BHU BSc (Hons.) Botany Syllabus PDF

BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY SYLLABI B.Sc. (Hons.) Courses Offered by FACULTY OF SCIENCE 2012--13) (Effective from 2012  Course content: B.Sc. (Hons.) Sl. No. Courses Department/ Subject Page No. 1. B.Sc....

BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY SYLLABI B.Sc. (Hons.) Courses Offered by FACULTY OF SCIENCE 2012--13) (Effective from 2012  Course content: B.Sc. (Hons.) Sl. No. Courses Department/ Subject Page No. 1. B.Sc. (Hons.) Botany 3 – 13 2. B.Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry 14 – 31 3. B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science 32 – 40 4. B.Sc. (Hons.) Geography 41 – 59 5. B.Sc. (Hons.) Geology 60 – 73 6. B.Sc. (Hons.) Home Science 74 – 94 7. B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics 95 – 109 8. B.Sc. (Hons.) Physics 110 – 122 9. B.Sc. (Hons.) Statistics 123 – 136 10. B.Sc. (Hons.) Zoology 137 – 168 11. B.Sc. Industrial Microbiology 169 -174 -2- BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY Department of Botany Faculty of Science SYLLABI B.Sc. (Hons.) Programme in Botany -3-  B. Sc. (HONS.) BOTANY DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT COURSES AND CREDITS IN VARIOUS SEMESTERS Semester-I Course Code Title Credits BOB101 Cryptogams 4 BOB102 Lab. work based on Course BOB101 2 Total 6 Semester-II Course Code Title Credits BOB201 Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Cytology and Genetics 4 BOB202 Lab. work based on Course BOB201 2 Total 6 Semester-III Course Code Title Credits BOB301 Plant Ecology and Physiology 4 BOB302 Lab. work based on Course BOB301 2 Total 6 Semester-IV Course Code Title Credits BOB401 Phanerogams 4 BOB402 Lab. work based on Course BOB401 2 Total 6 Semester-V Course Code Title Credits BOB501 Comparative studies of Cryptogams 4 BOB502 Comparative studies of Phanerogams 4 BOB503 Plant Ecology and Toxicology 4 BOB504 Lab. work based on Course BOB501 2 BOB505 Lab. work based on Course BOB502 2 BOB506 Lab. work based on Course BOB503 2 BOB 507 Field Study 4 Total 22 -4-  Semester-VI Course Code Title Credits BOB601 Plant Metabolism, Biochemistry and Biotechnology 4 BOB602 Microbiology and Plant Pathology 4 BOB603 Cytogenetics and Evolutionary Processes 4 BOB604 Lab. work based on Course BOB601 2 BOB605 Lab. work based on Course BOB602 2 BOB606 Lab. work based on Course BOB603 2 BOB607 Dissertation based on review 4 Total 22 Grand Total 68 -5-  B.Sc. (HONS.) BOTANY SEMESTER - I BOB101: CRYPTOGAMS Credits: 4 General classification of Cryptogams; study of structure, reproduction and life history of the following representative forms included in various groups Section A: Algae 1. General characteristics of Chlorophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Cyanophyceae 2. Chlorophyceae: Volvox, Oedogonium, Draparnaldiopsis 3. Xanthophyceae: Vaucheria 4. Phaeophyceae: Ectocarpus, Sargassum 5. Rhodophyceae: Polysiphonia 6. Cyanophyceae: Nostoc, Scytonema Section B: Fungi 1. General characteristics of Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina 2. Mastigomycotina: Saprolegnia, Albugo 3. Zygomycotina: Rhizopus 4. Ascomycotina: Peziza 5. Basidiomycotina: Agaricus, Puccinia 6. Deuteromycotina: Alternaria, Cercospora Section C: Bryophytes 1. General characteristics of Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida and Bryopsida 2. Hepaticopsida: Marchantia 3. Anthocerotopsida: Anthoceros 4. Bryopsida: Funaria Section D: Pteridophytes 1. General characteristics of Psilophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta and Filicophyta; Various types of steles 2. Lycophyta: Selaginella 3. Sphenophyta: Equisetum 4. Filicophyta: Pteris BOB102: Lab. work based on Course BOB101 Credits: 2 Suggested readings: 1. Gangulee, H.C. and Kar, A.K., College Botany Vol. II- 2011 (Algae+Fungi+Brophyta+ Pteridophyta), New Central Book Agency, Kolkata 2. Singh, Pande, Jain, A Text Book of Botany, 2010 (Algae+Fungi+Brophyta+Pteridophyta) , Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3. Rashid, A., An Introduction to Pteridopyta by, 2nd edition, 2011 (Reprint), Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Noida. 4. Lee, R.E., 2008, Phycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge -6-  SEMESTER - II BOB 201: MICROBIOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY, CYTOLOGY and GENETICS Section A: Microbiology and Plant Pathology Credits: 4 1. History and scope of Microbiology 2. Position of microorganisms in the living world; morphological, metabolic and molecular criteria for the classification of bacteria (scheme not required) 3. Structure of a bacterial cell: flagella, cell envelope, cell membrane, chromosome, plasmid and endospore 4. Structure of bacteriophages T4 and Lambda; Lysogenic and lytic cycles 5. A brief account of genetic recombination in bacteria (transformation, conjugation and transduction) 6. Role of microorganisms in cycling of nitrogen. 7. Microorganisms and the production of wines and antibiotics 8. General symptoms and control measures for the following plant diseases: Late blight of potato, Wilt of Cajanus cajan, Loose smut of Wheat, Covered smut of Barley, Citrus canker, TMV. Suggested readings: 1. Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology 7th edition (2008). Mc GRAW Hill. Singapore 2. Brock Biology of Microoranisms, 13th edition (2012) 3. Stainier, R.Y. General Microbiology 5th edition (2009) Mc Millan Press Ltd., Hound Mills 4. Singh, R.S. Plant diseases, 9th edition (2009). Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Section B: Cytology and Genetics 1. Basic tenets of cytogenetics: cell and cell theory, germplasm theory. 2. Ultrastructure of plant cell: Nucleus, cytoskeleton 3. Cell cycle: Euchromatin and heterochromatin, mitosis, meiosis; genetic significance of meiosis 4. Mendel's laws of inheritance: Law of segregation, law of independent assortment, deviations from Mendel's laws (Neo-Mendelism) 5. Interaction of genes: Intragenic and intergenic interactions, incomplete dominance, lethal genes, complementary genes, supplementary genes, inhibitory genes, duplicate genes, epistatic genes 6. Linkage and crossing over: Interrelationships and importance, crossing over and meiosis, cytological basis of crossing over, crossing over and linkage map. 7. Sex determination: Bases of sex determination, chromosome theory of sex determination, sex determination in plants 8. Synthetic theory of evolution Suggested readings: 1. Gardner, Simmons and Snustad, John, Principles of Genetics Wiley & Son, India 2. Gupta, P.K., A Text Book of Cytology, Genetics and Evolution, , Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3. Robertis, E.D.P. De and Robertis, E.M.F. De Cell and Molecular Biology, Pub. Walters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd. BOB 202: Lab. work based on Course BOB 201 Credits: 2 -7-  SEMESTER - III BOB 301: PLANT ECOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Credits: 4 Section A: Ecology 1. Introduction to ecology 2. Abiotic environment: Atmosphere, Temperature, Water, Light and Soil (structure and soil profile) 3. Biotic environment: Interaction between plants, animals and man; Interactions among plants growing in a community; Interactions among plants and microorganisms 4. Plant adaptations in response to water availability 5. Population ecology: Population characteristics (Density, Dispersion, Age structure, Natality, Mortality Survivorship curves, Growth curves), Ecotypes and Ecads 6. Community Ecology: Analytical and Synthetic characters (Frequency, Density, Cover, IVI, Life forms, Biological spectrum, Phenology, Sociability) 7. Ecosystem ecology: Ecosystem structure (abiotic and biotic components, food chain (Grazing and Detritus), food web, ecological pyramids; ecosystem function (models of energy flows), biogeochemical cycles (carbon and phosphorus) 8. Ecological succession: General process, Mechanism and pattern (Hydrosere and Xerosere), Types and pattern Suggested reading: 1. Odum and Barrett, Thomson, Ed. Brooks/Cole, Fundamentals of Ecology, Cengage Learning 2. Singh, Singh and Gupta Ed., Ecology, Environment and Resources Conservation, , Anamaya Pub., New Delhi 3. Odum, E.P., Basic Ecology, Ed. Saunders College Pub. Section B: Physiology 1. Water relation of plants: Water potential, water absorption, water loss (transpiration, guttation) Cell Membrane: Structure, Ion transport Transport of solutes: Sugar translocation 2. Photosynthesis: Absorption of light, transfer of light energy, electron transport, photophospho- 3. rylation, C3, C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation, photorespiration 4. Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation 5. Nitrogen metabolism: Assimilatory reduction of nitrate 6. Plant growth hormones: Physiological role of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and 7. ethylene Phytochrome: Structure and function Suggested readings: 1. Taiz, L & Zeiger, E., 2010, Plant Physiology, Fifth Edition, Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Hopkins, W.G., and Hunter, NPA, 2011, Introduction to Plant Physiology, Wiley International Edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA. Srivastava, H.S., 2008, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Rastogi publications, Meerut, India. 3. Buchanan, B., Gruissem,W., & Jones, R.L., 2002, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Biologists, USA. BOB302: Lab. work based on Course BOB301 Credits: 2 -8-  SEMESTER - IV BOB 401: PHANEROGAMS Credits: 4 Gymnosperms: (a) Classification (Cf. Sporne) (b) Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of: Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra Angiosperms: (a) Taxonomy: 1. Bentham and Hooker's system of classification: Principles, outline, merits and demerits 2. Distinguishing characteristics of the following families and their economic importance: Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Apiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Acanthaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae (b) Anatomy of stems and roots with special reference to plants showing anomalies: Stem: Nyctanthes, Bignonia, Strychnos, Boerhaavia and Dracaena stem; Root Tinospora (c) Embryology - General Account 1. Microsporangium and Microsporogenesis 2. Megasporangium and Megasporogenesis 3. Male gametophyte 4. Female gametophyte (monosporic embryosac) 5. Double fertilization 6. Endosperm (Different modes of development) 7. Embryogeny: (Classification, development of any typical dicot and monocot embryo) BOB 402: Lab. work based on Course BOB401 Credits: 2 Suggested readings: 1. Singh, V. and Jain, D.K., Taxonomy of angiosperms. Rastogi Publication, Meerut 2. Pandey, B.P., Angiosperms-Taxonomy, Emrbyology and Anatomy, S. Chand and Co., New Delhi 3. