SCP-REED2 St. John Paul II College of Davao PDF

ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING Reed 2 – The Life and Works of St. John Paul II This Simplified Course Pack (SCP) is a draft version only and may not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of the Academic Council of SJPIICD. Contents of this SCP are only intended for the consumption of the students who are officially enrolled in the course/subject. Revision and modification process of this SCP are expected. SCP-Reed 2 | 1 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached By 2023, a recognized professional institution providing quality, Vision economically accessible, and transformative education grounded on the teachings of St. John Paul II. Serve the nation by providing competent JPCean graduates through quality teaching and learning, transparent governance, holistic student Mission services, and meaningful community-oriented researches, guided by the ideals of St. John Paul II. Respect Hard Work Perseverance Core Values Self-Sacrifice Compassion Family Attachment Inquisitive Ingenious Graduate Attributes Innovative Inspiring Course Code/Title Reed 2 / The life and works of St. John Paul II This course enables the student to know the humble and religious life of St. John Paul II. It will also provide guidance to the unpleasant situation during his early years which strengthened his faith. This Course Description subject will also enable learners to discover his spirituality and ministry as priest, bishop and pope. This will prepare students to be docile to the teachings, spirituality and influence of St. John Paul II and its application to their lives. Course Requirement Reflection Paper Time Frame 54 Hours “Based 40” Cumulative Averaging Grading System Grading System Periodical Grading = Attendance (5%) + Participation (10%) + Quiz (25%) + Exam (60%) Final-Final Grade = Prelim Grade (30%) + Midterm Grade (30%) + Final Grade (40%) Contact Detail Dean/Program Head Amie P. Matalam, LPT, MM (09953860989) SCP-Reed 2 | 2 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Course Map Reed 2- Simplified Course Pack (SCP) SCP-Topics: Prelim Period SCP- Topics: Midterm Period SCP- Topics: Final Period Creation of World Youth Day: A Week 1 The early life of St. John Paul II Week 7 The clandestine seminary Week 13 program for young people to experience Christ in the midst Week 2 His Basic education and formation As a young priest and auxiliary Week 8 Week 14 Apologies of the Pope bishop Week 3 The High school years Teachings about communion and Week 9 Archbishop and Cardinal Week 15 love Week 4 The college life Week 10 Election as Pope Week 16 The relations with other religion The decision to enter in the Pastoral Travel visits of the Pope Week 5 Week 11 Week 17 His beatification and canonization seminary to the world. Week 6 Preliminary Examination Week 12 Midterm Examination Week 18 Final Examination Course Outcomes 1. Discuss the life of St. John Paul II, the Patron of the school. 2. Recognize the spiritual teaching and influences of St. John Paul II. 3. Reflect the pontifical legacy of St. John Paul II SCP-Reed 2 | 3 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Welcome Aboard! This course covers the main premises of reason on which the act of divine faith depends as on its rational foundation. SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Week 1 The early life of St. John Paul II Lesson Title The Early life of St. John Paul II Learning Outcome(s) Trace the early beginning of his life. At SJPIICD, I Matter! I LEARNING NTENT! Terms to Ponder This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified course pack of Reed 2. As you go through the labyrinth of learning, in case you will be confronted with difficulty of the terms, just refer to the defined terms for you to have a clear picture of the learning concepts. Wadowice - is a small city fifty kilometres southwest from Kraków, Poland. Auschwitz – was the largest and deadliest of six dedicated extermination camps where hundreds of thousands of people were tortured and murdered during World War II and the Holocaust under the orders of Nazi dictator, Adolf Hitler. Anti-semitism – refers to hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group. Jozef Pilsudski – in full Józef Klemens Piłsudski, (born December 5, 1867, Żułów, Poland, Russian Empire [now in Lithuania]—died May 12, 1935, Warsaw, Poland), Polish revolutionary and statesman, the first chief of state (1918–22) of the newly independent Poland established in November 1918. After leading a coup d’état in 1926, he rejected an offer of the presidency but remained politically influential while serving as minister of defense until 1935. SCP-Reed 2 | 4 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Essential Content Introduction. The life of a saint is one in which the Gospel is luminous. In this way, the Church has received an inestimable gift in St. John Paul II. Through his life, he has shown the radiation of the fatherhood of God in humanity, or what St. Paul calls the "newness of life in Christ" (Cf. Rom. 6: 4). The Date and Place of Birth. He was born on May 18, 1920 in Wadowice near the city of Kraków in southern Poland. He is the youngest of three children. Although he was born into a loving family, his early life was marked by suffering and loss because one by one eventually they passed away leaving him the sole surviving member in the family. He lost his mother, father, and older brother before his 21st birthday. He was known to his friends as Lolek, and growing under the loving guidance of his father, he was a vibrant youth, athletic, studious and a gifted theatrical performer. The family stayed in an apartment whose windows looked out on the Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he would worship and serve as an altar boy. For almost a hundred years the portrait of Our Lady of Perpetual Help hung in the church, and young Karol Wojtyla developed a profound and personal devotion to her image. The Reception of the Sacrament of Baptism. Baptism is the sacrament of salvation: an encounter with God that cleanses us from sin and makes us true children of God, sharing in his very own divine life. This great gift is offered to all who believe and to the children of families of faith. Since her earliest days, the Church has baptized adults and children because it is the only ordinary way God has revealed that we may receive the grace of salvation through this sharing in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ as St. Paul teaches in Romans chapter 6: We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness of life… if we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him… So, you also must consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus. (Romans 6:3, 8, 11) SCP-Reed 2 | 5 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Karol was baptized on June 20, 1920, in the Chapel of the Holy Family of the Basilica of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Wadowice, southern Poland. When he became pope, he returned to the basilica in 1999, Pope John Paul II said: “With profound veneration I... embrace the threshold of the house of God, the parish church of Wadowice, and in it the baptistery, in which I was joined to Christ and received into the community of his Church.” He was baptized by Fr. Franciszek Zak. He was nine years old when he received his First Communion and eighteen when he received the Sacrament of Confirmation. The derivation of his baptized name. The baptized name of the Pope is Karol Josef Wojtyla. The Parents might have chosen the name Karol for his father and Jozef (Josef) in honor of the victorious Jozef Pilsudski. Or it is also possible that Karol Wojtyla, a long time and military officer in the Astro-Hungarian Empire, picked the two names for his son in honor of the last reigning Hapsburg: Francis joseph I (Franz Jozef in Polish), and Charles I (Karol in Polish) The Parents. His father was Karol Józef Wojtyła (senior), born 18 July 1879 in Lipnik (now part of Bielsko-Biała). He earned his livelihood as a tailor until he was drafted into the Austrian army in 1900. The military became his lifetime career. He was a non-commissioned officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army and a captain in the Polish Army. He died in 1941. According to Karol, his father was a deeply religious man. Day after day he was able to observe the austere way in which he lived. Karol said, “My father’s words played a very important role because they directed me toward becoming a true worshiper of God.” His mother was Emilia Wojtyła, née Kaczorowska. She was born 26 March 1884 in Biała, Poland. Her parents were Anna Maria (Scholz) and Feliks Kaczorowski. Her name would later be given to a road tunnel built in Silesia, in March 2010 (Tunnel Emilia). As a mother, Emilia adored karol. She told the neighbors that he would be a great man, a priest. She was a school teacher. She taught him how to make the sign of the cross himself. She read Scripture with him. But she was often in bed, suffering from inflammation of both heart and kidney. She was increasingly nervous, melancholy, and silent. She died on April 13, 1929 in Wadowice, Poland when Karol was eight. The pope's adoration of his young mother is well-known. He has said she was "the soul of home." When she died, his father took him to Kalwaria, a Marian shrine close to Wadowice. Karol's lifelong devotion to the Virgin began on that trip after he lost his mother. SCP-Reed 2 | 6 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The siblings. Karol was the youngest of the three children in the family. The name of his older brother is Edmund while the name of his older sister is Olga. His older sister Olga died during infancy around 1914 so she died before his (karol) birth. He was close to his brother Edmund, nicknamed Mundek, who was 13 years his senior. Karol was only 12 years old when his older brother Edmund died because of his worked as a physician. He got a scarlet fever that led to his death, a loss that affected him deeply. Environmental influence. Wojtyła’s childhood coincided with the only period of freedom that Poland would know between 1772 and 1989: the two decades between