competitive vs Collaborative  Single-agent vs Multi-agent  Static vs Dynamic  Discrete vs Continuous  Episodic vs Sequential 1. Fully Observable vs Partially Observable:-if an agent'sensor can sense the complete state of environment at each point of time then it is fully observable else partially observable. chess(fully),crosswords(fully),cards(partially),taxi-dri ver(partially). 2. Deterministic vs Stochastic:-if an agent's action and current state of environment can determine the next state of environment then called deterministic else environment is random and can't determine completely by agent action and current  state of environment ,aspects beyond the control of agent then is stochastic. chess(deterministic),taxi_driver(stochastic),cards(det erministic),vacuum-cleaner(deterministic). 3. Competitive vs Collaborative:-An agent is said to be in a competitive environment when it competes against another agent to optimize the output.The game of chess is competitive as the agents compete with each other to win the game which is the output.An agent is said to be in a collaborative environment when multiple agents cooperate to produce the desired output.When multiple self-driving cars are found on the roads, they cooperate with each other to avoid collisions and reach their destination which is the output desired. 4. Single-agent vs Multi-agent:- An environment consisting of only one agent is said to be a single-agent environment. An environment involving more than one agent is a multi-agent environment.  vacuum-cleaner(single agent),chess(multi agent),self-taxi driving(multi agent) 5. Static && Dynamic && semi-dynamic:-if the environment don't change while the agent is deliberating over what to do then is static else dynamic ,if the environment itself doesn't change with the passage of time but the agent's performance then is semi-dynamic.chess(static) poker(static),vacuum-cleaner(static),taxi- driver(dynamic),chess with clock(semi-dynamic). 6. discrete && continous:-if the environment provides a fixed number of percept,actions and environment state then is discrete else is continuous.taxi-driver(continuous),vacuum-cleaner(discr ete),chess(discrete),poker(discrete). 7. Episodic vs Sequential:-if the choice of current action depend on previous action,agent has to plan ,current choice will affect future actions then is sequential else episodic.chess(sequential),taxi-driver(sequential),image- analysis(episodic),part-picking-repot(episodic). 3) What is PEAS, examples ? The PEAS system delivers the performance measure with respect to the environment, actuators, and sensors of the respective agent. Most of the highest performing agents are Rational Agents.PEAS stands for a Performance measure, Environment, Actuator, Sensor.  p : performance measure.  E : environment.  A : actuators. S: sensors. 4) list variable in python ? - Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.these items may be the same type or different. - how to define list variable:- - nested list: list inside another list  - convert string to list:- - to access certain element in list:- -to modify an element in list:- -to delete an element :- del - to delete element but you don't know its index:-remove - to repeat list:- - to collect two list:- - length of list:- len - sum:- - min,max,sorted, - to add element to list:- - pop