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P., Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikash Publishing House, New Delhi 4. Sporne, K.R., Morphology of Gymnosperms, B.I. Publication, New Delhi 5. Singh, Gurucharan, Plant Systematics- Theory and Practices, Oxford and I.B.H. Publishing Co. New Delhi 6. Judd,W.S.,Christopher,S.,Campbell.,Kellogg,A.E.,Stevens,P.F.,1999.Plant Systematics:A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers. 7. Simpson, M. G., 2006 Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press. SEMESTER - V BOB 501: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CRYPTOGAMS Credits: 4 Section A: Algae 1. Classification (Fritsch's system) of algae and general characteristics of major classes 2. Pigmentation and storage products 3. Thallus organization and evolutionary tendencies 4. Reproduction and life history types with reference to Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, 5. Rhodophyceae and Cyanophyceae -9- Section B: Fungi 1. General features of fungi and their classification (Ainsworth's system) 2. Structure, reproduction and life cycle of representative classes of fungi 3. Types of fungal spores and mode of their liberation 4. Evolutionary trends in fungi 5. Economic importance of fungi Section C: Bryophytes 1. Life histories of bryophytes with reference to Cyathodium, Notothylus, Sphagnum and Polytrichum 2. Vegetative propagation in bryophytes 3. General account of evolution of sporophyte Section D: Pteridophytes 1. Classification of pteridophyta 2. Stelar evolution in pteridophyta 3. Life history of Psilotum, Isoetes, Adiantum, Ophioglossum, Marselia Suggested readings: 1. Gangulee, H.C. and Kar, A.K., 2011, College Botany Vol. II Algae+Fungi+Brophyta+ Pteridophyta) , New Central Book Agency, Kolkata 2. Singh, Pande, Jain, 2010, A Text Book of Botany (Algae+Fungi+Brophyta+Pteridophyta) , Pub.Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3. Rashid, A, 2011, An Introduction to Pteridopyta , 2nd edition, (Reprint), Pub. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Noida. BOB 502: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHANEROGAMS Credits: 4 Section A: Gymnosperm 1. General account of morphology and reproduction of the following: Zamia, Ginkgo, Biota and Gnetum 2. General account of Williamsonia and Pentaxylon 3. Phylogenetic trends in Gymnosperms 4. Distribution of living Gymnosperms in India Section B: Angiosperm 1. Classification of Angiosperms (Hutchinson) and general account of numerical and chemotaxonomy 2. Distinguishing characters of the following families and their economic importance: Annonaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Liliaceae, Cyperaceae 3. Embryology: General account of polyembryony, apomixis and experimental embryology with reference to anther and embryo culture Suggested readings: 1. Singh, V. and Jain, D.K., Taxonomy of angiosperms. Rastogi Publication, Meerut 2. Sporne, K.R., Morphology of Gymnosperms, B.I. Publication, New Delhi 3. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P., Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikash Publishing House, New Delhi - 10 -  4. Singh, Gurucharan, Plant Systematics- Theory and Practices, Oxford and I.B.H. Publishing Co. New Delhi 5. Judd,W.S.,Christopher,S., Campbell.,Kellogg,A.E.,Stevens,P.F.,1999.Plant Systematics:A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers. 6. Simpson M. G. 2006, Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press. BOB 503: PLANT ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Credits: 4 1. Population: Patterns of population dispersion, population growth, r and k-selection strategies, population regulation, mechanisms of differentiation 2. Community: Community characteristics and their analyses, species diversity and indices, concept of ecological niche 3. Ecosystem: Concept, components and organisation; primary productivity and its measurement; energy flow; nutrient cycling (C, N and P) in forest and grassland ecosystems 4. Mechanisms of ecological succession; Individualistic and Holistic models of succession; Trends of succession, concept of climax 5. Environmental pollution: Water Pollution: Sources and kinds, impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystems, eutrophication; Air Pollution: Sources and kinds, impact of air pollution on plants and ecosystems. Soil Pollution: Sources and kinds, impact on plants and ecosystems 6. Ecotoxicology: Concept of toxicity and its ecological implications, dose-response relationship; role of ecological factors in modifying toxicity, biomagnification. Suggested readings: 1. Sharma, P.D., Ecology and Environment, 2009 (10th Revised Ed.), Rastogi Pub. FIP, Patparaganj, New Delhi-92 2. Edward J. Kormondy, Concepts of Ecology (4th Ed, 2008) Pearson Education Inc. & Dorling Kindersley Pub, Inc. Capital offset Press, New Delhi 3. Taize, L & Zeiger, E., 2011, Plant Physiology, Sinauer associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Hopkins, W.G. , Huner, N.P.A., 2011, Introduction to Plant Physiology, Wiley International Edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA. 5. Srivastava, H.S., 2008, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Rastogi publications, Meerut, India. 6. Smith, T.M. and Smith R.L., 2008, Elements of Ecology, Benjamin-Cummings, N.Y. (7th Edn.) 7. Miller, G.T., 2004, Essentials of Ecology, Brooks, Cole, N.Y. (3rd Edn.) BOB 504: Lab. work based on Course BOB501 Credits: 2 BOB 505: Lab. work based on Course BOB502 Credits: 2 BOB 506: Lab. work based on Course BOB503 Credits: 2 BOB 507 Field Study Credits: 4 SEMESTER - VI BOB 601: PLANT METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY and BIOTECHNOLOGY Credits: 4 1. Biosynthesis of carbon compounds: Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose 2. Sulphur and phosphorus metabolism: Activation and assimilation of sulphur, energy-rich phosphorus compounds; ATP synthesis - 11 -  3. Nitrogen metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation: The enzyme nitrogenase, substrate for nitrogenase, mechanism; Nitrate metabolism: Uptake and reduction into ammonia, ammonia assimilation 4. Nucleic acids: Structure and properties of different forms of DNA and RNA, DNA replication 5. Protein structure and synthesis: Basic aspects of protein conformation, protein synthesis - transcription (mRNA processing), translation (activation of amino acids, initiation, elongation, termination & release of peptides), post-translational modification of proteins 6. Enzymes: Mechanism of enzyme action, coenzymes, allosteric enzyme, isozymes 7. Biotechnological tools and techniques: Basic principles of electrophoresis and blotting, cloning vectors, molecular cloning of nucleic acid fragments 8. Recombinant DNA technology: Transgenic plant production, genetically modified crops and their importance Suggested Readings: 1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2007) Biochemistry (Sixth Edition) W.H. Freman & Company, New York. 2. Cox, M.M. and Nelson DL (2004) Lehniger Principle of Biochemistry (Third Edition) MacMillan Worth Publishers. 3. Dennis, D.T. & Turpin, D.H. (1993) Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Longman Scientific & Technical, England. 4. Dennis, D.T., Turpin, D.H., Lefebvre, D.D. & Layzel, l D.B. (1997) Plant metabolism (Second Edition) Addison Wesley Longman Ltd., England. 5. Zubay, G.L. (1993) Biochemistry (Third Edition) WmC Brown Publishers. 6. Dubey, R.C. (2006) A Text Book of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. , New Delhi 7. Lehniger, A.L. (1982) Principles of Biochemistry. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi BOB 602: MICROBIOLOGY and PLANT PATHOLOGY Credits: 4 Section A Microbiology: 1. Introduction to Archaea and Bacteria: A general account of Halobacterium, Thermoplasma, Agrobacterium and Mycoplasmas. 2. Growth of microorganisms in batch culture, measurement of microbial growth. 3. General account of bacteriophages and their nucleic acids. Structure and replication of LPP1, TMV and retroviruses. 4. Mechanisms of transformation, conjugation and transduction in bacteria 5. Fermentation technology for production of lactic and acetic acid 6. Role of microorganisms in decomposition of aromatic hydrocarbons 7. Nitrogen fixation by free-living and symbiotic microorganisms. Section B Plant Pathology: 1. Modes of infection 2. Physiology of parasitism 3. Defense mechanism in plants 4. Transmission and spread of plant diseases. 5. Principles of plant disease control 6. Causal organism, symptoms, disease cycle and control measures of the following plant diseases: Green ear disease of bajra, downy mildew of crucifers, powdery mildew of sheesham, rusts of pea and linseed, smut of bajra, wilt of tomato, bacterial blight of rice, mosaic of sugarcane and little leaf of brinjal - 12 - Suggested Readings: 1. Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., Dunlap, P.V., Clark, D.P., 2011. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 13th edition. Pearson Education Inc. 2. Stanier, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L., Painter, P.R., 1987. General Microbiology. Fifth edition, MacMillan. 3. Talaro, K.P., Chess, B., 2011. Foundation in Microbiology. 8th edition. McGraw-Hill 4. Agrios, G.N., 1988. Plant Pathology, Academic Press, London. 5. Lucas, John, A., 1998. Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens, Wiley-Blackwell, CRC Press. BOB 603: CYTOGENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Credits: 4 1. Chromosome structure: Physical, chemical, ultrastructural and molecular organisation 2. Chromosome rearrangements: meiotic configurations and genetic consequences of deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation; permanent translocation heterozygosity 3. Sources and consequences of numerical variations in chromosomes: Aneuploidy- monosomics, trisomics, nullisomics; Polyploidy-autopolyploids, allopolyploids, segmental allopolyploids, autoallopolypolids. 4. Mutation and mutagens: Types of mutation, molecular basis of mutation, physical and chemical mutagens and mechanism of their action 5. Karyotype: Concept and components of karyotype, trends of karyotype evolution, karyotypic changes in speciation and evolution of plant species 6. Gene mapping: Physical and genetic maps- deletion, linkage, somatic cell fusion and in situ hybridization, methods of gene mapping 7. Multiple alleles and multiple genes: Multiple allelism- ABO and Rh blood groups in man, eye colour in Drosophila, self sterility in plants; multiple gene inheritance- kernel colour in wheat, skin colour in human beings; quantitative characters 8. Cytoplasmic inheritance: Maternal influence- coiling in snail shells, kappa particles in Paramecium, plastid inheritance in Mirabilis jalapa, petites in fungi. Suggested Readings: 1. Robertis, De., Cell and Molecular Biology (eighth edition). 