Marshal Józef Piłsudski’s defeat of the Soviet Red Army in 1920 and the German invasion in 1939. Wojtyła thus grew up experiencing national freedom but also understanding its vulnerability. Although Wadowice, a town of about 8,000 Catholics and 2,000 Jews, lay only 15 miles (24 km) from the future site of Auschwitz, a Nazi death camp, there was apparently little anti- Semitism in the town before the war. One of Wojtyła’s close boyhood friends was a son of the leader of Wadowice’s Jewish community. As a boy, Wojtyła was athletic, often playing football as goalkeeper. During his childhood, Wojtyła had contact with Wadowice large Jewish community. School football games were often organised between teams of Jews and Catholics, and Wojtyła often played on the Jewish side. "I remember that at least a third of my classmates at elementary school in Wadowice were Jews. At elementary school there were fewer. With some I was on very friendly terms. And what struck me about some of them was their Polish patriotism." It was around this time that the young Karol had his first serious relationship with a girl. He became close to a girl called Ginka Beer, described as "a Jewish beauty, with stupendous eyes and jet-black hair, slender, a superb actress. Though “dating” might not accurately describe their relationship, she was the first and possibly only young woman with whom he had a romantic relationship. Reflection. Knowing the family of the Pope, lead me to realize the importance of religious upbringing in the family. The Parents of Karol made a great role in shaping the holy and great man- St. John Paul II. “The Wojtyła’s were able to create such an atmosphere at home and form children in such a way that they became outstanding people.” SCP-Reed 2 | 7 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. Search Indicator Barnes J. et al. John Paul II: His life and Papacy. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 5, 2021 from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pope/etc/bio.html Blakemore, W. (N.D.). St. John Paul II. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II John Paul II. (2014). Retrieved Jan 6, 2021 from https://www.biography.com/religious- figure/john-paul-ii LoyolaPress. John Paul II: A Biographical Sketch. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 8, 2021 from https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/scripture-and-tradition/church- leadership/pope-john-paul-ii-a-biographical-sketch/ SAINT JOHN PAUL II. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 7, 2021 from https://www.jp2shrine.org/en/about/jp2bio.html LET’S INITIATE! Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your answers on the space provided below every after each question. 1. When and where was St. John Paul II born? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the baptized name of St. John Paul II? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Who are the siblings of St. John Paul II? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NQUIRE! Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer to each of the questions below. 1. Describe the parents of Karol. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ SCP-Reed 2 | 8 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached 2. Describe Karol as a boy. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NFER! Activity 1. 1. Draw something that will best symbolize your own family. SCP-Reed 2 | 9 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Week 2 The Pope’s basic education and formation Lesson Title The Pope’s basic education and formation Identify the qualities of being a good student as exemplified by Learning Outcome(s) young Karol. At SJPIICD, I Matter! I LEARNING NTENT! Terms to Ponder Juliusz Slowacki - is Poland's great Romantic poet, playwright and visionary philosopher. Born 1809 in Krzemieniec, died 1849 in Paris. Adam Bernard Mickiewicz – was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. A principal figure in Polish Romanticism, he is one of Poland's "Three Bards" and is widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. Cyprian Kamil Norwid – a.k.a. Cyprian Konstanty Norwid, was a nationally esteemed Polish poet, dramatist, painter, and sculptor. He was born in the Masovian village of Laskowo-Głuchy near Warsaw. One of his maternal ancestors was the Polish King John III Sobieski. Neoclassical – was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Marcin Wadowita - was a Polish priest, theologian, professor and the Deputy Chancellor of the Jagiellonian University. He was born in Wadowice. He later funded several buildings there. He studied at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and abroad - in Rome. SCP-Reed 2 | 10 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Essential Content Introduction. The young Karol Wojtyła was an outgoing youth, though always with a serious side. He excelled in academics and dramatics, played football (soccer), and, under his father’s guidance, lived a disciplined life of routine religious observance. He regularly assisted Father Kazimierz Figlewicz, his confessor and first teacher in Catholicism, in Wadowice’s main church, which was next door to the Wojtyła family’s tiny apartment. He is always grateful to his teachers. He said years later when he became pope, “What do I owe to the Polish school? It is difficult to measure it, it is difficult to balance it, because we carry it in us so much that we simply identify with it. That's us! It has been given to us. It has been inculcated in us. A human being can be himself through culture. (...) I would like to kiss the hands of all my teachers and all the catechists who taught me in the primary school, in the middle school, until the graduation exam, laying the foundation for the future of man. The School attended in elementary. Karol Wojtyła spent the first 18 years of his life in Wadowice. When he was 6 years old, he went to the Elementary School, and when he was 10 years old to the eight- year-long Middle School, finished with matriculation exam. He believed that he owed the foundation for his future to no other but to the Polish school and its teachers. He emphasized that through culture, learnt at school, one can be oneself. Karol Wojtyła began his education at the Marcin Wadowita Male Elementary School on 15 September 1926. The school was located in the building of the town hall at the main square in Wadowice. The ground floor of the building housed the municipal offices, restaurant and confectionery “Oaza” of Jan Hyłka, and the school was located on upper floors. At that time, the learning conditions were difficult because there were a lot of children and very few teachers (there were 9 teachers per 320 students). In the interwar period, the classrooms were very crowded and poorly ventilated, and often very poorly lit. The school had to operate double shifts. Due to small financial resources, the school was missing adequate school equipment. The curriculum of the school at that time included Polish language, history and geography. After school, children spent little time playing, because immediately afterwards they started to do their homework and learn. SCP-Reed 2 | 11 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Maria Janina Kaczorowa, a neighbour of Mr. and Mrs. Wojtyła, recalled that during this period of his life Karol was a slender, pale and short-haired boy, usually dressed in shorts. He was also always very polite and well-behaved and obedient to his parents and older brother. One day, a teacher from the elementary school, Mrs. Bernhardt, called little Karol into the teachers' room. There was nobody there at the time. Then, Lolek heard that he had to be brave because his mother died. She explained to the boy that his dad asked her to do it because he couldn't do it himself. It was then that little Karol understood what had happened. The death of his mother did not affect Karol's grades, but the little boy was not as cheerful and confident as before. Only after some time he did recover and became more cheerful and participated in the games with his peers. Out of 60 students in their class, he got top grades from day one and showed early on the inquisitive, contemplative, philosophical bent that would be a hallmark of his adult personality. Karol as a student in the Middle School. Karol Wojtyła passed his entrance exams at the end of June 1930 and became a student of the Marcin Wadowita Public Middle School. A few years earlier (1924), his older brother Edmund graduated with honours from the same school. At that time, the level of teaching in the middle school was high. The teachers were very well prepared for their profession, and among them, there were outstanding teachers. The building at that time was smaller because it had no gymnasium, and on the first floor, instead of classrooms, there was a director's flat. Narrow and dark corridors led to classrooms and workshops, where tiled stoves and rows of double benches stood. As there was no gymnasium, young people were taken to sports activities to the “Sokół” (“Falcon”) building. The life of Karol Wojtyła, as a middle school student, was rather orderly. After breakfast, he went to the parish church, then he went to school, where he spent time between 8.00 AM and 2.00 PM. Then, he would come home for dinner, after which he would study and do his homework. If he had to prepare a lot for the next day, he studied until evening. SCP-Reed 2 | 12 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Karol initially read books suggested to him by his father and Fr. Kazimierz Figlewicz, and then he started to choose his own literature. He reached for “top-shelf” works that were difficult for his age. He also chose the classics of the Polish literature, such as: C. K. Norwid, A. B. Mickiewicz, and J. Słowacki. Because the humanities middle school in Wadowice had a neoclassical profile, the curriculum included Latin and Greek. The students were taught not only grammar, but also correct pronunciation. Jerzy Kluger remembered that whenever Karol came by, his father, Wilhelm, spoke to him in Latin. John Paul II himself, years later, remembered that learning classical languages was something wonderful. The atmosphere during lessons