Plant Pathology Section 1 PDF

SECTION ) 1) By/Hala Ahmed Demonstrator at Plant pathology Department  Introduction ◦ Microbes : Microorganisms, most of which are not visible to the naked eye. ◦ Where do microbes live? Microbes are found everywhere around us...

SECTION ) 1) By/Hala Ahmed Demonstrator at Plant pathology Department  Introduction ◦ Microbes : Microorganisms, most of which are not visible to the naked eye. ◦ Where do microbes live? Microbes are found everywhere around us (water, air, soil, and food). But there are places where microbes are absent or rare places that exposed to the sun Or treated with disinfectant chemicals such as alcohol, Dettol, and chlorine. ◦ Microbes are specialized, meaning that microbes cannot infect all living organisms. For example, microbes that infect plants cannot infect humans or animals, and vice versa. ◦ Are all microbes that live around us harmful to humans? No, they are not. If a person takes precautions, there will be no harm due to specialization. In addition, the greatest danger to microbes lies in the toxins they produce, these toxins may be stored in vital organs and in the long run cause serious diseases to humans, such as cancer, kidney and liver damage.  Do all microbes cause diseases and harm? ◦ We often think that microbes are organisms that cause only diseases and harm. On the contrary, there are many benefits that a person can obtain from them. Benefits of microbes 1. It is used in the manufacture of baked goods (such as Yeast fungus) and dairy products. 2. It helps decompose bodies and the remains of dead organisms. 3. Pharmaceutical industry and production of antibiotics used to treat humans, such as penicillin. 4. Microbes are edible parts such as mushrooms. 5. Increasing soil fertility through microbes that fix nitrogen such as : , Azotobacter and Rhizobium Which engages in a beneficial exchange with leguminous crops, as it takes some carbohydrates from them in exchange for fixing nitrogen To increase nutrition Legumes and increasing soil fertility. Or increasing soil fertility through some microbes that It transforms complex elements into a simple form that the plant can benefit from. Microbial damages: 1. Food spoilage. 2. It causes diseases in humans, animals and plants. ◦ Plant Pathology: It is the science that studies the nature of the relationship between the plant and its pathogen. ◦ Plan Disease: It is any deviation in a plant that changes its natural behavior , This deviation may be in the appearance, physiological behavior, or change in plant tissue , and It is mostly caused by the pathogen. How does plant disease occur? Plant Environmental Pathogen conditions ◦ Pathogen: It depends on the plant to obtain its food and causes damage to it. Examples of pathogen: Fungi - bacteria - nematodes - parasitic flowering plants.