2. Snustard and Simmons, Principles of Genetics. Gardner, (fifth edition) 3. Stebbins, G.L., Variation and Evolution in Plants. 4. Swanson, C. P., Mertz, T.F. and Young, W.J., Cytogenetics: The Chromosomes in Division, Inheritance and Evolution (2nd Edn). 5. Jackson, R.C., Karyotype in Systematics In: Annual review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 2. 6. Gupta, P.K., 2007, Genetics: Classical To Modern. Rastogi Publications, Meerut. BOB 604: Lab. work based on Course BOB601 Credits: 2 BOB 605: Lab. work based on Course BOB602 Credits: 2 BOB 606: Lab. work based on Course BOB603 Credits: 2 BOB 607: DISSERTATION BASED ON REVIEW Credits: 4 - 13 - BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science SYLLABI B.Sc. (Hons.) Programme in Chemistry - 14 -  Course structure for B. Sc. (Chemistry) w.e.f. 2012-13 session Paper Credits Total Credits Semester-I CHB-101: Section A - Structure and Bonding Section B - Organic Chemistry- I 4 CHB-102/202: Chemistry Practical-I / Practical-II Practical-I: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) 6 Practical-II: Qualitative Analysis (Organic & Inorganic) 2 Semester-II CHB-201: Section A - Inorganic Chemistry-I 4 Section B - Physical Chemistry-I CHB-102/202: Chemistry Practical-I / Practical-II 2 Practical-I: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) Practical-II: Qualitative Analysis (Organic & Inorganic) CHB-02A: Ancillary Chemistry-I 2 8 Semester-III CHB-301: Section A - Organic Chemistry-II Section B - Physical Chemistry-II 4 CHB-302/402: Chemistry Practical-III / Practical-IV Practical-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) Practical-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis / Preparations 2 (Organic & Inorganic) 6 Semester-IV CHB-401: Section A - Inorganic Chemistry-II Section B - Organic Chemistry-III 4 CHB-04A: Ancillary Chemistry-II 2 CHB-302/402: Chemistry Practical-III / Practical-IV Practical-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) Practical-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis / Preparations 2 8 (Organic & Inorganic) Semester-V CHB-501: Analytical Chemistry-I 3 CHB-502: Inorganic Chemistry-III 3 CHB-503: Organic Chemistry-IV 3 - 15 - CHB-504: Physical Chemistry-III 3 CHB-505: Section A - Environmental Chemistry 4 Section B - Nuclear Chemistry CHB-506: Inorganic Chemistry Practical 2 CHB-507: Organic Chemistry Practical 2 CHB-508: Physical Chemistry Practical 2 22 Semester-VI CHB-601: Analytical Chemistry-II 3 CHB-602: Inorganic Chemistry-IV 3 CHB-603: Organic Chemistry-V 3 CHB-604: Physical Chemistry-IV 3 CHB-605: Section-A: Atomic and Molecular Structure Section-B: Application of Spectroscopic Techniques 4 CHB-606: Inorganic Chemistry Practical 2 CHB-607: Organic Chemistry Practical 2 22 CHB-608: Physical Chemistry Practical 2 Total 72 - 16 -  B.Sc. (HONS.) CHEMISTRY Semester-I CHB-101 Credits: 4 Section (A): Structure and Bonding: Credits: 2 1. Atomic Structure: Schrödinger wave equation; H atom: Radial and angular wave functions: quantum numbers and concept of orbital; Slater rules. 2. Chemical Bonding: VB and MO approach of H2 molecule; MO treatment of homonuclear and heteronuclear (CO & NO) diatomic molecules; Concept of HOMO and LUMO. VSEPR theory; Structure of simple molecules and species of main group elements. 3. Ionic Solids: Close packing, Radius ratio rule and crystal coordination number. Examples of MX and MX2 type ionic solids (NaCl and TiO2) 4. Metallic Bonding: theories of bonding in metals: Free electron, VB and Band theories. 5. Weak Interactions: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals’ interactions. Suggested Readings: 1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London. Section (B): Organic Chemistry-I : Credits: 2 Hydrocarbons: i. Alkenes: Addition reactions (electrophilic and free radical), hydration, hydroxylation, hydroboration, epoxidation, ozonolysis and polymerization. Conjugated and isolated dienes: 1,2- versus 1,4-addition. Diels - Alder reaction. ii. Alkynes: Reduction, electrophilic addition, acidity and metal acetylides. Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic substitution: SN1, SN2 mechanisms. Eliminations reactions: E1and E2 mechanisms. Elimination versus substitution reactions, energy profile diagrams-transition states (general considerations). Grignard reagents: Preparation and synthetic applications. Alcohols: Comparative study of substitution, dehydration, oxidation and esterification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Stereochemistry: Fischer, Saw-horse and Newman projection formulae. Chirality-optical activity, enantiomerism and diasteroisomerism involving one and two chiral centres. Configuration: D/L, erythrose, threose, R/S nomenclatures, geometrical isomerism - E/Z nomenclatures. Conformations of n-butane. Active methylene compounds: Preparation and synthetic applications of ethyl acetoacetate and diethyl malonate. Suggested Readings: 1. Organic Chemistry, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar, Vol. I, 6th Edition (1973), ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Organic Chemistry, Paula Y. Bruice, 2nd Edition, (1998) Prentice-Hall, International Edition. 4. Organic Chemistry, L.G. Wade Jr., M. S. Singh, 6th Edition (2008) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. - 17 - CHB-102/202 Practicals Credits: 2 Practicals-I Quantitative Analysis & (Physical and Volumetric) Kinetics of First Order reaction. Redox titration: (a) Iodometry (b) Fe2+ / K2Cr2O7 Determination of water equivalent of a calorimeter (cooling curve). Heat of neutralization (strong acid-strong base). Heat of dissociation of weak acid. Heat of solution (NH4NO3, CaCl2). Basicity of an acid by thermochemical method. Practicals-II Qualitative Analysis & (Organic and Inorganic): 1. Detection of the elements(N, S and halogens) and functional groups: PhOH, -COOH, RR’C=O, -CHO, Ar-NH2, Ar-NO2, -CONH2 2. Qualitative Inorganic Mixture Analysis: Two anions (including an interfering anion) and two cations. Note: Experiments may be added/ deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. Semester-II CHB- 201 Credits: 4 Section (A) - Inorganic Chemistry-I Credits: 2 1. Periodic trends and properties: Size: Trends in the atomic/ionic radii, Ionization energy (IE): Definition, factors affecting IEs; trends in IEs; variation in the 1st IEs of the elements. Electron affinity(EA): Definition, some values; determination of EA (Born-Haber cycle); Electronegativity: Definition, Pauling’s scale, graphical representation of % ionic character vs. E.N. differences; Mulliken’s scale; relation between Pauling’s and Mulliken’s values; Allred Rochows method, Fajan’s rules. Solubility of ionic solids - lattice and solvation energies. Use of reduction potentials. Reduction potential (Latimer) diagram, Specific illustrative examples. 2. Descriptive Chemistry of Main group elements: i. Alkali Metal Family: Solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia. Chemistry of oxides: complexation tendency (complexes, crowns and cryptands). ii. Alkaline earth metal family: Chemistry of hydrides; structure of BeH2; complexation tendency of Be & Mg [examples of [Be4O(Ac)6], [Be4O(NO3)6] and chlorophyll]. Stability of oxo-salts iii. Boron Family: Hydrides: Structures of Li[AlH4], Na[BH4], Al(BH4)3, Be(BH4)2, B2H6; Halides: Structures of BF3, BCl3 and AlCl3(dimer); Oxides / oxyacids: Structures of H3BO3 (with and without H-bonding), metaborate (chain, ring forms), Borax and peroxoborate ion. iv. Carbon Family: Principles of silicate structures; structures of: orthosilicate, pyrosilicate, cyclic silicates (Si3O96-, Si6O1812-); v. Nitrogen Family: Hydrides: Electronic structures (VB Theory) of the tri-hydrides; structure of hydrazine, NH2OH and HN3. Halides: Structure of: PCl5 (gas and solid). Oxides and oxo- acids: Structures of oxides of N (+I to +V states); P4O6, P4O10, Oxo-acids of P. vi Oxygen Family: Oxides and oxo-acids: structures of (i) oxides (SO2, SeO2, SO3), (ii) oxoacids of sulphur or their anions; (iii) H2O2(gas-phase), and (iv) halides (MX6, MX4, and MX2 series). vii. Halogen Family: Structures of (i) oxygen fluorides (OF2, O2F2, O4F2), (ii) halogen oxides (Cl2O, Br2O, ClO2, BrO2, I2O5, Cl2O6, ClO3, Cl2O7), (iii) oxo-acids (HOX, HXO2, HXO3, HXO4), (iv) Inter halogens [ClF3, BrF3, (ICl3)2, ClF5, BrF5, IF5, IF7] and (v) polyhalides (I3−, ICl2−, ICl4−) - 18 -  viii Noble gases: Structures of Xe compounds: XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO3, XeO2F2, XeOF4, XeO4, XeO3F2 and [XeO6]4−. Suggested Readings: 1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London. Section (B) – Physical Chemistry-I (Credits 2) 1. Gaseous and Liquid States: Kinetic theory of gases and ideal gas laws, collisions in a gas: collision number, collision diameter and mean free path, behaviour of real gases: van der Waals equation and its applicability, the critical state: critical constants and their determination, law of corresponding states, Surface tension of liquids: capillary action, measurement of surface tension, viscosity of liquids and its measurement, temperature effect on surface tension and viscosity. 2. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic quantities (w, q, ∆U and ∆H) for isothermal and adiabatic reversible expansion of ideal gases, variation of heat of reaction with temperature (Kirchhoff’s equation), Joule-Thomson effect, Joule-Thomson coefficient of real (van der Waals) gases, Second Law of Thermodynamics: entropy, entropy changes for an ideal gas, entropy changes at constant pressure and volume, entropy change in spontaneous processes, physical significance of entropy, Carnot cycle, free energy and maximum work functions, conditions for spontaneous changes and equilibrium, Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, van’t Hoff equation, reaction isotherm. 3. Chemical Kinetics: Zero, first and second order kinetics, determination of rate constant and order of reactions, effect of temperature on rate constant, Arrheninus equation, collision and activated complex (transition state) theories of rate of reactions. Suggested Readings: th 1. Physical Chemistry, P. C. Rakshit, 5 Edition (1988), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House, Calcutta. 