Class 9 AI Study Material 2024-2025 PDF

 संदेश विद्यालयी विक्षा में िैवक्षक उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की सिोच्च िरीयता है । हमारे विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिं िैवक्षक नेतृत्व कताा वनरं तर उन्नवत हे तु प्रयासरत रहते हैं । राष्टरीय विक्षा नीवत 2020 के संदर्ा में योग्यता आधाररत अवधगम एिं म...

 संदेश विद्यालयी विक्षा में िैवक्षक उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की सिोच्च िरीयता है । हमारे विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिं िैवक्षक नेतृत्व कताा वनरं तर उन्नवत हे तु प्रयासरत रहते हैं । राष्टरीय विक्षा नीवत 2020 के संदर्ा में योग्यता आधाररत अवधगम एिं मूल्ां कन संबन्धित उद्दे श्ों को प्राप्त करना तर्था सीबीएसई के वदिा वनदे िों का पालन, ितामान में इस प्रयास को और र्ी चुनौतीपूर्ा बनाता है । केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन के पां चों आं चलिक लशक्षा एवं प्रलशक्षण संस्थान द्वारा संकवलत यह ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ इसी वदिा में एक आिश्क कदम है । यह सहायक सामग्री कक्षा 9 से 12 के विद्यावर्था यों के वलए सर्ी महत्वपूर्ा विषयों पर तै यार की गयी है । केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ अपनी गु र्ित्ता एिं परीक्षा संबंधी सामग्री-संकलन की वििेषज्ञता के वलए जानी जाती है और अन्य विक्षर् संस्र्थान र्ी इसका उपयोग परीक्षा संबंधी पठन सामग्री की तरह करते रहे हैं । िुर्-आिा एिं विश्वास है वक यह सहायक सामग्री विद्यावर्थायों की सहयोगी बनकर सतत मागा दिान करते हुए उन्हें सफलता के लक्ष्य तक पहुं चाएगी । िुर्ाकां क्षा सवहत । वनवध पां डे आयुक्त, केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन KVS ZIET MYSORE 2  TEAM COORDINATOR Mr. DAVINDER SINGH PRINCIPAL, PM SHRI KV CHAMARAJANAGARA, (BENGALURU) MR. DINESH KUMAR TA(PHYSICS), ZIET MYSORE EDITOR Mr. SRIKANTH GOUD PGT (Comp. Sc.), KV BIDAR (BENGALURU) REVIEWED BY Mr. SUNIL KUMAR C K PGT (Comp. Sc.), PM SHRI KV CHAMARAJANAGARA (BENGALURU) Designation Name of Teacher Name of KV Region Mr. PRATHISH C P PGT (Comp. Sc) K V PAYYANUR ERNAKULAM Mr. SHEMEER K A PGT (Comp. Sc) K V THRISSUR ERNAKULAM PGT (Comp. Sc) Ms. LATHA A RAMAKRISHNAN K V RAMAVARMAPURAM ERNAKULAM Ms. K VIMALA THOMAS PGT (Comp. Sc) K V INS DRONACHARYA ERNAKULAM Ms. RADHA MOHAN PGT (Comp. Sc) K V PATTOM (SHIFT I) ERNAKULAM Ms. SONAM DUTTA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV DRDO BENGALURU Ms. ANSHU JAIN PGT (Comp. Sc) KV HASSAN BENGALURU Mr. AMIT KUMAR GUPTA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV RWF YELHANKA BENGALURU Ms. LIJINA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV NO2 MANGALORE BENGALURU Mr. SUNIL KUMAR C K PGT (Comp. Sc) KV CHAMARAJNAGARA BENGALURU KVS ZIET MYSORE 3  Table of Content S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1 CURRICULUM 5-16 2 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 17-29 3 SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS 30-37 4 ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS 38-48 5 ICT SKILLS 49-58 6 GREEN SKILLS 59-65 7 AI REFLECTION, PROJECT CYCLE 66-84 AND ETHICS 8 DATA LITERACY 85-108 9 MATH FOR AI (STATISTICS & 109-119 PROBABILITY) 10 INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIVE AI 120-133 11 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON 134-147 12 SAMPLE PAPER 148-169 KVS ZIET MYSORE 4  CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR SESSION 2024-2025 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUB. CODE 417) CLASS – IX OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: The objective of this module/curriculum, which combines both Inspire and Acquire modules, is to develop a readiness for understanding and appreciating Artificial Intelligence and its application in our lives. This module/curriculum focuses on: 1. Helping learners understand the world of Artificial Intelligence and its applications through games, activities and multi-sensorial learning to become AI- Ready. 2. Introducing the learners to three domains of AI in an age-appropriate manner. 3. Allowing the learners to construct the meaning of AI through interactive participation and engaging hands-on activities. 4. Revisiting AI domains, project cycle and Ethics 5. Introducing the learners to the importance of Math for AI, data literacy and generative AI 6. Introducing the learners to programming skills - Basic python coding language. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Learners will be able to: 1. Identify and appreciate Artificial Intelligence and describe its applications in daily life. 2. Relate, apply and reflect on Human-Machine Interactions to identify and interact with the three domains of AI: Data, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing and Undergo assessment for analyzing their progress towards acquiring AI-Readiness skills. 3. Imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for a futuristic job opportunity. 4. Unleash their imagination towards smart homes and build an interactive story around it. 5. Understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Development Goals to develop responsible citizenship. 6. Research and develop awareness of the skills required for jobs in the future. 7. Gain awareness about AI bias and AI access and describe the potential ethical considerations of AI. KVS ZIET MYSORE 5  8. Develop effective communication and collaborative work skills. 9. Get familiar w i t h and motivated towards Artificial Intelligence and Identify the AI Project Cycle framework. 10. Learn problem scoping and ways to set goals for an AI project and understand the iterative nature of problem scoping in the AI project cycle. 11. Brainstorm on the ethical issues involved around the problem selected. 12. Foresee the kind of data required and the kind of analysis to be done, identify data requirements and find reliable sources to obtain relevant data. 13. Use various types of graphs to visualize the acquired data. 14. Understand the types of modeling. 15. Understand the importance of Math for AI. 16. Learn the concept of data literacy and generative AI 17. Acquire introductory Python programming skills in a very user-friendly format. SKILLS TO BE DEVELOPED: SCHEME OF STUDIES: This course is a planned sequence of instructions consisting of units meant for developing the employability and vocational competencies of students of Class IX opting for skill subjects along with other education subjects. The unit-wise distribution of hours and marks for classes IX & X is as follows: KVS ZIET MYSORE 6  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUBJECT CODE 417) CLASS – IX (SESSION 2024-2025) Total Marks: 100 (Theory-50 + Practical-50) NO. OF HOURS MAX. MARKS UNITS for Theory and for Theory and Practical Practical Employability Skills Unit 1: Communication Skills-I 10 2 PART A Unit 2: Self-Management Skills-I 10 2 Unit 3: ICT Skills-I 10 2 Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-I 15 2 Unit 5: Green Skills-I 05 2 Total 50 10 Subject Specific Skills Theory Practical Unit 1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics 30 25 10 PART B Unit 2: Data Literacy 22 28 10 Unit 3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability) 12 13 07 Unit 4: Introduction to Generative AI 08 12 05 Unit 5: Introduction to Python 01 09 08 Total 160 40 Practical Work Unit 5: Introduction to Python 15 Practical File (minimum 15 programs) Practical Examination Simple programs using input and output PART C function Variables, Arithmetic Operators, 15 Expressions, Data Types Flow of control and conditions Lists * Any 3 programs based on the above topics Viva Voce 5 Total 35 PART D Project Work / Field Visit / Student Portfolio 15 * relate it to Sustainable Development Goals Total 15 KVS ZIET MYSORE 7  GRAND TOTAL 210 100 DETAILED CURRICULUM/TOPICS FOR CLASS IX: PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS S. No. Units Duration in Hours 1. Unit 1: Communication Skills-I 10 2. Unit 2: Self-management Skills-I 10 3. Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology Skills-I 10 4. Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-I 15 5. Unit 5: Green Skills-I 05 TOTAL 50 NOTE: Detailed curriculum/ topics to be covered under Part A: Employability Skills can be downloaded from CBSE website. PART-B – SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS ❖ Unit 1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics ❖ Unit 2: Data Literacy ❖ Unit 3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability) ❖ Unit 4: Introduction to Generative AI ❖ Unit 5: Introduction to Python UNIT 1: AI REFLECTION, PROJECT CYCLE AND ETHICS SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL AI To identify and appreciate Session: Introduction to AI and setting up the Reflection Artificial Intelligence and context of the curriculum describe its applications in daily life. Recommended Activity: Make a statement about lighting and LUIS will interpret and adjust the house accordingly https://aidemos.microsoft.com/luis/demo KVS ZIET MYSORE 8  To recognize, engage and Recommended Activity: The AI Game relate with the three realms of Learners to participate in three games based AI: , Computer Vision, Data on different AI domains. Statistics and Natural − Game 1: Rock, Paper and Scissors (based Language Processing. on data) https://next.rockpaperscissors.ai/ − Game 2: Semantris (based on Natural Language Processing - NLP) https://research.google.com/semantris/ − Game 3: Quick Draw (based on Computer Vision - CV) https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/ SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL AI Identify the AI Project Cycle Session: Introduction to AI Project Cycle PROJECT framework. Problem Scoping CYCLE Data Acquisition Data Exploration Modeling Evaluation Deployment Learn problem scoping and Session: Problem Scoping ways to set goals for an AI Activity: Brainstorm around the theme provided project. and set a goal for the AI project. Discuss various topics within the given theme and select one. Fill in the 4Ws problem canvas and a problem statement to learn more about the problem identified in the community/ society List down/ Draw a mind map of problems related to the selected topic and choose one problem to be the goal for the project. Identify stakeholders involved Activity: To set actions around the goal. in the problem scoped. List down the stakeholders involved in the Brainstorm on the ethical problem. issues involved around the Search on the current actions taken to solve problem selected. this problem. Think around the ethics involved in the goal of your project. Understand the iterative nature Activity: Data and Analysis of problem scoping for in the AI What are the data features needed? project cycle. How will the features collected affect the Foresee the kind of data problem? required and the kind of Where can you get the data? analysis to be done. How frequent do you have to collect the data? What happens if you don’t have enough data? What kind of analysis needs to be done? How will it be validated? How does the analysis inform the action? KVS ZIET MYSORE 9  Share what the students have Presentation: Presenting the goal, actions and discussed so far. data. Teamwork Activity: Brainstorming solutions for the problem statement. Identify data requirements and Session: Data Acquisition find reliable sources to obtain Activity: Introduction to data and its types. relevant data. Students work around the scenarios given to them and think of ways to acquire data. Activity: Data Features Identifying the possible data features affecting the problem. Activity: System Maps Creating system maps considering data features identified. KVS ZIET MYSORE 10 SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL To understand the purpose of Session: Data Exploration/ Data Visualisation Data Visualisation Need of visualising data Ways to visualise data using various types of graphical tools. Quiz Time Use various types of graphs to Recommended Activities: Let’s use Graphical visualise acquired data. Tools Selecting an appropriate graphical format and presenting the graph sketched. Understanding graphs using https://datavizcatalogue.com/ Listing of newly learnt data visualization techniques. Top 10 Song Prediction: Identify the data features, collect the data and convert into graphical representation. Collect and store data in a spreadsheet and create some graphical representations to understand the data effectively. Understand modeling (Rule- Session: Modeling based & Learning-based) Introduction to modeling and types of models (Rule-based & Learning-based) Understand various evaluation Session: Evaluation techniques. Learners will understand about new terms True Positive False Positive True Negative False Negative Challenge students to think Session: Deployment about how they can apply their Recommended Case Study: Preventable knowledge of deployment in Blindness. future AI projects and Activity: Implementation of AI project cycle to encourage them to continue develop an AI Model for Personalized exploring different deployment Education. methods. To understand and reflect on Session: Ethics the ethical issues around AI. Video Session: Discussing about AI Ethics Recommended Activity: Ethics Awareness Students play the role of major stakeholders, and they have to decide what is ethical and what is not for a given scenario. Students to explore Moral Machine (https://www.moralmachine.net/ ) to understand more about the impact of ethical concerns To gain awareness around AI Session: AI Bias and AI Access bias and AI access. Discussing about the possible bias in data collection Discussing about the implications of AI technology KVS ZIET MYSORE 11 SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL To let the students analyse the Recommended Activity: Balloon Debate advantages and disadvantages Students divide in teams of 3 and 2 teams are of Artificial Intelligence. given same theme. One team goes in affirmation to AI for their section while the other one goes against it. They have to come up with their points as to why AI is beneficial/ harmful for the society. UNIT 2: DATA LITERACY: SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL Basics of Define data literacy and Session: Basics of data literacy data literacy recognize its importance Introduction to Data Literacy Understand how data literacy Impact of data Literacy enables informed decision- How to become Data Literate? making and critical thinking What are data security and privacy? Apply the Data Literacy Process How are they related to AI? Framework to analyze and Best Practices for Cyber Security interpret data effectively Recommended Activity: Impact of News Differentiate between Data Articles Privacy and Security Reference Videos: Identify potential risks associated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v with data breaches and =yhO_t-c3yJY unauthorized access. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v Learn measures to protect data =aO858HyFbKI privacy and enhance data https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/ security documents/Cyber%20Safety.pdf Acquiring Determine the best methods to Session: Acquiring Data, Processing, and Data, acquire data. Interpreting Data Processing, Classify different types of data and Types of data and enlist different methodologies to Data Acquisition/Acquiring Data Interpreting acquire it. Best Practices for Acquiring Data Data Define and describe data Features of data and Data interpretation. Preprocessing Enlist and explain the different Data Processing and Data methods of data interpretation. Interpretation Recognize the types of data Types of Data Interpretation interpretation. Importance of Data Interpretation Realize the importance of data Recommended Activities: interpretation Trend analysis Visualize and Interpret Data KVS ZIET MYSORE 12 Project Recognize the importance of data Session: Project Interactive Data Interactive visualization Dashboard & Presentation Data Discover different methods of Data visualization Using Tableau Dashboard & data visualization Reference Links Presentation https://public.tableau.com/en- us/s/download https://www.datawrapper.de/ Video Links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NL CzpPRCc7U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M 8BnosAD78 UNIT 3: MATH FOR AI (Statistics & Probability) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL Importance Analyzing the data in the form Session: Importance of Math for AI of Math for of numbers/images and find the Finding Patterns in Numbers and images. AI relation/pattern between the Uses of Math - them. ○ Statistics Use of Math in AI. ○ Linear Algebra ○ Probability ○ Calculus Number Patterns Activity: Picture Analogy observe the number pattern and find the missing number. To find connections between sets of images and use that to solve problems, Statistics Understand the concept of Session : Statistics in real life. Definition of Statistics Applications ○ Disaster Management ○ Sports ○ Diseases Prediction ○ Weather Forecast Application in various real life Activity: Uses of Statistics in daily life scenarios Students will explore the applications of statistics in real life.They collect data and can apply various statistical measures to analyze the data. Activity:Car Spotting and Tabulating Purpose:To implement the concept of data collection , analysis and interpretation. Activity Introduction: In this activity, Students will be engaged in data collection and tabulation. Data collection plays a key role in Artificial Intelligence as it forms