was different, depending on the subject, and sometimes the students played tricks on their teachers. One day, the boys nailed professor Józef Heriadin's wellingtons boots to the floor with nails and then glued the sleeves of his coat. Kluger was always among the suspects, but never Wojtyła. Those who knew Wojtyła well valued his subtle sense of humour. He had a philosophical disposition and was a bit reserved that made him respectable. Everyone felt that it was not appropriate for Karol to behave differently or to speak brutally or indecently. Often, when the boys joked about each other, they also joked about him, and he said: Oh, you stupid, stupid! and he was never offended by it. As a high school student in his hometown of Wadowice, in southern Poland, he impressed classmates by the intense way he would pray in church, a habit of deep meditation that remained with him for life. Academic Performance. Karol was a distinguished but modest student. When no one in the class could answer the professor's question, Wojtyła was called to answer it. His colleagues documented that he never allowed them to copy his work because he thought it was fraudulent. But when they had an extremely difficult phrase to be translated from Latin, he allowed them to copy his work. Indeed, he was first in the class. Both teachers and middle school students had a great influence on the formation of young Wojtyła. He met valuable people in each of these groups. It was a public school, so it included children from different social, economic and religious backgrounds. Eight years of SCP-Reed 2 | 13 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached education resulted in lasting friendships, which later Karol continued as a bishop, cardinal and then as the Pope John Paul II. The extracurricular activities participated in High School. In high school, he joined and soon became president of The Society of Mary (a lay society, not to be confused with the Marianists). It is a group that was devoted to the Virgin Mary. In those days, this position was really a great honor for a young boy. Reflection. For our reflection, I want you all to reflect being grateful to where we started. I will share to you the content of his speech when Karol went back to his hometown during His Apostolic Pilgrimage to Poland already as a Pope. It was a speech delivered last June 7, 1979 in his visit to His hometown Parish Church. Here is the speech: “Dear People of Wadowice, It is with deep emotion. that I arrive today in the town of my birth, in the parish in which I was baptized and accepted as part of the ecclesial community, and in the surroundings to which I was linked for eighteen years of my life, from when I was born to when I left school. I want to thank you for greeting me, and also to greet and welcome all of you cordially. Many years have gone by since I lived in Wadowice and there have been changes. So, I greet the new inhabitants of Wadowice, but I do so while thinking of the former inhabitants, that generation that lived its youth here in the period between the first world war and the second. In mind and heart, I go back to the elementary school in Rynek (Market Square) and to the Wadowice secondary school dedicated to Marcin Wadwita that I went to. In mind and heart, I go back to those who grew up with me, the boys and girls who were with me in school, and to our parents and teachers. Some of those who grew up with me are still here and I greet them with special cordiality. Others are scattered throughout Poland and the world, but they too will come to know of this meeting between us. We know how important are the first years of life, of childhood and of youth for the development of human personality and character. These are the very years that bind me inseparably to Wadowice, to the town and the area around it, to the River Skawa and the Beskid Range. For that reason, I have wanted very much to come here, in order to thank God with you for all the blessings that I have received. My prayer is for so many people who have died, beginning with my parents, my brother and my sister, whose memory is linked for me with this city. On the human level, I want to express my feelings of deep gratitude to Monsignor Edward Zacher, who was my religion teacher in the Wadowice secondary school, who later gave the talk at my first Mass and at my first celebrations as Bishop, Archbishop and Cardinal here in the Church of Wadowice, and who finally has spoken again today on the occasion of this new stage in my life, which cannot be explained except by the boundless mercy of God and the exceptional protection of the Mother of God. When in thought I look back over the long path of my life, I reflect on how the surroundings, the parish and my family brought me to the baptismal font of the church of Wadowice, where I was, given on 20 June 1920 the grace to become a son of God, together with faith in my Redeemer. I have already solemnly kissed this font in the year of the Millennium of the Baptism of Poland, when I was Archbishop of Krakow. Today I wish to kiss it again as Pope, successor of Saint Peter. I wish to fix my gaze on the face of the Mother of Perpetual Help in her image at Wadowice. I ask all of you to surround me with unceasing prayer before the image of this Mother.” SCP-Reed 2 | 14 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached [(© Copyright 1979 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana). Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/1979/june/documents/hf_jp- ii_spe_19790607_polonia-wadowice.html ] SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. Search Indicator Barnes J. et al. John Paul II: His life and Papacy. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 5, 2021 from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pope/etc/bio.html Blakemore, W. (N.D.). St. John Paul II. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II John Paul II. (2014). Retrieved Jan 6, 2021 from https://www.biography.com/religious- figure/john-paul-ii LoyolaPress. John Paul II: A Biographical Sketch. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 8, 2021 from https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/scripture-and-tradition/church- leadership/pope-john-paul-ii-a-biographical-sketch/ SAINT JOHN PAUL II. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 7, 2021 from https://www.jp2shrine.org/en/about/jp2bio.html Karol Wojtyla Foot trail. (N. D.). Former Marcin Wadowita Elementary School. Retrieved from https://www.it.wadowice.pl/en/karol-wojtyla-foot-trail/objects/town-hall-formerly- the-men-s-primary-school.html LET’S INITIATE! Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your answers on the space provided below every after each question. 1. When and where did St John Paul II attend his primary school? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. When and where did St John Paul II attend his high school? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What is his academic performance? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ SCP-Reed 2 | 15 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached I LET’S NQUIRE! Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer to each of the questions below. 1. Describe Karol as a student. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the school attended by Karol. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NFER! Activity 1. Describe your own standard of a good student. SCP-Reed 2 | 16 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Week 3 The Pope’s Challenging College Experience Lesson Title The Pope’s Challenging College experience Learning Outcome(s) Identify the adversity skill of Young Karol as a College student. At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder Philology - refers to the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages. Jagiellonian University – was also known as the University of Kraków and is a research university in Kraków, Poland. Krakow – is traditionally known as Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Old Church Slavonic – was also called Old Slavonic was the first Slavic literary language. It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day. Essential Content Introduction. After graduating from secondary school as valedictorian, and after fulfilling his obligation doing military service in road construction, Father and son moved from Wadowice to Kraków. Krakow is the ancient Royal Capital of Poland and the Country ‘s intellectual center. It was here where Wawel Cathedral was located. Here, they lived in his uncle’s house in the small dark basement which they rented with a very low rate. The Jagiellonian University. After completing his studies at the Marcin Wadowita high school in Wadowice, in the summer of 1938 Karol Wojtyła enrolled at Jagiellonian University in the autumn semester. In his freshman year, Wojtyła studied Philosophy, Polish language and Literature, Introductory Russian, and Old Church SCP-Reed 2 | 17 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Slavonic. The said University was founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great. It is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe, and one of the oldest surviving universities in the world. Notable alumni include astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, poet Jan Kochanowski, Polish King John III Sobieski, constitutional reformer Hugo Kołłątaj, chemist Karol Olszewski, anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski, writer Stanisław Lem, and President of Poland Andrzej Duda. It was the most highly respected scholarly institution in Poland and was a perfect fit for Karol for it operated at the highest academic standard. The school was closed the next year by Nazi troops during the German occupation of Poland. Karol as a University student. While studying such topics as philology and various languages, he worked as a volunteer librarian and was required to participate in compulsory military training in the Academic Legion, but he refused to fire a weapon. He performed with various theatrical groups and worked as a playwright. At the end of the 1938-39 academic year, he played Sagittarius in a fantasy-fable, “The Moonlight