2. Principles of Physical Chemistry, B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathania, 44th Edition (2009), Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar. 3. Physical Chemistry, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition, (1999) Houghton Mifflin Comp., New York, International Edition. BSC-02A Ancillary Chemistry-I (BASIC ASPECTS OF CHEMISTRY) Credits: 2 1. Molecules and Materials: Electronic basis of union of atoms leading to formation of molecules. Modes of atomic union (Ionic and Covalent bonding and their subsequent partial transformation into each other), Types of binding forces. Molecular association leading to formation of materials. 2. Chemical reactions: Thermodynamic basis of chemical changes. Enthalpy, Entropy and free energy change during a chemical change. Types of chemical reactions with special reference to redox reactions. The concept of oxidation number, Reducing and oxidizing agents. 3. Laboratory techniques in Chemistry: Distillation, fractional distillation, Reflux, Recrystallization, melting point as purity criterion of a crystalline substance. Determination of melting point of a compound, Chromatography and its few applications. 4. Chemistry in service of mankind: i. Reagents and catalysts: Fehling’s, Tollen’s, Bendict’s, and Nessler’s reagents and their applications. ii. Natural and man-made catalysts: a. Natural catalysts: Enzymes and their types, Co-enzymes, Co-factor and Prosthetic group. Denaturation of enzymes. b. Man-made catalysts: Raney nickel, vanadium peroxide - 19 -  iii. Polymers: Natural and Synthesis Natural polymers: Carbohydrates, Proteins and rubber Synthetic polymers: Synthetic rubber, Nylon, Polyethene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyester, Rayon iv Metals and Metallurgy: Role of metals in our life with special mention of Iron, Recovery of Iron from its ores, Stainless Steel, Rusting of Iron and its prevention. Suggested Readings: 1. William R. Robinson, Jerome D. Odom and Henry F. Holtzclaw, Jr., 10th Edition 1998, 2. A.I.T.B.S. Publishers & Distributors (Regd.) J-5/6 Krishna Nagar, Delhi- 110051 (INDIA). 3. Darrell D. Ebbing and Mark S. Wrighton, 5th Edition 1998, A.I.T.B.S. Publishers & Distributors (Regd.) J-5/6 Krishna Nagar, Delhi-110051 (INDIA) 4. Abraham Mazur and Benzamin Harrow, W.B. Sannders Company, Philadelphia 1971, Toppan Company, Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. CHB-202/102 Practicals Credits: 2 Practicals-I Quantitative Analysis & (Physical and Volumetric) 1. Kinetics of First Order reaction. 2. Redox titration: (a) Iodometry (b) Fe2+ / K2Cr2O7 3. Determination of water equivalent of a calorimeter (cooling curve). 4. Heat of neutralization (strong acid-strong base). 5. Heat of dissociation of weak acid. 6. Heat of solution (NH4NO3, CaCl2). 7. Basicity of an acid by thermochemical method. Practicals-II Qualitative Analysis & (Organic and Inorganic) 1. Detection of the elements(N, S and halogens) and functional groups: PhOH, - COOH, RR’C=O, -CHO, Ar-NH2, Ar-NO2, -CONH2 2. Qualitative Inorganic Mixture Analysis: Two anions (including an interfering 3. anion) and two cations. Note: Experiments may be added/ deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. Semester-III CHB-301 Credits : 4 Section (A): Organic Chemistry-II Credits: 2 1. Aromaticity: A general concept of aromaticity. Molecular orbital picture of benzene. 2. Polarity of bonds: Electronic, steric effects, hyperconjugation and their influence on acidity and basicity of organic compounds. 3. Aromatic electrophilic substitution: Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, and Friedel-Crafts (alkylation and acylation) reactions. Effects of substituents on orientation and reactivity. 4. Aryl halogen compounds: Halobenzene - nucleophilic substitution, side chain chlorination of toluene, DDT and BHC. 5. Chemistry of Carbonyl compounds: Preparations and reactions - addition and condensation reactions, Knoevenagel, Cannizzaro, Perkin, Aldol, Benzoin, haloform, Mannich, oxidation, reduction and Beckmann rearrangement reactions. Important reactions of acids, HVZ reaction, relative reactivity of acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, amides, and esters. Comparative acidity of carboxylic and sulphonic acids. Hofmann rearrangement. - 20 - 6. Phenols: General methods of preparation and reactions. Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions. Relative acidity of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid. 7. Nitrogen Containing compounds: Reduction of Nitronbenzene. Comparative basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Diazonium salts: Preparation and synthetic applications. Suggested Readings: 1. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar, [Vol. I, 6th Edition (1973), Reprinted in 1980 & Vol. II, 5th Edition (1975), Reprinted in 1996], ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Organic Chemistry, Paula Y. Bruice, 2nd Edition, (1998) Prentice-Hall, International Edition. 4. Organic Chemistry, L.G. Wade Jr., M. S. Singh, 6th Edition (2008) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Section (B): Physical Chemistry-II (Credits 2) 1. Electrochemistry: Migration of ions: transference number and their determination (Hittorf method), molar and equivalent conductances and their measurements, Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions, ionic mobilities, conductance measurements and applications to conductometric titrations, acid dissociation constant and solubility product determination. Free energy change and emf of cells, Nernst equation, single electrode potentials, reference electrodes (SHE, calomel, silver-silver chloride electrodes), emf measurements, potentiometric titrations (acid – base, redox), buffer solutions, pH determination using quinhydrone and glass electrodes, concentration cells, liquid junction potential, acid-base indicators, indicator constant. 2. Phase Equilibria: Thermodynamics of phase transition, Clapeyron-Clausius equation, phase rule, phase diagrams of one-component (water) and two component (phenol-water & Pb-Ag) systems, distribution law, application to cases for dissociation and association, determination of equilibrium constant (KI + I2 = KI3). 3. Solid State: Crystal lattices, space lattice, unit cell, crystal systems, law of rational indices, Miller indices, Bragg’s equation, crystal structure of NaCl, graphite and diamond, Schottky and Frankel defects. Suggested Readings: 1. Physical Chemistry, P. C. Rakshit, 5th Edition (1988), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House, Calcutta. 2. Principles of Physical Chemistry, B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathania, 44th Edition (2009), Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar. 3. Physical Chemistry, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition, (1999) Houghton Mifflin Comp., New York, International Edition. CHB-302/402 Credits: 2 Chemistry Practicals-III / Practicals-IV Practicals-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) Practicals-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis and Preparation of Organic & Inorganic compounds Practicals-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical and Volumetric) 1. Critical Solution Temperature of two components system (phenol-water). 2. Effect of impurity on Critical Solution Temperature. 3. Distribution of solute in two immiscible solvents (without association). 4. Distribution of solute in two immiscible solvents (with association in one solvent). - 21 -  5. Coagulation of a sol. 6. Determination of Surface Tension of liquids. 7. Determination of viscosity coefficients of liquids. 8. Complexometric titrations: Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+ with EDTA; Hardness of water. 9. Iodimetric titration. 10. Determination of pH of a given buffer. Practicals-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis and Preparation of Organic & Inorganic Compounds. 1. Identification of simple organic compounds (derivatives not included) 2. Preparation of Organic Compounds: (i) m-dinitrobenzene, (ii) Acetanilide, (iii) Bromoacetanilide, (iv) Oxidation of primary alcohols-Benzoic acid from benzylacohol, (v) azo dye 3. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds: (i) Potassium trioxalato chromate (III); (ii) CoHg(SCN)4; (iii) Cu(I) thiourea complex (iv) Bis (2, 4-pentanedionate) zinc hydrate; (v) Double salts (Chrome alum/ Mohr’s salt) Note: Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. Semester-IV CHB-401 Credits: 4 Section(A): Inorganic Chemistry-II Credits: 2 1. Acids and bases: Bronsted-Lowry, Lux-Flood, Solvent System and Lewis concepts of acids and bases; Factors affecting strengths of Lewis acids and bases. HSAB theory and applications. 2. Non-aqueous solvents: Physical properties of a solvent for functioning as an effective reaction medium, types of solvents and their general characteristics. Liq. NH3 as a non- aqueous solvent. 3. Coordination compounds: Characteristics of d- block elements with special reference to 3d series elements and coordination compounds - Werner’s theory. Isomerism, Nomenclature, Sidgwick’s EAN concept and Valence Bond Theory. Stereochemistry of coordination compounds with coordination nos. 4, 5 and 6. 4. Lanthanides: Comparative study of lanthanide elements with respect to electronic configuration atomic and ionic radii, oxidation state, lanthanide contraction. Suggested Readings: 1. Recent Aspects in Inorganic Chemistry, R. C. Aggarwal, 1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad. 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter, 4th Edition (2006), Addison Wesley Publishing Co, NY. 3. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 4. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London. CHB-401 Section (B): Organic Chemistry III Credits: 2 1. Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and chemistry of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and pyridine. 2. Poly nuclear Hydrocarbons: Chemistry of naphthalene and anthracene. 3. Carbohydrates: Characteristic reactions of aldoses and ketoses. Glucose-structure (Open and Cyclic), Mutarotation. - 22 -  4. Colour and Constitution: Synthesis of malachite green, flurorescein, synthesis and structure of Indigotin. Suggested Readings: 1. Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice- Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar, [Vol. I, 6th Edition (1973), Reprinted in 1980 & Vol. II, 5th Edition (1975), Reprinted in1996], ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi. BSC-04A Ancillary Chemistry-II (BASIC ASPECTS OF CHEMISTRY) Credits: 2 1. Union of elements and its electronic basis. Ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds. Energetics of chemical bond formation. Bond energy, average bond energy, bond lengths and bond angles. 2. Conventional and non-conventional energy sources; a. Petroleum products: their origin and separation into different fractions. Octane and Cetane number. b. Brief discussion of hydrogen-hydride and lead storage battery. 3. Brief discussion of basic concept of electrode potential and its applications in the metallurgical operations with special reference to iron. The phenomenon of rusting of iron and its prevention through anodic protection. 4. The chemical basis of photosynthesis and respiration (only elementary treatments). I. Natural: a) Photosynthesis: Light reaction, Dark reaction, Factors affecting photosynthesis, Photorespiration. b) Respiration: Discussion of the role of Heamoglobin and Myoglobin in carrying O2. Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration, different steps in aerobic respiration (in brief), respiratory quotient (RQ). II Polymers: Natural and synthetic polymers: a) Polysaccharides: carbohydrates b) Polypeptides: protein and enzymes, primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures. Molecular disease and primary structure of protein. c) Enzymes: types of enzymes, co-factor and prosthetic group, denaturation of enzyme. d) Rubber and vulcanization of rubber. III Synthetic: Polyneoprene and Bu-na-S rubber, Nylons, Polyesters, Bakelite and Teflon. Health hazards and environmental problems created by polymers. 5. Chemical Thermodynamics: Systems and surroundings. Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties, Open, closed and adiabatic systems. Spontaneous and Non- spontaneous processes. Thermodynamic basis for the spontaneity of a process. Suggested Readings: 1. William R. Robinson, Jerome D. Odom and Henry F. Holtzclaw, Jr., 10th Edition 1998, A.I.T.B.S. Publishers & Distributors (Regd.) J-5/6 Krishna Nagar, Delhi-110051 2. Darrell D. Ebbing and Mark S. Wrighton, 5th Edition 1998, A.I.T.B.S. Publishers & Distributors (Regd.) J-5/6 Krishna Nagar, Delhi-110051 3. Abraham Mazur and Benzamin Harrow, W.B. Sannders Company, Philadelphia,1971, Toppan Company, Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. - 23 - CHB-302/402 Credits: 2 Chemistry Practicals-III / Practicals-IV Practicals-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical & Volumetric) Practicals-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis and Preparation of Organic & Inorganic compounds Practicals-III: Quantitative Analysis (Physical and Volumetric) 1. Critical Solution Temperature of two components system (phenol-water). 2. Effect of impurity on Critical Solution Temperature. 3. Distribution of solute in two immiscible solvents (without association). 4. Distribution of solute in two immiscible solvents (with association in one solvent). 5. Coagulation of a sol. 6. Determination of Surface Tension of liquids. 7. Determination of viscosity coefficients of liquids. 8. Complexometric titrations: Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+ with EDTA; Hardness of water. 9. Iodimetric titration. 10. Determination of pH of a given buffer. Practicals-IV: Qualitative Organic Analysis and Preparation of Organic & Inorganic Compounds 1. Identification of simple organic compounds (derivatives not included) 2. Preparation of Organic Compounds: (i) m-dinitrobenzene, (ii) Acetanilide, (iii) Bromoacetanilide, (iv) Oxidation of primary alcohols-Benzoic acid from benzylacohol, (v) azo dye 3. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds: (i) Potassium trioxalato chromate (III); (ii) CoHg(SCN)4; (iii) Cu(I) thiourea complex (iv) Bis (2, 4-pentanedionate) zinc hydrate; (v) Double salts (Chrome alum/ Mohr’s salt) Note: Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. Semester-V CHB-501: Analytical Chemistry-I Credits : 3 1. Statistical Evaluation: Determinant and indeterminant errors, Normal error curve, Accuracy and Precision, Relative and standard deviation, Methods for minimizing errors, Criteria for rejection of observation, Significant figures and computation rules, Error propagation. 2. Precipitation: Desirable properties of gravimetric precipitates, Formation of gravimetric precipitates, Conditions for quantitative precipitations, Contamination in precipitates, Method for removal of impurities in precipitates, Steps involved in quantitative precipitation, Organic precipitants (oxine, dithizone, α-nitroso-(naphthol, cupferon, dimethyl glyoxime) in chemical analysis. 3. Analytical Reagents: Theoretical and practical aspects of the use of EDTA, cerate, iodate, bromate, chloramine-T, Karl Fischer and Malaprade (periodate) reagents in chemical analysis. 4. Recent trends for chemical analysis: Method selection, method validation, sample preparation, Analytical validation of results, LOD and LOQ, Good lab practice, Good manufacturing practice. Suggested Readings: 1. Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis’, R.L. Pecscock, L.D. Shields, T. Cairns, and I.C. Mc William, 2nd Edition (1976), John Willey, New York. - 24 -  2. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry’, S.M.Khopkar, 2nd edition (1998), New Age International Publications, New Delhi. 3. Analytical Chemistry', G.D. Christian, (2001) John Willey & sons, New York 4. Environmental Chemistry', A.K. De, 3rd edition (1994), Willey Eastern, New Delhi. CHB-502 Inorganic Chemistry-III Credits : 3 1. Theories of Metal-Ligand bonding: Limitations of valence bond theory; Crystal-field theory and crystal-field splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes. Jahn-Teller distortion. Factors affecting the crystal-field splitting. 2. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes: Types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions, spectroscopic ground states. Explanation of electronic spectra on the basis of Orgel energy level diagrams for d1, d4, d6 and d9 states. 3. Thermodynamic and Kinetic aspects of Metal Complexes: A brief outline of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability. Substitution reactions of square-planar complexes – Trans effect. 4. Organometallic Chemistry: Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic compounds. Preparation, properties, bonding and applications of alkyls and aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn, and Ti. A brief account of metal-ethylenic complexes and homogeneous hydrogenation. Suggested Readings: 1. “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London. 2. “Inorganic Chemistry”, J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter. , 4th Edition (2006), Addison Wesley Publishing Co, NY. 3. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”, R. C. Aggarwal, 1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad. 4. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 5. “Inorganic Chemistry”, A. G. Sharpe, 3rd International Student Edition (1999), ELBS / Longman, U.K. 6. “Inorganic Chemistry”, D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, 3rd Edition (1999), ELBS, London. 7. “Organometallic Chemistry - A Unified Approach”, R.C. Mehrotra and A. Singh, 2nd Ed. (2000) New Age International. 8. “Basic Organometallic Chemistry: Concepts Syntheses and Applications”, B.D. Gupta and AJ Elias; (2010) Universities Press (India) Private Ltd. Hyderabad CHB- 503 Organic Chemistry-IV Credits : 3 1. Alicyclic compounds: Cycloalkanes, general synthesis, Bayer’s strain theory. Cyclohexane: chair and boat conformations, conformation of mono substituted and disubstituted cyclohexanes. 2. Reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes. 3. Isotope effect: Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects, solvent isotopic effect and their importance in mechanistic studies. 4. Stereochemistry: Symmetry elements, symmetry operations. racemates, racemisation, resolution, pro-chirality, pro-stereoisomerism with suitable examples of one and two chiral centers. Regioselective, chemoselective and stereoselective reactions. Asymmetric induction, Cram’s rule: Addition of nucleophile to carbonyl function. Aldol reaction (achiral-achiral). 5. Photochemistry: Principles of photochemistry, photochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds and olefins. - 25 -  6. Name reactions: Wolff rearrangement, Birch reduction, Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement, Baeyer Villiger oxidation, Michael addition, Robinson annulation, Curtius reaction, Wittig reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, dienone phenol rearrangement, benzidine rearrangement. Suggested Readings: 1. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar, Vol. I and II, 5th Edition (1975), Reprinted in 1996, ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi. 2. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, 6th Edition (1997), Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D. Nasipuri, 2nd Edition (1994), Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi 4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, E.L. Eliel, S.H. Wilen and Mander, (2004) Wiley Interscience, New York. 5. Photochemistry and Pericyclic Reactions, Jagdamba Singh and Jaya Singh 2nd edition.(2012) New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi 6. Organic Chemistry, J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, and E. Wothers, (2001) Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. CHB- 504 Physical Chemistry III Credits : 3 1. Thermodynamics of Solutions: Partial molal quantities, chemical potential of a mixture of ideal gases, Gibbs-Duhem equation, chemical potential of real gases and fugacity, activity and activity coefficient, variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure, Lewis-Randall rule, thermodynamic functions of mixing (∆Gmix, ∆Smix, ∆Vmix, ∆Hmix), ideal solutions and their characteristic properties, Duhem-Margules equation and its applications, Henry and Raoult’s laws, thermodynamics of colligative properties, relative lowering of vapour pressure, freezing point depression, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure, van’t Hoff equation, measurement of osmotic pressure and determination of molecular weight of macromolecules. 2. Surface and Photochemistry: Gibbs Adsorption isotherm, Multi layer adsorption-BET equation (no derivation) and its application to surface area measurements; surface reactions: kinetics of unimolecular surface reactions, inhibition and activation energy, nature of surface. Kinetics of enzymatic reactions: Michaelis-Menten equation, effect of temperature and pH. Photochemical reactions: quantum efficiency, reasons for low and high quantum efficiency, kinetics of photochemical reactions: decomposition of HI, H2-Br2 reaction, photostationary state: dimerisation of anthracene, Stern-Volmer relation, chemical actinometers. 