the basis of statistics and interpretation by AI. This activity will also require students to answer a set of questions based on the recorded data. KVS ZIET MYSORE 13 Probability Understand the concept of Session: Introduction to Probability Probability in real life and How to calculate the probability of an event explore various types of events. Types of events understand the concept of Probability using a relatable example. Exercise: Identify the type of event. Application in various real life Session : Applications of Probability scenarios Sports Weather Forecast Traffic Estimation Exercise: Revision time UNIT 4: INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIVE AI: LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL Recommended Activity: Students will be able to define Generative AI & classify Activity: Guess the Real Image vs. the AI-generated image different kinds. Session: Students will be able to Introduction to Generative AI explain how Generative AI Generative AI vs Conventional AI works and recognize how it Session: learns. Types of Generative AI Examples of Generative AI Session: Benefits of using Generative AI Limitations of using Generative AI Recommended Activities: Hands-on Activity: GAN Paint Applying Generative AI tools to create content. Generative AI tools Understanding the ethical considerations of using Session: Generative AI. Ethical considerations of using Generative AI UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON: LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL Learn basic programming skills Recommended Activity: through gamified platforms. Introduction to programming using Online Gaming portals like Code Combat. Acquire introductory Python Session: programming skills in a very Introduction to Python language user-friendly format. Introducing python programming and its applications KVS ZIET MYSORE 14  Theory + Practical: Python Basics Students go through lessons on Python Basics (Variables, Arithmetic Operators, Expressions, Comparison Operators, logical operators, Assignment Operators, Data Types - integer, float, strings, type conversion, using print() and input() functions) Students will try some simple problem-solving exercises on Python Compiler. Practical: Flow of control and conditions 1. Students go through lessons on conditional and iterative statements (if, for and while) 2. Students will try some basic problem-solving exercises using conditional and iterative statements on Python Compiler. Practical: Python Lists 3. Students go through lessons on Python Lists (Simple operations using list) 4. Students will try some basic problem-solving exercises using lists on Python Compiler. PART-C: PRACTICAL WORK UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON: Suggested Program List PRINT To print personal information like Name, Father’s Name, Class, School Name. To print the following patterns using multiple print commands- To find square of number 7 To find the sum of two numbers 15 and 20. To convert length given in kilometers into meters. To print the table of 5 up to five terms. To calculate Simple Interest if the principle_amount = 2000 rate_of_interest = 4.5 time = 10 INPUT To calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle To calculate Area of a triangle with Base and Height To calculating average marks of 3 subjects To calculate discounted amount with discount % To calculate Surface Area and Volume of a Cuboid KVS ZIET MYSORE 15  Create a list in Python of children selected for science quiz with following names- LIST Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence- ○ Print the whole list ○ Delete the name “Vikram” from the list ○ Add the name “Jay” at the end ○ Remove the item which is at the second position. Create a list num=[23,12,5,9,65,44] ○ print the length of the list ○ print the elements from second to fourth position using positive indexing ○ print the elements from position third to fifth using negative indexing Create a list of first 10 even numbers, add 1 to each list item and print the final list. Create a list List_1=[10,20,30,40]. Add the elements [14,15,12] using extend function. Now sort the final list in ascending order and print it. Program to check if a person can vote IF, To check the grade of a student FOR, Input a number and check if the number is positive, negative or zero and display an WHILE appropriate message To print first 10 natural numbers To print first 10 even numbers To print odd numbers from 1 to n To print sum of first 10 natural numbers Program to find the sum of all numbers stored in a list KVS ZIET MYSORE 16  PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS UNIT-1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS ⮚ Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and write properly. ⮚ One should have the ability to listen carefully, write and speak clearly in any situation. ⮚ Listening, Speaking Reading and Writing skills are essential for effective communication. ⮚ The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’. ⮚ Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving. ⮚ Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information. ⮚ Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information. (Repetition) Elements of communication Sender: Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving (Fig. 1.2). Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information. Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information. Message: The subject matter of communication is termed as messages. It includes ideas, feelings, suggestions, order, etc., which a sender wants to convey to the receiver. Encoding: The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be understood by the receiver. It includes words, pictures, body language gestures, symbols, etc. Encoding translates the internal thought of the sender into a language which can be understandable. Channel: The path, channel or medium through which encoded message is transmitted to the receiver is known as media. It is the carrier of the message. It can be in written form, face to face, through telephone, letter, internet, etc. Decoding: The process of translating the encoded message into an effective language, which can be understood by the receiver is known as decoding. In this, the encoded symbols of the sender are converted. KVS ZIET MYSORE 17 Receiver: The person who receives the message of the sender is known as the receiver. E.g., Students are receivers in the classroom. Factors affecting perspectives in communication Sometimes, we are not able to communicate clearly because of barriers that stop us from sharing and understanding messages. Some of these are Factor How the factor can become a barrier In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar language and lack of detail, language can act as a barrier to communicate what one wishes to convey. For example, language can act as a Language barrier when an Indian who only knows Hindi and a Chinese who has the knowledge of Mandarin only wants to interact with each other. Visual perception is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes. For Visual perception example, completing partially drawn pictures with visual perception whereas they may be something else. Letting our earlier experience stop us from understanding or communicating clearly. For example, “This shopkeeper cheated me last Past experiences time. Let me be careful or “I scored low marks in my Maths exam, so I am scared to ask and answer questions in class.” Fixed ideas, such as thinking “No one in my Prejudices class likes me. Our feelings and emotions, such as lack of interest or not trusting the other person affect Feelings communication. For example “I am not feeling well, therefore, I don’t want to talk.” Noise or disturbance in the surroundings may make communication difficult. Example, Environment talking to a friend in a function where there is loud music being played by the orchestra. KVS ZIET MYSORE 18  Personal factors include your own feelings, habits and ways of thinking. For example, Personal Factors fear, and low confidence may make communication difficult. Signs’ which have a different meaning in different cultures, such as showing a thumb Culture may mean ‘good job’ done for some people but may be insulting to others. Basic principles of professional communication skills. These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs, i.e., Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete and Courteous. Different Methods of Communication There are different methods of communication, which include non-verbal, verbal and visual. ❖ Verbal Communication ✔ Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. ✔ It is what most people use as a