Cavalier,” produced by an experimental theatre troupe. He also took private lessons in French and in a school for drama. During this time, his talent for language blossomed, and he learned as many as 15 languages — Polish, Latin, Italian, English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Luxembourgish, Dutch, Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Slovak and Esperanto, nine of which he used extensively as pope. One should not be surprised that he committed in himself attending 36 hours of classes a week although according to the university regulations, he needed to register for ten. In spite of his hectic schedule, he still had time for many other activities outside the university. He renewed his old acquintances with Fr. Figlewics who was the priest of Wawel Parish by being a regular server at Holy mass. In his local parish in Debniki, he helped the Salesian Fathers in their work with young people (Karolak, 1979). World War II Outbreak. World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. The war between the U.S.S.R. and Germany began on June 22, 1941, with the German invasion of the Soviet Union. By the early part of 1939 the German dictator Adolf Hitler had become determined to invade and occupy Poland. Poland, for its part, had guarantees of French and British military support should it be SCP-Reed 2 | 18 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached attacked by Germany. Hitler intended to invade Poland anyway, but first he had to neutralize the possibility that the Soviet Union would resist the invasion of its western neighbour. Secret negotiations led on August 23–24 to the signing of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in Moscow. In a secret protocol of this pact, the Germans and the Soviets agreed that Poland should be divided between them, with the western third of the country going to Germany and the eastern two-thirds being taken over by the U.S.S.R. The Occupation of Poland. On September 1, 1939, the Germans and the Russians invaded Poland and divided Poland into east and west zones, with the center zone called “General government” situated in Krakow. As Wadowice was situated in the west, it became part of Germany as with the nearby Polish town called Oswiecim or in German Auschwitz. Wadowice became annexed to the German Reich. Soon after the Nazis launched their invasion from the west, the Soviets entered Poland from the east, seizing their share in the partition agreed upon by Germany and Russia. When the invasion began, Karol was assisting priest during mass at Wawel Cathedral. At the outbreak of War, Karol and his father fled eastwards from Kraków with thousands of other Poles. They sometimes found themselves in ditches, taking cover from strafing Luftwaffe aircraft. After walking 120 miles, they learned of the Soviet invasion of Poland and were obliged to return to Kraków. If the Poles had ignored signs of German invasion, they were also slow to grasp what the Nazis meant to accomplish. The Germans will not only occupy Poland or even exploit it. They meant to destroy it completely. They began this process in the first year of occupation by moving 1.2 million native Poles and 300,000 Jews from the German territories to the General government zone. To do this, the Nazis had to eradicate religion. According to Hitler, the Poles are born for low labor. It is necessary to keep the standard of life low in Poland and it must not be permitted to rise. The Jews were subjected to the most extreme persecution of all. Furthermore, Polish culture and nationality was to be erased from the state’s consciousness. The first wave of assault would be against the Catholic clergy, the Jewish leaders, the nobility, and the intellectuals since these groups were considered the most influential. Once the elite was eradicated, the Nazis planned to make the citizenry of Warsaw into slaves in order to produce supplies for the Germans. SCP-Reed 2 | 19 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached All secondary schools and colleges were shut down. The Wawel Cathedral was closed, although the Nazis later allowed mass to be celebrated twice a week in an empty Church under military guard. Polish art collections were seized including masterpiece from Polish Church and Museums. The Jagiellonian University was shut down. The Krakow seminary was boarded up and turned into barracks for the occupying forces. Ordinations to the priesthood were banned. Monks, nuns, and priest throughout the German zone of Poland were sent to concentration camps. Thousands of them were killed. Forced Labor. While the Nazis were arresting the religious, intellectual, and political leaders, they were also looking for every abled-bodied Pole to their cause. All poles (including women) were required to obtain the Ausweiss identity card. This card was granted only to employees of German approved work that is basically on war materials. Those caught without a card were shipped to forced labor camps in the Reich or being shot dead (Nemec, 1979). So, from 1940 to 1944 Wojtyła variously worked in the following in order to avoid deportation to Germany: 1. As a messenger for a restaurant 2. As manual labourer in a limestone quarry 3. As a salesman in Solvay chemical factory In 1940, Karol worked as a messenger for a restaurant and in the same year, he worked in a stone quarry at Zakrow where the enormous limestones cliffs were blasted by dynamite. The workers broke the rocks up into smaller pieces manually and loaded them into the trucks. The quarry produced a compound used in making explosives. This quarry is owned privately until the Nazis ran the operation. This meant that work at the quarry qualified for Ausweiss identity card. Karol worked long days as a menial laborer lifting huge rocks with only one fifteen-minutes break. During this break, he was allowed to eat a small meal of black bread and coffee and the heat of the iron stove because it was extremely cool during winter. In the winter of 1941, Karol was transferred to the water purification department of the Solvay Factory (Solvay Chemical plant) in Borek Falecki near Krakow. It was a water purification facility. His new job included carrying limestones in buckets on a wooden yoke. It was a longer walk from Debniki but a major improvement in his working condition. The plant workers had taken advantage of a SCP-Reed 2 | 20 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached modest food service. They were given a half-liter soup and a few ounces of bread during night shift. Underground Activities. During these years of the Nazi occupation, Wojtyła began to write nationalistic plays, and he joined the Rhapsodic Theatre, an underground resistance group that aimed to sustain Polish culture and boost Polish morale through covert readings of poetry and drama. While working in the Solvay plant, the group were still rehearsing secretly. Mindful that it was banned by the Nazi, they were still performing infront of a handful of invited guests who also risked their lives just for that experience. They also sometimes performed in the living room apartment of Juliusz Kydrynski. The Nazis banned all the writers, artist and performers but the adverse effect was they became animated and they even produced volumes of underground literature, art and drama. In 1942, the Jagiellonian University started to operate secretly. This was a defiant act in order for self-preservation despite of the risks they are facing. They were operating clandestinely with five faculties at the start. After three years of operation, one hundred thirty-six (136) professors risked their lives by teaching eight hundred (800) students including Karol. They had their classes at night in private homes. There were instances that they were almost caught by the Nazis. Karol’s Near-Death Experience. There are many instances where Karol eluded death. When he was still a kid he used to stay at Bana’s restaurant, a sort of a bar and coffee shop just downstairs from his apartment at 7 Church street. A pistol was left at the counter probably by a policeman. One of the bana’s children picked it up and fired the gun and it went off missing Karol by mere inche. He was nine years old then. Another occasion occurred when he was working in the chemical plant. He was working a double shift and was walking five miles going home late in the evening. A German army truck bumped him and his body flew in the ditch. After several hours, a woman found Karol in a coma and brought him to a hospital with the help of a German officer. He spent three weeks in the hospital having suffered a severe concussion, numerous cuts and a shoulder injury. The Death of Karol’s Father. By the early winter of 1941, the father of Karol was confined to bed. Karol was in charge of housekeeping SCP-Reed 2 | 21 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached and bringing home dinner from the Kydrynsky’s kitchen. On February 18, 1941, upon returning home bringing with him some medicines, he found his father collapsed over his bed. His father, a former Austro-Hungarian non-commissioned officer and later officer in the Polish Army, died of a heart attack, leaving Karol as the immediate family's only surviving member. "I was not at my mother's death, I was not at my brother's death, I was not at my father's death," he said, reflecting on these times of his life, nearly forty years later, "At twenty, I had already lost all the people I loved." Reflection. For our reflection, learn to trust God even in the most seemingly desperate situation. God does not throw a dice. Everything has a purpose. SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. Search Indicator Barnes J. et al. John Paul II: His life and Papacy. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 5, 2021 from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pope/etc/bio.html Blakemore, W. (N.D.). St. John Paul II. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II John Paul II. (2014). Retrieved Jan 6, 2021 from https://www.biography.com/religious- figure/john-paul-ii Karolak, T. John Paul II the Pope from Poland. (1979). Warsaw: Interpress Publishers. LoyolaPress. John Paul II: A Biographical Sketch. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 8, 2021 from https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/scripture-and-tradition/church- leadership/pope-john-paul-ii-a-biographical-sketch/ SAINT JOHN PAUL II. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 7, 2021 from https://www.jp2shrine.org/en/about/jp2bio.html Karol Wojtyla Foot trail. (N. D.). Former Marcin Wadowita Elementary School. Retrieved from https://www.it.wadowice.pl/en/karol-wojtyla-foot-trail/objects/town-hall-formerly- the-men-s-primary-school.html Nemec, L. Pope John Paul II A festive profile. (1979). New York: Catholic Book Publisher Co. SCP-Reed 2 | 22 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached LET’S INITIATE! Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your answers on the space provided below every after each question. 1. When and where did St John Paul II attend university? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the course of Karol in the university? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the underground activities that Karol engaged during the Nazi occupation in their country? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NQUIRE! Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer to each of the questions below. 1. Describe Karol as a student in the university. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is Karol required to work a menial job during Nazi occupation? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NFER! Activity 1. Write an essay showing how Karol respond to the adversities he experienced as a student in the university. SCP-Reed 2 | 23 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Week 4 On becoming a Priest Lesson Title Karol’s Decision to Become a Priest Learning Outcome(s) Trace the decision of Karol to become a priest. At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder Jan Tyranowski – is a Polish Roman Catholic. He was an ardent admirer and follower of the Discalced Carmelite charism – but was not of their order – and was a central figure in the spiritual formation of Karol Józef Wojtyła who became Pope John Paul II. Essential Content Introduction. Karol Wojtyla had been involved in the church his whole life. It was not until 1942 that he began seminary training. When the war ended, he returned to school at Jagiellonian to study theology, becoming an ordained priest in 1946. He went on to complete two doctorates and became a professor of moral theology and social ethics. The Decision to Become Priest. On February 18, 1941, exactly one year after he met Jan Tyranowski, Karol suffered possibly his greatest loss that is the death of his father. Friends said that Karol knelt for 12 hours in prayer at his father’s bedside. He prayed by his father’s body all night. Unlike his calm demeanor and stoic submission to God's will following the deaths of his mother and brother, the loss of his father provoked a torrent of tears and visible pain. He lamented bitterly that he had not been present when his father died. His friend, Maria Kydrynska, was with Karol when they returned home to discover that Karol Wojtyla Sr. had died of a heart attack in bed. She described the scene vividly to Tad Szulc before she died a few years ago: "Karol, weeping, embraced me. He said through his tears, 'I was not present when my mother SCP-Reed 2 | 24 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached died, nor when my brother died.'" The apartment was too painful to stay in alone, so he moved in with the Kydrynskas. Years later, John Paul II told the writer Andre Frossard: "I never felt so alone." His friend Father Malinski observed him going to the cemetery every day to pray at his father's grave and said to us, "Karol was so distraught that I was truly worried about him." Some of Karol's friends have said to us that they felt that this wrenching blow of his father's death was decisive, and that it led ultimately to his decision to become a priest. It was almost as if the smell of death was ammonia to him. It awakened him. It helped convert him. It sharpened his focus. It gave him his vocation. It also freed him. As Maria Kydrynska said to Szulc, “The fact that he was alone without his parents, it was as if it was his destiny.” Karol himself affirmed that his father’s death was a turning point in his life after which he became aware of his true path. His growing conviction that God was preparing him and calling him to a new life issued in action on an evening in November 1942 when, after work and dressed in his overalls, he went for his regular confession at the cathedral in Krakow. Father Malinski was present at Karol’s spiritual turning point and wrote about it in his own biography: "It was 1942, bitter cold, I was waiting outside the priest's residence at Wawel Cathedral for Karol to finish his confession with Father Kazimierz. Their conversation went on for hours and I became restless, even worried. At this point, Karol confided his decision to become a priest to his confessor. Immediately he was brought to see Archbishop Sapieha, the one who had been very impressed on hearing Karol give the speech of welcome at the High School in Wadowice some years previously. After that one interview he was accepted as a seminarian for the Archdiocese, though in his heart he had decided that he would later seek to be a Carmelite, in imitation of his great hero, John of the Cross. In the short term he had to begin his training and, as all seminaries were closed, that had to be done ‘underground’. When Lolek emerged, he was very quiet as we walked across the bridge. Finally, he said to me, 'I have decided to become a priest and that is what we were talking about.'" SCP-Reed 2 | 25 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The Day Karol Entered the Clandestine Seminary. For two years, while still working at the chemical factory, he attended illegal seminary classes run by Kraków’s cardinal archbishop, Prince Adam Sapieha. After narrowly escaping a Nazi roundup of able-bodied men and boys in 1944, Wojtyła spent the rest of the war in the archbishop’s palace, disguised as a cleric. Most of the students in this wartime underground seminary had been living in various 'safe houses' in the countryside and traveling to secret locations for theology classes. Wojtyla's job at the Solvay plant kept him in Krakow where his life became even more regimented--and compartmentalized. Up at dawn, he crossed the river to the Archbishop's palace to assist secretly in celebrating Mass, then he raced off to work at the plant. Late afternoons were devoted to his religious studies, then rehearsals with the Rhapsodic Theater and the nightly visit to his father's grave. After the Nazi roundup in August 1944, when Karol escaped only through hiding in the basement of his house, Archbishop Sapieha decided that all of his seminarians would be safer in his residence. So, one by one, each of them moved surreptitiously sometimes in disguise and past the German troops into the palace to begin their studies. The influences of his Decision. Looking back years later, John Paul II remembers the profound effect his mother's death had on his father's spiritual life--and on his own: Karol said, "The violence of the blows that struck him opened up immense spiritual depths in him; his grief found its outlet in prayer. The mere fact of seeing him on his knees had a decisive effect on my early years...Even now when I awake at night, I remember seeing my father kneeling and praying. He was so hard on himself that he had no need to be hard on his son; his example alone was sufficient to inculcate discipline and duty...My father was the person who explained to me the mystery of God...." Lolek was remembered by his childhood friends as an unusually pious but not priggish young man. Many of them recalled for us the unusually long time that he would pray. He would stop by the church before school and stay longer on his knees than any of his classmates, lost in thought, mouthing his prayers silently. His preferred place of meditation was not the SCP-Reed 2 | 26 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached main sanctuary but a tiny chapel off to the side which had a statue of Mary. His complete absorption in prayer would grow over the years--both in duration and in intensity. Sometimes his entire body would express this intensity of abandonment. When Karol felt he was alone--or in great danger--he would pray face down on the stone floor, arms outstretched in the shape of the cross. His university friend, Wojciech Zukrowski, told us that when the Nazis made a sweep of Krakow rounding up young men for the work camps, they searched Wojtyla's house. Karol had hidden in the basement, praying face down on the damp floor, arms outstretched, while he heard the thud of Nazi boots overhead. His chauffeur, Josef Mucha, told us that "one morning I forgot to knock, my hands were filled with his breakfast, and when I entered I found him asleep on the floor, arms straight out, his body a perfect cross, a rug thrown over the lower half of his body. Clearly he had slept this way the entire night." While his father played an extraordinarily important role in shaping his son's religious life, there were others who influenced his growing vocation. Father Kazimierz Figlewicz, who served as the vicar and religion teacher at the Wadowice church, had a remarkable touch with young students; he was not only able to recognize their gifts but to communicate with them with ease and intimacy. Apparently, he reached the young detached Lolek at a very deep level and soon after he became Wojtyla's confessor. Later on, when he was Archbishop, Wojtyla described Father Kazimierz as "the guide to my young and rather complicated soul. Father Kazimierz was present at one of the most desperate moments in Wojtyla's life--a stark coincidence of religious life and historical drama. It was a moment which revealed Karol's highly-developed sense of calm and submission to God's will so often remarked on by people. Karol had arrived early for Mass at the Wawel Cathedral on September 1, 1939. The cavernous church was empty, only Father Kazimierz was waiting for him. The Germans had entered Poland and were about to make their first bombing runs over Krakow. The two men began serving Mass