3. Electrochemistry: Theory of strong electrolytes: qualitative idea of Debye-Huckel theory of ion-ion interactions, Debye-Huckel limiting law for activity coefficient of ions in electrolyte solution (derivation not required), its modification for concentrated solutions, Debye-Huckel-Onsager (D-H-O) theory of electrolytic conductance: qualitative idea of electrophoretic and relaxation effects, D-H-O equation for conductance of electrolyte solutions, effect of high frequency and high field on conductance. Suggested Readings: th 1. Physical Chemistry, P. Atkins and J. De Paul, 8 Edition (2006), International Student Edition, Oxford University Press. rd 2. Physical Chemistry, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3 Edition (International Edition, 1999), Houghton Mifflin Co., New York. 3. Physical Chemistry, I.N. Levine, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Textbook of Physical Chemistry, K.L. Kapoor, vol. 5th (2005), Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi. - 26 - CHB-505 Environmental & Nuclear Chemistry Credits : 4 Section A : Environmental Chemistry Credits: 2 Concept and scope of environmental chemistry, Pollution versus contamination, Receptor, Sink, and pathways of a pollutant. Terminology (DO, BOD, COD, TLV) used in environmental analysis and their estimation, Environmental segments: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Natural cycles of the environment: hydrological cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphate cycle and sulphur cycle. Atmospheric pollution, Source of air pollution, Global warming, Ozone-hole, Auto exhaust emission and its prevention. Air quality parameters, EL-Nino phenomenon, Water pollution, Acid rains, Waste –water treatment : domestic and industrial effluents, Fluoresis, Arsenic, mercury and MIC poisoning. Current environmental issues in the national and global context. Suggested Readings: 1. Environmental Chemistry', A.K. De, 3rd edition (1994), Willey Eastern, New Delhi. Section: B Nuclear Chemistry Credits: 2 1. Nuclear Chemistry: Classification of nuclides, nuclear stability and binding energy, atomic energy. Radioactivity: general characteristics of radioactive decay kinetics, artificial radioactivity, detection and measurement of radioactivity: GM counter. 2. Nuclear Reactions: Types of nuclear reactions, conservation of linear momentum and mass- energy in nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction cross section. Compound nucleus theory and its experimental verification. Nuclear fission process, fission energy. 3. Radio chemistry: Probing by isotopes, preparation of radioisotopes, radiochemical principles in use of tracers, some typical applications: chemical, physicochemical and analytical applications, age determination. 4. Radiation Chemistry: Interaction of nuclear radiations with matter- charged particle, neutrons and gamma rays. Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions, radiation dosimetry. Suggested Readings: 1. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H.J. Arnikar, 4th Edition, (2003) New Age International Publishers, New Delhi. CHB-506 Inorganic Chemistry Practical Credits : 2 1. Chromatographic separation of metal ions. 2. Gravimetric estimation of Cations/Anions. CHB-507: Organic Chemistry Practical Credits: 2 1. Systematic identification of organic compounds (monofunctional and bi-functional) and preparation of their derivatives. CHB-508: Physical Chemistry Practical Credits: 2 1. Viscosity-composition curve for a binary liquid mixture. 2. Surface tension-composition curve for a binary liquid mixture. 3. Determination of indicator constant - colorimetry. 4. Determination of pH of a given solution using glass electrode. 5. Beer’s Law - Determination of concentration of solution by colorimetry 6. Order of reaction of I2 / Acetone / H+. 7. Equilibrium constant of methyl acetate hydrolysis reaction Note : Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. - 27 -  Semester-VI CHB-601 Analytical Chemistry-II Credits : 3 1. Solvent Extraction: Distribution law, Single extraction, Multiple extraction, Craig concept of counter-current distribution, Important solvent systems: chelate extraction, synergic extraction, extraction by solvation, ion-pair extraction 2. Chromatography: Classification of chromatographic methods, General principle and applications of adsorption, partition, ion exchange, thin layer, and paper chromatography. 3. Radio-Analytical Methods: Elementary theory, Isotope dilution and Neutron activation methods and applications. 4. Spectrophotometry: Beer's law and it's application, Nomenclature and units, General instrumentations for spectrophotometry, Spectrophotometric determinations of one Component (iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium and phosphorus) and two components (overlapping and non overlapping) systems, Spectrophotometric determination of dissociation constants of indicator, Photometric errors and RINGBOM- AYRES plots. Suggested Readings: 1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D.A. Skoog, F.J.Holler and T.A. Nieman, , 5th edition (l998), Horcourt Brace & Company, Florida. 2. Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, (2001) John Willey & sons, New York. Instrumental Methods of Analysis', H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, and J.A.Dean, 6th Edition (l986), CBS Publishers & Distributors, Shahdara, Delhi. 3. Modem Methods of Chemical Analysis, R.L. Pecscock, L.D. Shields, T.Cairns, and I.C. Mc William, 2nd Edition (l976), John Willey, New York. CHB-602 Inorganic Chemistry-IV Credits : 3 1. Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes: Types of magnetic behaviour, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility, L-S and J-J coupling, orbital contribution to magnetic moments. Correlation of magnetic moment data and stereochemistry of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes; anomalous magnetic moments. 2. Chemistry of Second and Third Transition Series: A general comparative treatment of 4d and 5d elements with their 3d analogues in respect of ionic radii, oxidation states, complex formation tendency. magnetic behaviour and electronic spectral properties. 3. Chemistry of f-block Elements: Brief account of separation of lanthanide and actinides (ion-exchange method). Complexation tendency of lanthanides. Comparative study of actinide elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, oxidation states and complex formation; 4. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Essential and trace elements in biological processes, oxygen transport with reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin; synthetic models of O2 carriers, Biological role of alkali metal ions, Vitamin B12 Suggested Readings: 1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London. 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter. , 4th Edition (2006), Addison Wesley Publishing Co, NY. 3. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, R. C. Aggarwal, 1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad. 4. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 5. Inorganic Chemistry, A. G. Sharpe, 3rd International Student Edition (1999), ELBS / Longman,U.K. 6. Inorganic Chemistry, D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, 3rd Edition (1999), ELBS, London 7. Elements of magnetochemistry, R.L. Dutta and A. Syamal, (1993) Affiliated East-West Press P.Ltd. - 28 - CHB-603 Organic Chemistry-V Credits : 3 1. Amino acids and Peptides: Amino acids - preparations, physical properties, dipolar nature, chemical reactions and configuration. Peptides: peptide linkage, peptide synthesis and structure of poly peptides. Proteins: General characteristics and secondary structure. 2. Carbohydrates: Sucrose and cellulose (Structural aspects only). 3. Polymers: Types of polymers and polymerization process: Addition (radical, ionic), step growth (condensation) and stereo controlled (coordination) polymerization mechanisms. Synthesis and uses of following polymers: (i) Plastics: PVC, PE and Teflon, (ii) Specialty polymers: Conducting & electroluminescent (Organic light emitting diodes), Liquid crystals (iii) Natural and synthetic rubber (iv) Fibers: Rayon, Polyester, Polyamides (v) Foaming agent and plasticizers (vi) Biodegradable polymers. 4. Terpenes: Occurrence, isolation, classification. Isoprene rule. Structure and synthesis of Citral and α–terpinol. 5. Vitamins and harmones? Chemical constitution and synthesis of vitamin A, vitamin C and thyroxin. 6. Heterocyclic compounds: Synthesis and chemistry of indole and quinoline. Suggested Readings: 1. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar, Vol. I & II, 5th Edition (1975) Reprinted in 1996, ELBS and Longman Ltd, New Delhi 2. Organic Polymer Chemistry, K. J. Saunders, 2nd Edition (1988), Chapman & Hall, London 3. Introduction to Synthetic Polymers, Ian M. Campbell, 2nd Edition (2000), Oxford University Press, USA 4. Principles of Polymer Science, P. Bahadur and N.V. Sastry, (2002) Narosa, New Delhi. 5. Heterocyclic Chemistry: Syntheses, Reactions and Mechanisms, R.K. Bansal, 3rd Edition (1999), New Age International, Publisher, New Delhi CHB 604 Physical Chemistry-IV Credits : 3 1. Quantum Mechanics of Simple Systems: Schrödinger’s wave equation, eigen functions, eigen values and quantum mechanical operators, expectation value of a physical quantity, orthogonality of wave functions, the particle in a one dimensional box problem and its solutions, particle in a three dimensional box, degeneracy, rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator. 2. Molecular Spectroscopy: Region of electromagnetic spectrum, emission and absorption spectra, signal to noise ratio and resolving power, width and intensity of spectral transitions, pure rotational spectra, diatomic rigid rotor molecules, effect of isotope substitution, vibrational and vibration- rotational spectra of diatomic molecules, harmonic oscillator-rigid rotor approximation, anharmonicity effect, normal modes of vibration, infrared spectra of linear and bent AB2 molecules, electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, vibrational structure, Franck-Condon principle. 3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction, chemical shifts, spin-spin splitting, relaxation times. 