method of communication. Type of Verbal Communication Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves talking Examples: ⮚ Face-to-face conversation ⮚ Talking on a phone ⮚ Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches Written Communication: Communication which involves written or typed words. Examples: Writing letters, notes, email, etc KVS ZIET MYSORE 19  Advantages of verbal communication ✔ Verbal communication is easy and quick ✔ Effectively convey the message ✔ Fastest mode of Communication ✔ Useful for illiterates Disadvantages: ✔ Less creative ✔ Require attention throughout ✔ Increases the chance of mistakes Non-Verbal Communication ✔ Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without using any words ✔ Non-verbal communication makes our message stronger. ✔ Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message more effective. ✔ Knowing non-verbal communication helps us understand our audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication accordingly. Types of Non-verbal communications Type What it implies How to make use of non-verbal communication effectively? A facial expression, many a Keep your face relaxed time, shows the feelings of a Try to match your expression person. with what you are saying Facial Expression For example, when we are If you agree with something, happy, we express it through a you may nod while listening, smile or when we are sad we which indicates that it has show a gloomy face. your assent Postures are positions of the body. They show our Keep your upper body relaxed confidence and feelings. and, shoulders straight For example, straight Sit straight, rest hands and Posture body posture is seen as feet in relaxed position confidence. Holding your Keep hands by your sides head may be taken as while standing tiredness. KVS ZIET MYSORE 20  Gestures describe movements of parts of the Avoid pointing at people with body, especially hands or your finger head, to express an idea Instead of keeping your hands or meaning. This includes Gestures or in pocket while talking, try to waving, pointing and using Body Language keep your hands on the sides our hands while speaking. Bend your head a little while For example, raising a talking or listening to show hand may mean asking a that you are paying attention. question. Biting nails show nervousness. We communicate a great deal through our touch, Shake hands firmly such as shaking hands and Avoid other touch gestures, patting on the back. For such as stroking your hair, Touch example, a firm handshake scratching your nose, tugging shows confidence. Sports on your clothes, etc., during coaches pat on the back of communication. the players to encourage the players. Maintain proper space’ The space between depending on the relationship, two persons while which could be formal or Space communicating, generally informal or the closeness with depends on the intimacy or the person with whom you are closeness between them. talking Maintaining an eye contact Look at the person who is with the person you are speaking talking, indicates interest, Eye Contact Keep a relaxed, pleasant look whereas, looking away can Break the look every few make the other person feel seconds ignored. KVS ZIET MYSORE 21  Paralanguage is the tone of our voice, speed and volume that makes a difference in the meaning Use a proper tone and volume of the communication. while speaking Paralanguage Speaking too fast may show Maintain a moderate rate excitement or nervousness. (speed) of talking Speaking too slow may show seriousness, sadness or making a point. Visual communication Another important method of communication is visual communication, which involves sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of this type of communication is that you do not need to know any particular language for understanding it. Examples of Visual Communication ✔ Traffic symbol which communicates not to blow horn ✔ Sign for ladies and gents toilet ✔ Sign for flammable substances Writing Skills ✔ Writing skills include all the knowledge and abilities related to expressing ourselves through the written word. ✔ It is a sound understanding of language through grammar, spelling and punctuation. ✔ People with excellent writing skills can tailor their tone and word choice to different situations and people Punctuation It is a set of marks, such as the full stop and the comma, which help us separate parts of a sentence and explain its meaning. Basic parts of speech The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within a sentence. There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language. noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, KVS ZIET MYSORE 22  conjunction interjection. ⮚ Nouns are words that refer to a person, place, thing or idea. These are ‘naming words.’ ⮚ A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun ⮚ Adjectives are the words that describe the noun. ⮚ Verbs are the words that show action ⮚ Adverbs are the words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer the questions — How? How often? When? And Where? Articles: The words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are known as articles. Articles are generally used before nouns. ‘An’ is used before words with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) sound A is used before nouns with a consonant (all other alphabets) sound ‘the’ is used to refer to specific or particular words Conjunctions: Conjunctions are the words that join two nouns, phrases or sentences. Some common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’. Prepositions connect one word with another to show the relation between them. They usually answer the questions ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’. Sentences: A sentence means a group of words that makes complete sense. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always contains a finite verb. A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clause also. Parts of a sentence ❖ A subject is the person or thing that does an action ❖ A verb describes the action. ❖ Object is the person or thing that receives the action Examples: Sentence Subject Verb Object I ate an apple. I ate an apple. He cooked dinner. He cooked dinner. She kicked the football. She kicked the football. Dia and Sanjay broke the bottle. Types of sentences Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice Sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive voice. KVS ZIET MYSORE 23 Example: Active Voice Passive Voice She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her. He opened the door. The door was opened by him. Mohan played the flute. The flute was played by Mohan Pronunciation Basics ⮚ Correct pronunciation will help us express ourselves in a clear and confident manner. ⮚ It will also help others to understand our words easily. Types of sounds All English words are made of three basic types of sounds Vowels: The English alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12 vowel sounds. This means most vowels can be pronounced in different ways. We make a vowel sound when we read a vowel in a word. Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a diphthong sound when we combine two vowels. Diphthongs start as one vowel sound and go to another. Consonants: A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel nor a diphthong sound. Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each) 1. Which of the following methods are used to receive information from the sender through a letter? a) Listening b) Speaking c) Reading d) Writing 2. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression? a) Staring hard Smiling b) Nodding while listening c) Wrinkled forehead d) Looking away from the speaker 3. Which of these sentences use uppercase letters correctly? a) I am Hungry. b) Divya and Sunil are reading. c) The bucket is Full of water. d) She lives in Delhi. 4. The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be understood by the receiver is called ------------ KVS ZIET MYSORE 24  (a) Encoding (b) Decoding (c) Feedback (d) compilation 5. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly? a) Where are you going. b) I have a pen a notebook and a pencil. c) I am so happy to see you! d) This is Abdul’s house. 6. Fill in the blank with correct articles He is ------------- University student a) the b) an c) a d) None of the above 7. Which of these sentences is in passive voice? a) They are watching a movie. b) The clock was repaired by Raju. c) He is sleeping in the room. d) My pet dog bit the postman. 8. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication? a) Sender b) Message c) Receiver d) Gateway 9. Sharing of information by using words is a ____________ type of communication a) Verbal b) Non-verbal c) Visual d) All of the above 10.Words that describe nouns are called -------------- a) Articles b) Adverbs c) Adjectives d) Verbs 11.Which of the following does not come under 7Cs of basic principles of communications a) Clear b) Complete c) Correct d) Clever 12.--------- is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes. a) Visual perception KVS ZIET MYSORE 25  b) Past experiences c) Feelings d) Prejudices 13. “Speaking too fast may show excitement or nervousness”- is an example for which type of visual communications? a) Poster b) Touch c) Space d) Paralanguage 14.Identify the subject in the sentence, “The children played football.” a) The children b) Children played c) Played d) Football 15.What are the different types of sounds used in English pronunciation? a) Vowel sounds b) Diphthong sounds c) Consonant sounds d) All of the above ANSWERS: 1) d 2) a 3) d 4) a 5) d 6)c 7) b 8) d 9) a 10) c 11) d 12)a 13) d 14) a 15) d SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marks each) 1. What are communication skills? Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and write properly. One should have the ability to listen carefully and write and speak clearly in any situation. 2. Write down the elements of communications? Sender, message, media, encoding, decoding, receiver and feedback 3. Write down the factors affecting perspectives in communication. Language, Visual perception, Past experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment, Personal Factors and Culture 4. Explain briefly the 7Cs basic principles of communications 1. Conciseness In formal communication, we should be very careful about the briefness/conciseness of the message. It is always helpful for both the sender and the receiver because it saves their time. Concise messages are helpful in getting the meaning. 2. Correctness KVS ZIET MYSORE 26  Correctness means the accuracy of thoughts, figures, and words. If the given information is not correctly conveyed, the sender will lose reliability. 3. Concreteness While communicating one should be very specific. Concreteness is an important aspect of effective communication. It is about being specific and definite rather than general. 4. Clarity Clarity is one of the principles of formal communication. Whatever we speak/communicate should have clarity. The idea of the message should be very clear in the mind of the sender. 5. Completeness Effective communication depends on the completeness of the message. Incomplete messages create ambiguity in the audience. 6. Consideration It is an act of consideration. While sending a message the sender should look from the angle of the audience. The sender should understand the feelings and emotions of the receivers. It shows that in communication we should consider the audience. 7. Courtesy Courtesy means polite behaviour. While communicating, everybody should show politeness towards others. It facilitates communication. 5. What are verbal communications? Give one example for oral communications Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. It is what most people use as a method of communication. Examples: Face-to-face conversation: Talking on a phone Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal communications? Advantages of verbal communication Verbal communication is easy and quick Effectively convey the message Fastest mode of Communication Useful for illiterates Disadvantages: Less creative Require attention throughout Increases the chance of mistakes 7. Define nonverbal communications? KVS ZIET MYSORE 27  Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without using any words. Non-verbal communication makes our message stronger. Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message more effective. Knowing non-verbal communication helps us understand our audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication accordingly 8. How to make use of eye contact communication effectively? Look at the person who is speaking Keep a relaxed, pleasant look Break the look every few seconds 9. What are visual communications? Give examples It is that type of communication, which involves sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of this type of communication is that you do not need to know any particular language for understanding it. Examples of Visual Communication Traffic symbol which communicates not to blow horn Sign for ladies and gents toilet Sign for flammable substances 10. What are conjunctions? Give examples Conjunctions are words that join two nouns, phrases or sentences. Some common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’. 11. Explain the different parts of a sentence A sentence means a group of words that makes complete sense. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always contains a finite verb. A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Parts of a sentence A subject is the person or thing that does an action A verb describes the action. Object is the person or thing that receives the action 12. Do convert the following active voice in to passive voice. a. She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her. b. He opened the door. The door was opened by him. 13. Explain any two non-verbal communications. Posture: Postures are positions of the body. They show our confidence and feelings. For example, straight body posture is seen as confidence. KVS ZIET MYSORE 28  Gestures or Body Language: Gestures describe movements of parts of the body, especially hands or head, to express an idea or meaning. This includes waving, pointing and using our hands when speaking. For example, raising a hand may mean asking a question. 14. What is the importance of writing skills in communications? Writing skills include all the knowledge and abilities related to expressing ourselves through the written word. It is a sound understanding of language through grammar, spelling and punctuation. People with excellent writing skills can tailor their tone and word choice to different situations and people. 15. What are the different types of sounds of words in English All English words are made of three basic types of sounds Vowels: The English alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12 vowel sounds. This means most vowels can be pronounced in different ways. We make a vowel sound when we read a vowel in a word. Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a diphthong sound when we combine two vowels. Diphthongs start as one vowel sound and go to another. Consonants: A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel nor a diphthong sound. KVS ZIET MYSORE 29  UNIT -2 SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS INTRODUCTION TO SELF-MANAGEMENT After writing an exam, have you ever felt that you should have studied more? Do you think that you could manage your hobbies, interests, and studies better if you could manage your time well? Self-management involves understanding yourself, understanding what your interests and abilities are, having a positive attitude and grooming yourself in order to develop self-confidence Self-management can also help in: Developing good habits Overcoming bad habits Reaching your goals Overcoming challenges and difficulties being able to manage yourself helps you To avoid stress and provides opportunities to Get involved in fun activities. Self-management skills include the following: KVS ZIET MYSORE 30  Time Goal setting management Planning Achieving concrete goals tasks on time to be and according accomplished the plan within a set timeframe. Fig. 2.10: Time Fig. 2.11: Goal management setting STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS ANALYSIS Have you ever wondered why you get good marks in one subject and not so good in another subject? Knowing what you do well or not so well, will help you in converting your weaknesses into strengths and strengths into an exceptional performance. The strength and weakness analysis help you in this process. Strength and weakness analysis begin with knowing yourself first. Knowing yourself It means understanding who you are, what you like, what you do not like, what are your beliefs, what are your opinions, what is your background, what you do well and what you do not do well? It is important to know who you are, because only then can you measure your strengths and weaknesses Strength and weakness analysis Being ‘self-aware’ or understanding ‘Who am I?’ means looking outside our usual characteristics, such as our name, qualifications, and the relationship we have with others. It actually means knowing our inner strengths, hidden talents, skills and even weaknesses. Let us look at what could be our strengths and weaknesses. KVS ZIET MYSORE 31 Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management Skills (1 Mark each) 1. Dima believes that she can do any task and she is not afraid to take 1 risks. This shows that she is______________ a) Self-motivated b) Self-aware c) Self-confident d) Self-regulated 2. If you know yourself as an individual – your values, likes, dislikes, and 1 weaknesses. It means that you are __________ a) Self-confident b) Self-controlled c) Self-motivated d) Self-aware 3. _____________ also known as “areas of improvement” are what we do 1 not do well and are not good at. a) Weaknesses b) Strengths c) Abilities d) Interests 4. ______________ are the things that we enjoy doing. 