as the bombing began. As Father Kazimierz described it to Adam Boniecki, biographer of Karol Wojtyla, "It was the first wartime Mass before the altar of the crucified Christ and the SCP-Reed 2 | 27 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached scream of sirens and the thud of explosions have remained forever in my memory--nonetheless Karol in his imperturbable way had crossed over the bridge and walked to the Cathedral because he was always observant in his religious commitments." After he left Mass, he walked through the agitated crowds with his friend, the actor and theater director, Juliusz Kydrynski. Germans pilots were dropping bombs all over the city. The two friends stood inside a courtyard watching the smoke and mayhem...Juliusz remembers Karol's calm demeanor: "All hell was breaking loose--and Karol stood by the wall as it trembled in its foundations not showing the slightest fear--if Karol was praying, he was praying in his soul quietly..." There were other events, other mentors, who helped to shape his spiritual life. His high school teacher, Father Edward Zacher, was a brilliant scientist as well as a theologian who constantly encouraged his students to look deeply and without fear into the mysteries of the heavens and the secrets of the microcosmos. He was an unusual priest for his time and place; his confident faith is unusual even today. For Zacher, there was no conflict between faith and reason. This theme is, of course, defining of John Paul II. As Pope, he has encouraged scientific research; he listens rapt to the latest discoveries of scientists who gather at his summer retreat at Castle Gondolfo; he urged a Church commission to clear the name of Galileo. His latest encyclical, "Fides et Ratio" (Faith and Reason), is the final expression of this deep-rooted conviction. Arguably the most important of all his spiritual mentors was Jan Tyranowski. He met Tyranowski on a cold Saturday afternoon in February 1940, at a weekly discussion group in the parish church; it was a crucial moment in Wojtyla's life. Tyranowski was a strange man--a forty-year-old tailor with white-blond hair, a high-pitched laugh and piercing eyes. Neighbors spoke to us about his oddness and his intensity. He was a bachelor who lived with his mother in a small apartment across the street from the Wojtylas. Tyranowski's small rooms were filled with stacks of religious books, sewing machines and several cats. He would stop young men on the street and try to interest them in joining his "Living Rosary," a praying circle and theology discussion group for young people. He recruited youngsters so aggressively that one of them, Mieczyslaw Malinski, the future priest and seminarian friend of Wojtyla, SCP-Reed 2 | 28 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached remembers being alarmed by his intrusive personal questions and worried that he might be a Gestapo agent. Father Malinski told us that it took him a long while to warm up to "this bizarre character who talked in a high-pitched affected voice." Karol, however, was immediately gripped by Tyranowski's personality and the power of his ideas. Tyranowski and Wojtyla spent an increasing amount of time together discussing the Scriptures and mystical philosophers such as St. Theresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross. Malinski tried to argue with Karol about this strange man and even brought up rumors that he had been in a mental institution. Father Malinski wrote about Karol's response in his own biography of the Pope: "Tyranowski has gone through a major life-changing conversion. Look at what is inside him, not his outward experience. Yes, he speaks in a slightly odd, affected manner, but look beyond that. He is a man who lives truly close to God." For Karol, Tyranowski was aflame with God--and this closeness to the flame was an irresistible quality for the young Karol and would remain so for the rest of his life. Ultimately, Father Malinski grew attached to Jan Tyranowski and entered the rigorous world of The Living Rosary: "When Karol and I committed ourselves to this prayer group, it was all-encompassing. Every moment of the day was organized around activity and relaxation. We were asked to keep detailed records of our prayers and thoughts. Tyranowski took us through each stage very calmly and methodically until we reached the central core of his teaching--what he called the plenitude of inner life. His influence on Lolek was gigantic. I can safely say that were it not for him, neither Wojtyla nor I would have become priests." Wojtyla later wrote about this defining experience: "What Tyranowski wanted to do was work on our souls--to bring out the resources he knew existed within us." Karol was particularly struck by the quiet, mystical core of his teaching and he remembered vividly the day and hour when his teachings sank into him: "Once in July when the day was slowly extinguishing itself, the word of Jan Tyranowski became more and more lonely in the falling darkness, penetrating us deeper and deeper, releasing in us the hidden depths of evangelical possibilities which until then we had tremblingly SCP-Reed 2 | 29 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached avoided...Tyranowski was truly one of those unknown saints, hidden among others like a marvelous light at the bottom of life at a depth where night usually reigns. He disclosed to me the riches of his inner life, of his mystical life. In his words, in his spirituality, and in the example of a life given to God alone, he represented a new world that I did not yet know. I saw the beauty of a soul opened up by grace. " One of the Pope's most insightful biographers (and our consultant), Tad Szulc, believes that the influence of Tyranowski on the young Wojtyla flowed from their shared attraction to the mystical quality of spiritual life: "Tyranowski gave a wholly new dimension and understanding to Karol's instinctive mysticism and, as much as any profound experience of his young years, it set him on a course towards the priesthood...his mystical legacy to Karol Wojtyla was the 16th century poet and mystic, St. John of the Cross and the desire for the contemplative life." (In fact, after he became a priest, Wojtyla, on two separate occasions, requested permission from his superiors to enter a Carmelite monastery; each time they refused, believing his gifts lay elsewhere.) During our interview with Dr.Susan Muto, an expert of the life and work of St. John of the Cross, she speculated on why Karol's first encounter with St. John was so overwhelming: "Of all the writers in the mystic tradition, he is the most riveting. The sheer metaphoric power of his language is SCP-Reed 2 | 30 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached stunning, filled with images of darkness and light, and it must have been a transforming experience for this young man witnessing the horrors of the war...Karol was obviously drawn to this mystic and influenced by him at the very deepest level. St. John's clarion cry is that the proximate way to wisdom is through purgation, through profound suffering, both physical, emotional and spiritual...." While each of the Pope's biographers might emphasize different influences shaping Karol's spiritual life, all of them agree that it is impossible to overestimate the impact of St. John of the Cross. However, it is important to place the experience of Karol encountering this powerful mystic in the context of his life. By 1939, Karol Wojtyla had experienced the death of his mother and brother (he would soon lose his father). Close friends were dying in the war, or simply disappearing off the streets never to be seen again. His country might well be destroyed. These losses opened him to ultimate questions--and to the particular vision of St. John of the Cross. The Ordination to the Priesthood. On becoming an ordained priest, he was ordained on November 1, 1946, just as the communist regime replaced the Germans at the end of the war. Further Studies Abroad. Within a week after his ordination, Wojtyla was sent to Rome to study for his doctorate in theology. His new mentor, Archbishop Sapieha, recognized Karol's unusual intellectual gifts and decided that his protege needed a thorough grounding in moral theology. It was in SCP-Reed 2 | 31 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Rome that Wojtyla encountered Father Reginald Garrigou- LaGrange, a formidable theologian and the reigning expert on Thomism. This priest would become one of the most important influences on Karol's spiritual life; he would open Karol up to St. Thomas. He finished his doctorate in theology in 1948 with a thesis on the subject of faith in the works of St. John of the Cross (Doctrina de fide apud Sanctum Ioannem a Cruce). At that time, during his vacations, he exercised his pastoral ministry among the Polish immigrants of France, Belgium and Holland. First Assignment as Priest. In 1948 he returned to Poland. The young priest was assigned to the rural village of Niegowic for a year before returning to Krakow. In Krakow, he was vicar of various parishes as well as chaplain to university students. This period lasted until 1951 when he again took up his studies in philosophy and theology. In 1953 he defended a thesis on "evaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler" at Lublin Catholic University. Later he became professor of moral theology and social ethics in the major seminary of Krakow and in the Faculty of Theology of Lublin. Reflection. For our reflection, allow God to take course of your life. It is good to have a spiritual guide in striving to live a life close to God. SCP-Reed 2 | 32 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. Search Indicator Barnes J. et al. John Paul II: His life and Papacy. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 5, 2021 from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pope/etc/bio.html Blakemore, W. (N.D.). St. John Paul II. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II Catholic Ireland.net. The Making of a Pope: The Priesthood. (1999). Retrieved Feb. 4, 2021 from https://www.catholicireland.net/the-making-of-a- pope-ii-thepriesthood/ John Paul II. (2014). Retrieved Jan 6, 2021 from https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/john-paul-ii Karolak, T. John Paul II the Pope from Poland. (1979). Warsaw: Interpress Publishers. LoyolaPress. John Paul II: A Biographical Sketch. (N. D.). Retrieved Jan 8, 2021 from https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/scripture- andtradition/church-leadership/pope-john-paul-ii-a-biographical- sketch/ Nemec, L. Pope John Paul II A festive profile. (1979). New York: Catholic Book Publisher Co. Swafford, A. The Men Behind the Young Karol Wojtyla. (2017). Retrieved Feb. 5, 2021 from https://media.ascensionpress.com/2017/03/30/men- behindyoung-karol-wojtyla/ The Southern Cross. How Karol Wojtyla found his vocation. (2014). Retrieved Feb 3, 2021 from https://www.scross.co.za/2014/04/how-karol- wojtyla-foundhis-vocation/ Whitney, H. Faith. (N. D.). Retrieved Feb. 2, 2021 from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pope/etc/faith.html SCP-Reed 2 | 33 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached LET’S INITIATE! Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your answers on the space provided below every after each question. 1. When did St John Paul II enter the clandestine seminary? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. When was Karol ordained priest? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What was his first assignment as priest? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ I LET’S NQUIRE! Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer to each of the questions below. 1. Why did Karol Wojtyla decided to become a priest? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the influences that made Karol Wojtyla become a priest? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ SCP-Reed 2 | 34 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached I LET’S NFER! Activity 1. 1. Kindly reflect and write an essay about discovering the purpose of one’s life. SCP-Reed 2 | 35 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Appointed Bishop and Created as Cardinal of the Roman Week 5 Catholic Church Lesson Title Appointed Bishop and created as Cardinal Learning Outcome(s) Appreciate his contribution as ordained minister in the Church At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder Titular see – is a Diocese that no longer functionally exist, often because the territory was conquered by Muslims or because it is schismatic. The Greek– Turkish population exchange of 1923 also contributed to titular sees. The see of Maximianoupolis along with the town that shared its name was destroyed by the Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan in 1207; the town and the see were under the control of the Latin Empire, which took Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Parthenia, in north Africa, was abandoned and swallowed by desert sand. SCP-Reed 2 | 36 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Diocese – is a district under the pastoral care of a bishop in the Christian Church. Bishop – is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place. There are more bishops than there are functioning dioceses. Therefore, a priest appointed not to head a diocese as its diocesan bishop but to be an auxiliary bishop, a papal diplomat, or an official of the Roman Curia is appointed to a titular see. Auxiliary bishop – is a bishop assigned to assist the diocesan bishop in meeting the pastoral and administrative needs of the diocese. Auxiliary bishops can also be titular bishops of sees that no longer exist. Ombi – is a titular see (vacant since 1966 - present) in the Catholic church. The see corresponds to the city now known as Kom Ombo in Egypt. Its main claim to fame is that Karol Wojtyła (the future Pope John Paul II) was titular bishop of Ombi from 1958 until 1963, when he was appointed Archbishop of Kraków. Cardinal – is a member of the Sacred College of Cardinals, whose duties include electing the pope, acting as his principal counselors, and aiding in the government of the Roman Catholic Church SCP-Reed 2 | 37 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached throughout the world. Cardinals serve as chief officials of the Roman Curia (the papal bureaucracy), as bishops of major dioceses, and often as papal envoys. They wear distinctive red attire, are addressed as “Eminence,” and are known as princes of the church. Dicastery – is a department of the Roman Curia, the administration of the Holy See through which the pope directs the Roman Catholic Church. The most recent comprehensive constitution of the church, Pastor bonus (1988), includes this definition: By the word "dicasteries" are understood the Secretariat of State, Congregations, Tribunals, Councils and Offices, namely, the Apostolic Camera, the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See and the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See. Synod of Bishop – is a permanent institution established by Pope Paul VI, September 15, 1965 in response to the desire of the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council to keep alive the spirit of collegiality engendered by the conciliar experience. Essential Content Introduction. Let us continue exploring the life of Karol Wojtyla as an ordained minister in the Church. As a priest, he must live in the spirit of evangelical counsels of Obedience, Chastity and Poverty. SCP-Reed 2 | 38 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Before appointed as Bishop. After his first assignment as a young Priest, Karol Wojtyła was transferred to the parish of Saint Florian in Kraków on March 1949. He taught ethics at Jagiellonian University and subsequently at the Catholic University of Lublin. While teaching, he gathered a group of about 20 young people, who began to call themselves Rodzinka, the "little family". They met for prayer, philosophical discussion, and to help the blind and the sick. The group eventually grew to approximately 200 participants, and their activities expanded to include annual skiing and kayaking trips. In 1953, Wojtyła's habilitation thesis was accepted by the Faculty of Theology at the Jagiellonian University. In 1954, he earned a Doctorate in Sacred Theology, evaluating the feasibility of a Catholic ethic based on the ethical system of the phenomenologist Max Scheler with a dissertation titled "Reevaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler" (Ocena możliwości zbudowania etyki chrześcijańskiej przy założeniach systemu Maksa Schelera). Max Scheler was a German philosopher who founded a broad philosophical movement that emphasized the study of conscious experience. However, the Communist authorities abolished the Faculty of Theology at the Jagellonian University, thereby preventing him from receiving the degree until 1957. Karol Wojtyła developed a theological approach, called phenomenological Thomism, that combined traditional Catholic Thomism with the ideas of personalism, a SCP-Reed 2 | 39 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached philosophical approach deriving from phenomenology, which was popular among Catholic intellectuals in Kraków during Wojtyła's intellectual development. He translated Scheler's Formalism and the Ethics of Substantive Values. In 1961, he coined "Thomistic Personalism" to describe Aquinas's philosophy. During this period, Wojtyła wrote a series of articles in Kraków's Catholic newspaper, Tygodnik Powszechny ("Universal Weekly"), dealing with contemporary Church issues. He focused on creating original literary work during his first dozen years as a priest. War, life under Communism, and his pastoral responsibilities all fed his poetry and plays. Wojtyła published his work under two pseudonyms—Andrzej Jawień and Stanisław Andrzej Gruda—to distinguish his literary from his religious writings (issued under his own name), and also so that his literary works would be considered on their own merits. In 1960, Wojtyła published the influential theological book Love and Responsibility, a defense of traditional Church teachings on marriage from a new philosophical standpoint. While a priest in Kraków, groups of students regularly joined Wojtyła for hiking, skiing, bicycling, camping and kayaking, accompanied by prayer, outdoor Masses and theological discussions. In Stalinist-era Poland, it was not permitted for priests to travel with groups of students. Wojtyła asked his younger companions to call him "Wujek" (Polish for "Uncle") to prevent outsiders from deducing he was a priest. The nickname gained popularity among his followers. In 1958, when Wojtyła was SCP-Reed 2 | 40 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached named Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków, his acquaintances expressed concern that this would cause him to change. Wojtyła responded to his friends, "Wujek will remain Wujek," and he continued to live a simple life, shunning the trappings that came with his position as Bishop. This beloved nickname stayed with Wojtyła for his entire life and continues to be affectionately used, particularly by the Polish people. He continued to live a simple life, shunning the trappings that came with his position. The Role of a Bishop. A "diocesan bishop"is entrusted with the care of a local Church (diocese). He is responsible for teaching, governing, and sanctifying the faithful of his diocese, sharing these duties with the priests and deacons who serve under him. To "teach, sanctify and govern" means that he must (1) oversee preaching of the Gospel and Catholic education in all its forms; (2) oversee and provide for the administration of the sacraments; and (3) legislate, administer and act as judge for canon-law matters within his diocese. He serves as the "chief shepherd" (spiritual leader) of the diocese and has responsibility for the pastoral care of all Catholics living within his ecclesiastical and ritual jurisdiction. He is obliged to celebrate Mass every Sunday and Holy Day of Obligation with the intention of praying for those in his care, assign clergy to their posts in various institutions and oversee finances. A bishop is to have a special concern for priests, listening to them, using them as counsellors, ensuring that they are adequately provided for in every way, and defending SCP-Reed 2 | 41 