4. Molecular Statistics: The Boltzmann distribution, Maxwell distribution law for distribution of molecular speeds, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law for the distribution of molecular energies, partition functions, thermodynamic quantities from partition functions, Sackur-Tetrode equation for molar entropy of monatomic gases, rotational and vibrational partition functions, calculation of Gibbs free energy changes and equilibrium constant in terms of partition functions. Suggested Readings: 1. Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach, D. A. Mc Quarrie and J. D. Simon, South Asian Edition (1998), University Science Books, Sausalito CA, by Viva Books, New Delhi. - 29 -  2. Physical Chemistry, I.N. Levine, 5th Ed.(2010), Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi. th 3. Physical Chemistry, P. Atkins and J. De Paul, 8 Edition (2006), International Student Edition, Oxford University Press. 4. Physical Chemistry, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition (International Edition, 1999), Houghton Mifflin Co., New York. CHB-605 Atomic and Molecular Structure and Spectroscopic Techniques Credits : 4 Section (A) Atomic and Molecular Structure: Credits 2 1. Atomic Structure: The Hydrogen atom, atomic orbitals, variation theorem, He-atom, electron spin, Slater determinant, antisymmetry rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. 2. Molecular Symmetry: Symmetry elements and operations, point groups, symmetry species of H2O molecule. 3. Molecular Structure:Hydrogen molecule ion, LCAO- MO approach, molecular orbitals, diatomic MOs, VB approach, hybridization. Suggested Readings: 1. Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins and J. De Paula, 8th Ed.(2006), Oxford University Press. 2. Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach, D. A. Mc Quarrie and J. D. Simon, South Asian Edition (1998), University Science Books, Sausalito CA, by Viva Books, New Delhi. 3. Physical Chemistry, I.N. Levine, 5th Ed.(2010), Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Section (B) Applications of spectroscopic techniques: Credits 2 1. UV-Vis spectroscopy: π-π* and n-π* transitions, effects of substituents, conjugation and solvent polarity, effect of chain length on λmax and εmax of conjugated polyenes and polyones, Woodward- Feiser rules for calculating λmax. in conjugated systems. 2. IR spectroscopy: Molecular vibrations and IR absorption, the functional group and fingerprint regions, effect of bond orders on C-C, C-O, C-N bands, ring size and electronic effects on C=O bands using examples like 2-pentanone, 2-cyclohexanone, 2- Cyclopentanone, 2-cyclohexenone, 2-pentenone, acetophenone, methyl phenylacetate, ethylbenzoate, ethyl acetoacetate, O-H band and dilution effect in benzoic acid and an alcohol. 3. NMR spectroscopy: The chemical shifts and its scale, 1H-1H coupling and splitting pattern with examples (ethyl bromide, 1,2,2-trichloro ethane, n-propyl iodide), Interpretation of NMR spectra of limonene, -annulene, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, methyl p-toluate, ethanol, phenol, methyl salicylate, salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxy acetophenone, acetylacetone, phenylacetic acid, o-chloro aniline and N-methyl acetamide, 13C NMR chemical shifts and its scale, 1H decoupled 13C NMR spectra of fullerene, 1- and 2-butanols, methylbenzoate and phenylacetate. 4. Mass spectrometry: The mass spectrometer, EI and CI techniques, the mass spectra of straight and branched chain alkanes, the molecular ion, base and isotope peaks, fragmentation pattern of alkyl halides, ethers, alcohols and ketones, Mc Lafferty rearrangement. Suggested Readings: 1. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J. R. Dyer, (1978) Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 2. Organic Chemistry, P.Y Bruice, 2nd Edition (1998) Prentice – Hall, New Delhi. 3. Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms, P.S. Kalsi, 1st Edition (1996), New Age International Publication, New Delhi. 4. Organic Spectroscopy, W. Kemp, 3rd Ed., (1991), Macmillan, London. - 30 - CHB 606 Inorganic Chemistry Practical Credits : 2 Preparation of coordination compounds. Spectral and magnetic characterization of compounds CHB 607 Organic Chemistry Practicals Credits : 2 Preparation of the following compounds: Suphanilic acid, dibenzal acetone, methyl orange, aspirin, m-dinitrobenzene from benzene, synthesis of azalactone, phthalimide, Identification of organic functional groups by I.R. spectroscopy. CHB 608 Physical Chemistry Practicals Credits : 2 Dissociation constants of weak acid and base. Conductometric titration: acid-base. Potentiometric titration: acid-base. Kinetics of catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Kinetics of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sugar (chemical method). Determination of relative strengths of two acids by studying the kinetics of acid- catalysed ester hydrolysis. Kinetics of enzymatic reaction (starch-amylase system). Note: Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities. - 31 - BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science SYLLABI B.Sc. (Hons.) Programme in Computer Science - 32 -  B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science Syllabus Semester-wise Distribution of Courses and Credits SEMESTER I Course Code Course Title Credits BCS 101 Introduction to Computer Programming through C 4 BCS 102 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS 101 2 Total 6 SEMESTER II BCS 201 Digital Logic and Circuits 4 BCS 202 Basic Linux lab 2 BCS 203A Fundamentals of Computers 2 Total 8 SEMESTER III BCS 301 Numerical Computing 4 BCS 302 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS 301 2 Total 6 SEMESTER IV BCS 401 Computer Organization and Architecture 4 BCS 402 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS 401 2 BCS 403A Fundamental of Computing 2 Total 8 SEMESTER V BCS 501 Net Centric Computing 4 BCS 502 Operating System Concepts 4 BCS 503 Discrete Mathematical Structures 4 Any one of the following Major Elective Course: A: System Analysis and Design BCS 504(A-C) 4 B: Operation Research C: Graph Theory and Combinatorics BCS 505 Web Design Lab 3 BCS 506 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS502 3 Total 22 SEMESTER VI BCS 601 Database Management Systems 4 BCS 602 Data Structures 4 BCS 603 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS601 3 BCS 604 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS602 3 BCS 605 Project 8 Total 22 Grand Total 72 - 33 -  Detailed Curriculum SEMESTER - I BCS 101 Introduction to Computer Programming through C Credits: 4 Basic Programming Concepts: Problem solving steps using Computer. Introduction to Programming Language C: Overview of C language, Lexical elements of C, Data Types, managing input/output operations, Operators and Hierarchy of Operations, Expressions in C, Decision Making and Repetitive Statements, break, continue, Array, Pointers, dynamic memory allocation, String handling, Functions: User Defined Functions and Library Functions, Parameter Passing, Storage Classes, enumerated data types, Command line arguments, C Preprocessors, Union & Structures, File handling in C. Suggested Readings: 1. B.W. Kernighan and D.M.Ritchie, the C Programming Language, PHI. 2. R.C. Hutchinson and S.B. Just, Programming using the C Language, McGraw-Hill. 3. B.S. Gottfried, Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Programming with C, McGraw- Hill. 4. H. Schildt, C Made Easy, Osborne McGraw-Hill. 5. Y. Kanetkar, Let Us C, BPB Publications. BCS 102 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS101 Credits: 2 Programming exercises based on course BCS101. SEMESTER - II BCS 201 Digital Logic and Circuits Credits: 4 Number System: Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal numbers; Fixed and Floating Point Number Representations, number base conversion, Complements, Binary Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Binary Codes. Boolean algebra and Logic Gates: Introduction to Boolean algebra, laws of Boolean algebra, logic gates, universal logic gates, POS and SOP notations, Canonical logic forms, Logic families. Simplification of Boolean Functions: Laws of Boolean algebra and K-Maps, Tabulation Method. Combinational Circuits: Design Procedure of Combinational Circuits, Adders, Subtractors, Code Converters, Magnitude Comparator, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, ROM, PLAs, PALs. Sequential Circuits: Flip-Flops: SR, D, JK, T, Master/Slave F/F, Edge-trigerred F/F, Excitation Tables; Registers, Counters: synchronous and asynchronous, Shift Registers, RAM. Logic Families: TTL, ECL, E2L, CMOS, Characteristics of different logic families. Suggested Readings: 1. M. M. Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, PHI. 2. M.M.Mano, Computer System Architecture, PHI. 3. M.M.Mano, Digital Design, Pearson Education. 4. M. M. Mano and C. R. Kime, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals," 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 2004. 5. Malvino, Leach, Digital Principles and Applications, McGraw-Hill. 6. V. Rajaraman, T. Radhakrishnan, An Introduction to Digital Computer Design, PHI, 2006. 7. Thomas C. Bartee, Digital Computer Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill. 8. B. Streetman, Integrated Digital Circuits, PHI - 34 - BCS 202 Basic Linux Lab Credits: 2 Basic Linux commands, vi editor and elementary Shell programming BCS 203A Fundamentals of Computers Credits: 2 Introduction to Computer, Computer Generation and Classification, Computer System Hardware, Computer Memory and Storage Devices, Random Access Memory, Read Only Memory, Serial Access Memory, Input and Output Devices, Data Representation, Types of Software, Introduction to Operating System: History and Evolution and Main functions, Fundamentals of Database: Purpose and Organization of Database. Suggested Readings: 1. V.Rajaraman, Fundamentals of Computers, PHI. 2. A.Goel, Computer Fundamentals, PHI. SEMESTER - III BCS 301 Numerical Computing Credits: 4 Errors in Computer Arithmetic, Normalization. Bisection, Falsiposition and Newton-Raphson methods for solution of nonlinear equations. Errors in the solutions, Convergence of Solutions. Gauss, Gauss-Siedel and Iterative methods for system of linear equations. Ill conditioned system, Pivotal Condensation, Matrix Inversion, Eigen-values, Eigen-vector, Diagonalization of Real Symmetric Matrix by Jacobi's Method. Introduction to Finite Differences. Polynomial Interpolation using Newton's and Lagrange's formulae. Numerical Differentiation: Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson's Rule, Weddle's Rule, Gauss Quadrature Formula. Error in numerical Integration. Numerical Solution of differential Equations: Picards Method, Taylor’s Series Method, Euler’s Method, Modified Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Method, Predictor-Corrector