1 a) Weaknesses b) Strengths c) Abilities d) Interests 5. ___________ is an acquired or natural capacity that enables an 1 individual to perform a particular task with considerable proficiency. a) Weaknesses b) Strengths c) Abilities d) Interests 6. Aman is doing a project. To retain positive attitude, he should 1 ________________ a) Appreciate the good in others b) Observe and understand c) Constantly improving d) All the above 7. Danish gets feedback on his project work from his class teacher. Which 1 of these options demonstrates positive attitude in this situation a) Danish ignores the feedback b) Danish takes the feedback but doesn’t use it c) Danish says others that the teacher is wrong d) Danish learns from the feedback and makes the project a better one. KVS ZIET MYSORE 32 8. When you are under __________ for a prolonged period, it can 1 cause health problems and mental issues as well. a) Stress b) Discipline c) Timeliness d) Goal – Setting 9. ______________ is the ability to plan and control how you spend 1 the hours of your day well and do all that you want to do. a) Stress Management b) Time Management c) Goal Setting d) None of the above 10. Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique 1 because a) It improves blood circulation b) improves self-image c) make us feel better d) All of the above 11. The feeling of self-awareness enhances our........ 1 a) Self-confidence b) Self-monitoring c) Self-Regulation d) All of the above 12. What is 'M' in the 'SMART' goal setting method? 1 a) Must b) Meaning c) Measurable d) None of these 13. Write Full form of ‘SMART’ 1 a) Special, Method, Active, Rate, Time b) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound c) Specific, Active, Method, Relevant, Time-bound d) None of the above 14. Staying with the current situation with new updated information 1 and preparing yourself for new challenges is called _________. a) Responsibility b) Adaptability c) Time management d) Self-awareness 15. Which of the following can be considered as external motivation? 1 a) Reward b) Appreciations c) Recognition d) All of the above KVS ZIET MYSORE 33  SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management skills (2 Marks each) 1. What do you mean by self-management skills? 2 2. Write a short note on any of the four self-management skills. 2 3. How can one build self-confidence? 2 4. What is the importance of positive thinking? 2 5. How personal hygiene is essential in one’s life? 2 6. What do you mean by self-grooming? 2 7. What are the differences between interests and abilities? 2 8. What are the factors that decrease our self-confidence? 2 9. Define Goal setting. 2 10. Describe stress and stress management in your own words. 2 11. Write four steps of Self-motivation. 2 12. Write the four steps for effective Time management. 2 13. Write four qualities of those people who work independently. 2 14. Write three steps to manage emotional intelligence. 2 15. How self – management skills can help us? 2 KVS ZIET MYSORE 34  ANSWERS Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management Skills (1 Mark each) 1. c) Self-confident 1 2. d) Self-aware 1 3. a) Weaknesses 1 4. d) Interests 1 5. c) Abilities 1 6. d) All of the above 1 7. d) Danish learns from the feedback and makes the project a better one 1 8. a) Stress 1 9. b) Time Management 1 10. d) All of the above 1 11. a) Self-confidence 1 12. c) Measurable 1 13. b) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound 1 14. c) Adaptability 1 15. d) All of the above 1 Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management skills (2 Marks each) 1. Your ability to regulate and control your actions, feelings and thoughts is referred to as self-management skills. It also helps to achieve personal and academic goals. 2. Self-awareness – Ability to understand your values, strengths, weaknesses, likes, dislikes, etc. Self Confidence – Believe in yourself and don’t be scared to take risks. Problem solving – Understanding a problem and finding the solution. Positive thinking – Expressing certainty or affirmation even in tough situations. 3. Following are the steps to build self-confidence: i.Appreciate achievements and accept failures ii.Set a goal and try to achieve it iii.Always focus on the positive side and maintain a positive outlook. KVS ZIET MYSORE 35 4. Positive thinking helps to be successful in life because it helps one to achieve the goal without worrying about the negative side. Positive thinking produces positive outcomes such as overcoming challenges, accepting failures etc. 5. Personal hygiene is very important in our life as it creates a good image of ourselves among others. It helps us to stay healthy and carry out our duties efficiently and effectively. It also improves our self-confidence. 6. Self-grooming is the act of making oneself appear neat, orderly and smart. It makes a good impression and improves our self-confidence. 7. Interests are the things that we enjoy doing, ability is the acquired or natural capacity that enables an individual to perform a particular task with considerable proficiency. 8. Some of the factors that decrease self-confidence are: i.Thinking of failure ii.Thinking of incapability iii.Anxiety iv.Negativity thoughts 9. Goal setting is a process that helps a person to decide what he wants to achieve in life. This will help them to decide where to put their efforts to achieve that goal. After deciding the goal or aim of life one can easily go through the process of achieving it. This gives them the motivation to work hard. 10. Stress is our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived demands or threats. Stress Management is about planning to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures. You must make a suitable plan for your daily life routine so that it would not put hard pressure on you. If you are not able to manage the increasing pressure that will lead to stress. Our main goal is to maintain a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation and fun. By doing this, we can manage stress-related problems in our daily life. 11. Four steps of Self-motivation are: i) Find out your strengths. ii) Focus on your goals. iii)Develop a plan to achieve your goals. iv)Stay loyal to your goals. 12. Four Steps for Effective Time Management are: a. Organize: We should plan our day-to-day activities. b. Prioritize: We should make our to-do-list c. Control: We should have control over our activities and time. d. Track: We should identify and note where we have spent our time. KVS ZIET MYSORE 36 13. Four qualities are: i.They are self-aware, self-monitored and self-correcting. ii.They take the initiative rather than being told what to do. iii.They could learn continuously. iv.They recognize their own mistakes. 14. Three steps to manage emotional intelligence are: i) Understand your emotions: Observe your behavior and then work on the things you need to improve. ii) Rationalize: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking. iii) Practice: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm. 15. Self-management can help in the following areas: - i.Reaching your goals ii.Developing good habits iii.Overcoming challenges and difficulties iv.Overcoming bad habits KVS ZIET MYSORE 37  UNIT-3 ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS ENTREPRENEUR: Business is an economic activity for profit entities or non- profit organisations, which relates to the continuous and regular production and distribution of goods and services for satisfying the needs of humans and society. When there is a gap between what is needed and is available, some people take this as an opportunity, manage risks and fill the gap by providing necessary products and services. Such people are entrepreneurs. Therefore, an entrepreneur is a self-employed person, willing to take a calculated risk and bring in a new idea to start a business. All self-employed persons are not entrepreneurs, as they need to put in their ideas to run a business. ENTREPRENEURSHIP: It is defined as the process of developing a business plan, launching and running a business using innovation to meet customer needs and to make a profit. ENTERPRISE: An enterprise is a project or undertaking that fulfils the need of society, which no one has ever addressed. QUALITIES OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR: 1. Patience: Success may not be achieved quickly and therefore, it is important for an entrepreneur to be patient in running the business. 