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached their rights set forth in the Code of Canon Law. Latin Catholic bishops also must make regular ad limina visits to the Holy See every five years. Because of their function as teachers of the faith, it is customary in some English-speaking countries, to add to the names of bishops the postnominal title of "D.D." (Doctor of Divinity) and to refer to them with the title "Doctor". Only a bishop has authority to confer the sacrament of holy orders. In the Latin Church the minor orders were abolished after the Second Vatican Council. In Eastern Catholic Churches, a monastic archimandrite may tonsure and institute his subjects to minor orders; however, the tonsure and minor orders are not considered to be part of the sacrament of holy orders. The sacrament of Confirmation is normally administered by a bishop in the Latin Church, but a bishop may delegate the administration to a priest. In the case of receiving an adult into full communion with the Catholic Church the presiding priest will administer Confirmation. In the Eastern Catholic Churches, Confirmation (called Chrismation) is normally administered by priests as it is given at the same time as baptism. It is only within the power of the diocesan bishop or eparch to bless churches and altars, although he may delegate another bishop, or even a priest, to perform the ceremony. On Holy Thursday Latin Catholic bishops preside over the Mass of the Chrism. Though Oil of the Sick for the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick is blessed at this Mass, it may also be SCP-Reed 2 | 42 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached blessed by any priest in case of necessity. Only a bishop may consecrate Chrism. In the Eastern Catholic Churches chrism is consecrated solely by heads of churches sui juris (patriarchs and metropolitans) and diocesan bishops may not do so. Only a bishop or other ordinary may grant imprimaturs for theological books, certifying that they are free from doctrinal or moral error; this is an expression of the teaching authority, and education responsibility of the bishop. Prior to the Second Vatican Council, it was also the prerogative of the bishop to consecrate the paten and chalice that would be used during the Mass. One of the changes implemented since the council, is that a simple blessing is now said and it may be given by any priest. The Day Karol was appointed as Bishop. On July 4, 1958, while Karol Wojtyła was on a kayaking holiday in the lake’s region of northern Poland, Pope Pius XII appointed him as an Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków. He was consequently summoned to Warsaw to meet the Primate of Poland, Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński, who informed him of his appointment. Karol Wojtyła accepted the appointment as Auxiliary Bishop to Kraków's Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak, and he received episcopal consecration as Titular Bishop of Ombi on September 28, 1958, with Baziak as the principal consecrator and as coconsecrators Bishop Boleslaw Kominek, Titular Bishop of Sophene, and Vågå, auxiliary of the Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław, and Franciszek Jop, Auxiliary Bishop of Sandomierz, Titular Bishop of Daulia. Kominek was to become Cardinal SCP-Reed 2 | 43 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Archbishop of Wrocław. Franciszek Jop was later Auxiliary Bishop of Wrocław and then Bishop of Opole. At the age of 38, Wojtyła became the youngest bishop in Poland. Actions as Auxiliary Bishop. In 1959, Bishop Wojtyla began an annual tradition of saying a Midnight Mass on Christmas Day in an open field at Nowa Huta, the so-called model workers’ town outside Kraków that was without a church building. Archbishop Baziak died in June 1962 and on July 16 of the same year, Wojtyła was selected as Vicar Capitular (temporary administrator) of the Archdiocese until an Archbishop could be appointed. From October 1962, Wojtyła took part in the Second Vatican Council from 1962–1965 (Vat II), where he made contributions to two of its most historic and influential products, the Decree on Religious Freedom (in Latin, Dignitatis humanae) and the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et spes). Bishop Wojtyła and the Polish bishops contributed a draft text to the Council for Gaudium et spes. According to the Jesuit historian John W. O'Malley, the draft text Gaudium et spes that Wojtyła and the Polish delegation sent "had some influence on the version that was sent to the council fathers that summer but was not accepted as the base text". According to John F. Crosby, as pope, John Paul II used the words of Gaudium et spes later to introduce his own views on the nature of the human person in relation to God: man is "the only creature on earth that God has wanted for its own sake", but man "can fully discover his true self only in a sincere giving of himself.” Bishop Wojtyla also participated in the assemblies of the Synod of Bishops. SCP-Reed 2 | 44 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Appointed as Archbishop of Krakow. On January 13, 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Karol Wojtyła as Archbishop of Krakow. Created as Cardinal. On June 26, 1967, Pope Paul VI created Archbishop Karol Wojtyla as a Cardinal and announced his promotion to the Sacred College of Cardinals. Bishop Wojtyła SCP-Reed 2 | 45 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached was named Cardinal-Priest of the titulus of San Cesareo in Palatio. Role of a Cardinal. The Cardinals (Latin: Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally "cardinal of the Holy Roman Church") are the most senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church, being second in precedence only to the Pope. They are appointed to the rank of cardinal in addition to their existing position within the Church. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals, and are appointed for life. Their most solemn responsibility is to participate in a conclave to elect a new Pope, inevitably from among themselves, when the Holy See is vacant (owing to a Pope's death or resignation). During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. In addition, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of importance to the Church are considered and new cardinals may be elevated. Cardinals of working age are also appointed to roles overseeing dicasteries of the Roman Curia, the central administration of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are drawn from a variety of backgrounds, being appointed as cardinals in addition to their existing roles within the Church. Most cardinals are current or retired bishops or archbishops leading dioceses around the world, often the most prominent diocese(s) in their country. Others are titular SCP-Reed 2 | 46 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached bishops who are current or former officials within the Roman Curia (generally the leaders of dicasteries and other bodies linked with the Curia). A very small number are priests recognised by the Pope for their service to the Church, and are generally consecrated as bishops prior to their formal elevation to the cardinalate unless granted a papal dispensation. Actions of Karol as a Cardinal. In 1967, he was instrumental in formulating the encyclical Humanae vitae, which dealt with the same issues that forbid abortion and artificial birth control. According to a contemporary witness, Cardinal Wojtyła was against the distribution of a letter around Kraków in 1970, stating that the Polish Episcopate was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the Polish–Soviet War. In 1973, Cardinal Wojtyła met philosopher Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, the wife of Hendrik S. Houthakker, Professor of Economics at Stanford University and Harvard University, and member of President Nixon's Council of Economic Advisers. Tymieniecka collaborated with Wojtyła on a number of projects including an English translation of Wojtyła's book Osoba i czyn (Person and Act). Person and Act, one of John Paul II's foremost literary works, was initially written in Polish. Tymieniecka produced the English-language version. They corresponded over the years, and grew to be good friends. When Wojtyła visited New England in the summer of 1976, Tymieniecka put him up as a guest in her family home. Wojtyła enjoyed his holiday in Pomfret, Vermont kayaking and enjoying the outdoors, as he had done in his beloved Poland. SCP-Reed 2 | 47 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO TEACHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached During 1974–1975, then Cardinal Wojtyla, the Archbishop of Kraków, served Pope Paul VI as consultor to the Pontifical Council for the Laity, as recording secretary for the 1974 synod on evangelism and by participating extensively in the original drafting of the 1975 apostolic exhortation, Evangelii nuntiandi. As cardinal archbishop of Kraków, he worked closely with Poland’s powerful primate cardinal, Stefan Wyszyński, archbishop of Warsaw, who declared that Christianity, not communism, was the true protector of the poor and oppressed. In an effort that spanned two decades, Wojtyła lobbied for permission to build a church in Kraków’s new industrial suburb, Nowa Huta. He planted a cross in the field where the church was to stand and defied communist authorities by holding masses there. He also applied for permission to hold traditional religious processions in the streets, though he was often turned down. Eventually Wojtyła prevailed, and he consecrated Nowa Huta’s new Ark Church in 1977. Meanwhile, he had written his major philosophical work, The Acting Person (1969), which argues that moral actions—not simply thoughts or statements—create authentic personality and define what a person truly stands for. Reflection. For our reflection, real service is not expecting something in return as Karol did in serving the Church. We will all strive to live an exemplary life because it is already an act of evangelizing as Karol Wojtyla did in the Church. In this way, we become an inspiration to others. SCP-

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