Method. Note: Emphasis is on computational methods Suggested Readings: 1. V. Rajaraman, Computer Oriented Numerical Methods, PHI. 2. F. Acton, Numerical Methods that Work, Harper and Row. 3. S.D. Conte and C.D.Boor, Elementary Numerical Analysis, McGraw Hill. 4. S. S. Shastri, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis”, PHI. 5. C. F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley Applied Numerical Analysis, Addison Wesley. BCS 302 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS301 Credits: 2 Programming exercises based on course BCS-301 SEMESTER - IV BCS 401 Computer Organization and Architecture Credits: 4 Basic Organization: Von Neumann Machine (IAS Computer), Operational flow chart (Fetch, Execute), Instruction Cycle, Organization of Central Processing Unit, Hardwired & micro programmed control unit, Single Organization, General Register Organization, Stack Organization, Addressing modes. - 35 - Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy, Main memory (RAM/ROM chips), Associative memory, Cache memory, Virtual Memory, Memory Management Hardware. I/O Organization: Peripheral devices, I/O interface, Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input-Output Processor, and Serial Communication. I/O Controllers, Asynchronous data transfer, Strobe Control, Handshaking. Instruction Formats, Op Codes Mnemonics, Data Transfer, Arithmetic, Branch, Loop, Logical, Shift and Rotate Instructions, and String Instructions. Stacks, Calls, Returns, Near and Far Procedures, Interrupts and their Routines, Directives, Pseudo- ops, Macros and Conditional Machine Instructions, Disk File Handling, Input and Output Instructions, Device Drivers. Suggested Readings: 1. Y.C. Liu and G.A. Gibson : Microcomputer System – 8086/8088 Family (P.Hall) 2. P. Abel : IBM PC Assembly Language Programming (PHI) 3. M. Thorn : Programming the 8086/8088 (Benjamin) 4. J.P. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill. 5. M. M. Mano, Computer System Architecture, PHI. 6. M. M. Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design (PHI). 7. V. Rajaraman, T. Radhakrishnan, An Introduction to Digital Computer Design, PHI, 2006. 8. William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing For Performance, Prentice Hall, 2005. BCS 402 Lab. Exercises based on course BCS401 Credits: 2 Programming exercises based on course BCS401 BCS 403A Fundamentals of Computing Credits: 2 Introduction: Characteristics of Computers, Evolution of Computing, Binary Number Systems, Types of Computer Software, Software Development Steps, Types of Programming Languages, Internet Evolution, Basic Internet Terminology, Getting Connected to Internet Applications. Problem Solving Techniques using Computers: Algorithm, Flow Charts, Pseudocode. Suggested Readings: 1. E Balagurusamy: Computing Fundamentals & C programming, TMH. 2. A.P. Godse and D.A. Godse: Fundamental of Computing and Programming (Technical Publications). SEMESTER - V BCS 501 Net Centric Computing Credits: 4 Data Communication and Networking: Background and history of networking and the Internet, Network architectures, Network standards and standardization bodies, The ISO 7-layer reference model in general and its instantiation in TCP/IP; Circuit switching and packet switching, Streams and Datagrams. Physical layer networking concepts (theoretical basis, transmission media, standards);Data link layer concepts (framing, error control, flow control, protocols); Internetworking and routing (routing algorithms, internetworking, congestion control); Transport layer services (connection establishment, performance issues). Applications, Protocols at the application layer; Domain names and name services, Issues for Internet service providers (ISPs), Network Security, Overview of the issues of network management, Quality of service issues: performance, failure recovery, and World Wide Web. - 36 - Suggested Readings: 1. Comer, Douglas E. Computer Networks and Internets with Applications, 3/e Prentice Hall 2001. 2. Peterson & Davie Computer Networks 2nd ed. Morgan Kaufman 2000. 3. Stallings, William Data & Computer Communications 7th ed. Prentice-Hall 2003. 4. Tanenbaum, Andrew Computer Networks 4th ed. Prentice-Hall 2002. BCS 502 Operating System Concepts Credits: 4 Introduction: Definition, Design Goals, Evolution; Batch processing, Multi-programming, Time sharing; Structure and Functions of Operating System. Process Management: Process states, State Transitions, Process Control Structure, Context Switching, Process Scheduling, Threads. Memory Management: Address Binding, Dynamic Loading and Linking Concepts, Logical and Physical Addresses, Contiguous Allocation, Fragmentation, Paging, Segmentation, Combined Systems, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Page fault, Page replacement algorithms, Global Vs Local Allocation, Thrashing, Working Set Model, Paging. Concurrent Processes: Process Interaction, Shared Data and Critical Section, Mutual Exclusion, Busy form of waiting, Lock and unlock primitives, Synchronization, Classical Problems of Synchronization, Semaphores, Monitors, Conditional Critical Regions, System Deadlock, Wait for Graph, Deadlock Handling Techniques: Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery. File and Secondary Storage Management: File Attributes, File Types, File Access Methods, Directory Structure, Allocation Methods, Free Space management; Disk Structure, Logical and Physical View, Disk Head Scheduling, Protection & Security. Suggested Readings: 1. Silberschatz and Galvin, Operating System Concepts 6/ed, Addison Wesley. 2. William Stalling, Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles 5/ed, PHI. 3. Tanenbaum, Modern operating Systems, PHI. 4. Peterson and Silberschatz, Operating System Concepts, Addison Wesley. 5. P. B. Hansen, Operating System Principles, PHI. 6. A. N. Haberman, Introduction to Operating System Design, Galgotia. BCS 503 Discrete Mathematical Structures Credits: 4 Sets, Relations & Functions: Property of binary relations, equivalence, compatibility, partial ordering relations, hasse diagram, functions, inverse functions, composition of functions, recursive functions. Mathematical Logic: Logic operators, Truth tables, Theory of inference and deduction, mathematical calculus, predicate calculus, predicates and quantifiers. Boolean Algebra: Truth values and truth tables, the algebra of propositional functions, Boolean algebra of truth values. Combinatorics & Recurrence Relations: Permutation, Combination, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, Recurrence Relations, Generating Functions Graph theory: Basic Concepts of Graphs and Trees, Adjacency and Incidence Matrices, Spanning Tree, Transitive Closure, Shortest Path, Planar Graphs, Graph Coloring, Eularian and Hamiltonian graphs, Applications of Graph Theoretic Concepts to Computer Science Suggested Readings: 1. J.P. Trembley and R.P. Manohar, Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer Science, McGraw Hill. - 37 -  2. Dornhoff and Hohn, Applied Modern Algebra, McMillan. 3. N. Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science, PHI. 4. R. Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics, Pearson Education, 2001. 5. R. P. Grimaldi, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, Pearson Education, 1999. 6. C.L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics, McGraw-Hill. 7. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics, Tata McGraw Hill. BCS 504A System Analysis and Design Credits: 4 Introduction to System Software: Software crisis, Software Characteristics, Development life cycle, Specification, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Testing. Modular top-down analysis, design and testing, Project Feasibility, System Requirements Analysis, Fact Finding Techniques, Data Flow Diagram, Data Dictionary, Decision Tree, Decision Tables, Structured English, Systems Proposal. System Design, CASE tools for system analysis and design, data modeling and process modeling (data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams), traditional and prototyping approaches, Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling, design and development of relational database systems. I/O design, input validation and user interface design (GUI). Suggested Readings: 1. Elias M. Awad, Systems Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Professional. 2. Jeffery L. Whitten, Lonnie D. Bentley and Kevin C. Dittman, Systems Analysis and Design Methods, McGraw-Hill. 3. Kenneth E. Kendall, Systems Analysis and Design, Pearson Education. 4. Valacich Joseph S., George Joey F., Hoffer Jeffrey A, Essentials of Systems Analysis And Design, Prentice Hall of India. 5. V. Rajaraman, “System Analysis and Design”, Prentice Hall. 6. J.A. Sern, “Analysis & Design of Information System”, McGraw Hill. BCS 504B Operation Research Credits: 4 Network Analysis: Terminology of network, shortest route problem, minimal spanning tree problem and max-flow problem. Project Scheduling by PERT, CPM: Diagram, representation, critical path calculation, construction of time chart and resource labeling, probability and cost consideration in project scheduling, project control. Linear Programming: Simplex method, Revised simplex method, Duality in Linear programming, Application of Linear Programming to Economic and Industrial Problems. Nonlinear Programming: The Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Quadratic programming, Convex programming. Replacement Models: Introduction, Replacement policies for items whose efficiency deteriorates with time, Replacement policies for items that fail completely. Sequencing Model: Classification of self problems, processing of n jobs through two machines, three machines, processing of two jobs through m machines. Suggested Readings: 1. Taha, Operations Research, Macmillan. 2. B.E. Gillet, Introduction to Operations Research, McGraw-Hill. 3. S.S. Rao, Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern. 4. G. Hadley, Linear programming, Addison-Wesley. - 38 - BCS 504C Graph Theory and Combinatorics Credits: 4 Graph Theory: Basic definitions, Trees, cycles, bipartite graphs and other basic concepts. Matchings in bipartite graphs; Hall’s theorem and its variants. Euler circuits and Hamilton cycles. Turan’s theorem. Planar graphs; the five colour theorem. Combinatorics: Introduction to combinatorics, The Pigeonhole Principle, Permutations and Combinations Binomial identities, combinatorial proofs, binomial and multinomial theorems. The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, permutations with forbidden positions, circular permutations with fo