2. Positivity: An entrepreneur has to think positively even when they take a big risk, face lots of difficulties and failures. Stay positive and continue to work hard, towards the goal even if there are losses at times. 3. Hardworking, Never Giving Up and Perseverance: Every new business goes through failures and therefore, an entrepreneur needs to work hard till it becomes successful, to meet their own and company’s goals. 4. Confidence: An entrepreneur needs to be very confident and take decisions about their business. An entrepreneur needs to communicate confidently with the customers too. 5. Open to Trial and Error: An Entrepreneur needs to be open to new ideas and try them without fear of failure. They will have to use trial and error and experiment with different ideas to allow the improved product or service for the customer and help the business grow, and become successful. 6. Creativity and Innovation: An entrepreneur should be able to see a problem from different perspectives and come up with original and creative solutions recognising an opportunity in a problem and finding an innovative solution. KVS ZIET MYSORE 38 ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: 1. Economic Development—Money in Circulation: More and more entrepreneurs create business opportunities, investors put money into their businesses and expect good returns. Entrepreneurs make cheaper products and services for customers, hence, the economy grows. 2. Social Development—Creation of Jobs: If a small business started by an entrepreneur becomes successful and grows, the entrepreneur expands the business. As the business grows, more work needs to be completed and it creates more jobs. Good quality jobs lead to more people earning money and having a good life. 3. Improved Standard of Living— More things available to live a comfortable life: When entrepreneurs sell products, it helps people live a more comfortable life. 4. Optimal Use of Resources: Entrepreneurs keep working on various natural resources present around us, renewable and non-renewable, to find the most optimal ways of using the resources to reduce costs and increase their profits. 5. More Benefits at Lower Prices Products and Services at Competitive Prices: As entrepreneurs compete in the market, prices of products come down. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: 1. Ability to take up risks 2. Believe in hard work and discipline 3. Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing quality and customer satisfaction 4. Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand in the market 5. Financial literacy and money management skills 6. Effective planning and execution. POSITIVE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON SOCIETY: Emphasizes on economic Growth Fosters Creativity Stimulates Innovation and Efficiency Creates Jobs and Employment Opportunities Solves the problems of the society Encourages welfare of the society Entrepreneurship also creates some adverse impact on society at times like: environmental degradation trade imbalance labour exploitation etc. KVS ZIET MYSORE 39 ROLE OF SOCIETY IN BOOSTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Creates needs and demands Provides raw materials Enables financial support Creates a need for education Catalyses policy formation and reform Facilitates networking Supports infrastructure development MYTH ABOUT ENTREPRENEURSHIP: a) Entrepreneurs are born, not made: It is an assumption that entrepreneurial qualities are inborn and that only people with certain natural talents can become entrepreneurs. Anyone can be an entrepreneur with the right skills, drive and passion. b) It takes a lot of money to start a business: Certain amount of capital is required to take a business off the ground, and it varies depending on the business. Start with resources available and grow slowly and steadily. c) Entrepreneurs take risk: Entrepreneurs take calculated risks and weigh risk versus reward. They do not necessarily put themselves in high-risk situations. d) Businesses either skyrocket or fail e) Great ideas are what makes entrepreneurs: They take existing ideas to make a business out of it. People who are able to execute the idea and turn it into a business are referred to as entrepreneurial. f) One must know everything before starting a business: Entrepreneurs continuously learn. How fast one learns, matters. g) Every business idea needs to be unique or special. h) Only a person having a big business is an entrepreneur. BENEFITS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Do as per your interests: Do something using your hobbies and skills. Work for yourself, and not for others: Decide the kind of work to do and how to do it. Make profits for yourself: Decide how much money to earn and how to earn it. More risk, more profit: Decide on how much risk to take. The larger the risk, the bigger is the profit. TYPES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES: There can be three types of business activities: Product business Service business Hybrid business Product business: A business where a seller and buyer exchange an item, which can be seen and touched, is called a product-based business. For example, a Textile Shop, Sports Shop etc. KVS ZIET MYSORE 40 Service business: A business where a seller helps the buyer to finish some work. For example, a cricket coaching center. Hybrid business : A hybrid is the one where the business is doing both selling product and selling services. Product Business Service Business Product can be seen and touched and Service cannot be seen or touched, customer pays for physical exchange of hence, customer pays for an experience. things. A product can be made and stored in a A service, cannot be stored, but shop or a warehouse. provided to customers when they ask for it. A product can be made at home or in a A service cannot be made or factory and then is transported to transported, but given to the customer at different places where shopkeepers sell the time of it. delivery. The quality and quantity of the product The quality and quantity of a service will be the same every time. can be different at different times. There are two types of product-based businesses: (i) Manufacturing businesses: These are the businesses that make a product and sell it. Products are usually made in factories. (ii) Trade businesses: These businesses buy and sell a product, transport the product from the factory to warehouses and then finally to shops near the customers. Examples of these businesses include wholesalers, distributors and retail shops. ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: Entrepreneurship development is the process of improving the skills and knowledge of entrepreneurs. It can take place through formal and informal learning system. In the formal learning system, training programmes are conducted to bring about awareness, knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurship. Steps of starting a business: 1) Idea: The first step is to come up with a business idea. A business idea could be based on (a) One’s interest in doing (b) A need that is seen in the market KVS ZIET MYSORE 41 2) Getting money and material: Start on a small scale with some money which will help in buying basic material. 3) Understanding customer needs: Once we start selling, we will find out what our customer likes and dislikes, what they want. 4) Improving Product/ service: Use this knowledge to know the customer likes and dislikes to improve the product. ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER OPTION A career is a line of work that a person takes for life. There are two ways a person can earn a living. self-employment wage employment Self-employed people are those who start businesses to satisfy the needs of people. Wage employed people are people who work for a person or an organization and get paid for that work. WAGE EMPLOYMENT In wage employment, there are two parties: (i) employer (ii) employee The wage employment does not involve too much risk but entrepreneurship involves taking certain amount of calculated risks. However, the continuity of the service in case of wage employment depends on the terms and conditions laid down in the contract between the two parties and also on the relationship between the employer and the employee. A person who becomes an entrepreneur goes through a career process as given below: 1) ENTER: When an entrepreneur is starting, they are just entering the market to do business. 2) SURVIVE: There are many entrepreneurs in the market. The entrepreneur has to remain in a Competitive market. 3) GROW: Once the business is stable, an entrepreneur thinks about expanding his or her business. Entrepreneurship as a career option: 1. Nurtures development of entrepreneurial skills and capabilities 2. Enables the application of an entrepreneurial mind-set 3. Develops the ability to handle failure and ambiguity 4. Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving ability KVS ZIET MYSORE 42 5. Provides early exposure to the real world 6. Inspires to think about one’s career differently 7. Leads to create a difference in society Entrepreneurship as a career option leads to: Entrepreneurs create products, services, companies and even industries. New Entrepreneurial venture creation includes launching a company, buying a business, Taking a franchise, starting a new venture in a family business. Join existing Entrepreneurial ventures as a working/investing partner. Enter partnership with start-ups, small business, educational ventures, research, Development sector, corporate Entrepreneur or strategic Entrepreneurial unit etc. Work with traditional companies as support/service provider. In a new start-up they draw up a business plan and decide a career path, source funds for the project from both private and government lenders, decide location suitable for the business and lease space, form a team of workers/partners and formerly launch a company. 1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. ___________________ is the type of employment where one is running a business to satisfy the needs of people and looking for ways to make the business better. a. Entrepreneurship b. Entrepreneur c. Business plan d. entrepreneurism 2. Successful entrepreneurs have the __________ abilities. a. They are confident b. They keep trying new ideas c. They are creative d. All of the above 3. An _______________ is a person who is self – employed, is willing to take a calculated risk, and brings in a new idea to start a business. a. Software Engineer b. Entrepreneur c. Civil Engineer d. Mechanical Engineer KVS ZIET MYSORE 43 4. The process of developing a business plan, launching and running a business using innovation to meet customer needs and to make a profit is the function of an __________________. a. Software Engineer b. Entrepreneur c. Civil Engineer d. Mechanical Engineer 5. A self-employed person who is always trying to make his/her business better by taking risks and trying new ideas is an _________. a. Business Man b. Entrepreneur c. Employer d. None of the above 6. What do entrepreneurs do when she/he runs their business? a. Fulfil Customer Needs b. Use Local Materials c. Create Jobs d. All of the above 7. When a person begins a business, he or she may encounter several challenges and failures. Even while taking a significant risk, an entrepreneur must think _____________. a. Positively b. Negatively c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 8. It is necessary for an entrepreneur to continuously _________ towards his/her own and company’s goals. a. Work Hard b. Always take rest c. Not participate actively d. None of the above 9. Entrepreneurs need to be open to _______and try them without fear of failure. a. Invest all of money b. New Ideas c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 10. Experimenting with many ideas is a quality related to __________. a. Perseverance KVS ZIET MYSORE 44 b. Confidence c. Creativity d. Trial and error 11. An entrepreneur should be able to see a problem from different perspectives and come up with original and______________. a. Creative Solutions b. New Ideas c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 12. An entrepreneur should be willing to take a ___________ and is always open to new ideas to make his/her business grow. a. Satisfying human need b. Product and Service c. Calculated Risk d. Regular Production 13. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get angry. He listens to what his customer is saying. He is ____________. a. Hardworking b. Confident c. Patient d. Prying new ideas 14. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a loss. She apologizes to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next time. She _______________________. a. takes responsibility for your mistakes b. thinks before deciding c. does not give up d. is creative 15. A myth, or a misconception about entrepreneurship is __________. a. To start a business we required lot of money b. Business should be unique or special c. entrepreneurs are born, not made d. All of the above ANSWERS 1a 2d 3b 4b 5b 6d 7a 8a 9b 10 d 11 c 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 d KVS ZIET MYSORE 45 B. DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS 2 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. What do you mean by Entrepreneur? Ans: Entrepreneurs are people with vision who recognize and pursue opportunity, create and establish business or new ventures, consider the risk involved by using available resources. 2. Explain any two roles of entrepreneurs? Ans. Innovator’s Role: Entrepreneurs innovate by bringing unique and new products and services into the market. Risk assumption role: Entrepreneurs are not risk aversive and they realize that taking risks is a part of business. Employment Generation role: Entrepreneur solves the problem of unemployment by generating jobs and employing people. 3. List any two qualities of an entrepreneur. Ans. 1) They are confident. They believe in themselves and their abilities. 2) They keep trying new ideas in their business. 3) They are patient. 4) They are creative and think differently about business ideas. 5) They take responsibility for their actions. 6) They make decisions after thinking about them. 7) They work hard. 8) They do not give up when they face a difficulty. 9) Optimism, energetic, perseverant etc. 4. What do you think are the important functions of an entrepreneur? Write your answer giving suitable examples. Ans. Making Decisions: An entrepreneur makes decisions every day. This includes what to produce or sell, how much and where to sell. Managing the Business: An entrepreneur plans the future of their business by arranging for raw material, hires people for work, and instructing everyone what to do. They also check if the plan is being followed. Divide Income: The entrepreneur divides the business money into many groups and spends money to buy material, pays rent of the building and salaries to people. Taking Risk: Risk is the chance of something going wrong. An entrepreneur takes risks against fires, lost items and theft. Create a new Method, Idea, or Product: An entrepreneur is always trying new things to increase their importance and income. KVS ZIET MYSORE 46 5. What do entrepreneurs do when they run their business? (Or) List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society. Ans. a. Fulfil Customer Needs – Entrepreneurs discover what people demand i.e. a product or service that people want is referred to as demand. b. Use Local Materials – Entrepreneurs produce low-cost items by using the materials and people available to them. c. Help Society – Entrepreneurs have a good interaction with the general public. They gain money by doing things that help society. d. Create Jobs – They buy more material, also hire more people to work for them. Hence, more people get jobs. e. Sharing of Wealth – As entrepreneurs grow their business, wealth increases i.e. gain enough money to live a comfortable life. f. Lower Price of Products – The price of a product decreases when more entrepreneurs sell the same thing. 6. How do entrepreneurs contribute to society? Ans. A business person, apart from making money for themselves, also help the society in many ways financially and socially. They contribute in form of donations, sponsorship, welfare programs, advisors to respective government, etc. 7. State any two benefits of Entrepreneurs to society. Ans. a) Entrepreneurs provide new job opportunities b) Entrepreneurs increase competition & boost productivity c) Entrepreneurs create new business & new markets. d) Entrepreneurs add national income. e) Entrepreneurs introduce innovative technology and low cost products 8. “Entrepreneurs are born, not made.” Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer. Ans. No, this is a myth/misconception about entrepreneurship. Being an entrepreneur starts with a way of thinking. One must believe that anything is possible and it shall be achieved. It starts with think