SCITECH Reviewer: Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution PDF

REVIEWER FOR SCITECH ISAAC NEWTON UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND - formulation of the laws of motion and SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION universal gravitation Science NICOLAUS COPERNICUS...

REVIEWER FOR SCITECH ISAAC NEWTON UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND - formulation of the laws of motion and SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION universal gravitation Science NICOLAUS COPERNICUS - is systematically studying the natural - development of the heliocentric world through observation, modern of the Solar System. experimentation THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE Observation and Experimentation - The origin of science is challenging - Science begins with observing the to pinpoint precisely. world around us - Science has coexisted with human existence since the beginning of The Scientific Method time. - This is a step-by-step process used HISTORY OF PERSPECTIVE by scientists to explore and understand phenomena. - Literature defined science in various ways, From the old notation that MAIN BRANCHES OF SCIENCE suggests science as an organized body of knowledge, wisdom, and Geology experience concerning the natural Chemistry and physical world. Biology Biochemistry CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION Psychology Astronomy - The American Heritage Dictionary Physics (2004): Defines science as the observation, identification, THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION description, experimental investigation, and theoretical - a period of major advancements in explanation of natural phenomena. science and thinking during the 16th - Snir et al. (2003): Describes science and 17th centuries. as an ongoing theoretical dialogue with nature, where scientists develop GALILEO GALILEI progressively more powerful models to explain a broader range of - His work laid the foundation for phenomena. modern observational astronomy and physics. Broader & Cultural Views language as a form of conversation relevant to a particular social group - Cobern (1993): Emphasizes that within a system at a given time. science, in a broader cultural context, is a method of HOW CAN SCIENCE BE DEFINED? understanding both the world and human interactions with it. - Science can be defined as a - Watters and Diezmann (2003): View systematic pursuit of knowledge that science as a human endeavor aimed involves the observation, at making sense of the environment identification, description, and forming a worldview that guides experimental investigation, and individuals towards personal theoretical explanation of natural understanding. phenomena. - Science isn’t just facts in a textbook; Historical & Social Perspectives it’s also a process of discovering how those facts fit together. While - Gribbin (2003): Defines science as textbooks list information, science is both an intellectual and social about exploring and connecting activity aimed at understanding the those pieces to understand how the natural world. world works. - Cajete (1999): Defines science as a cultural as well as individual process Scientific Revolution of thought. - Bybee (1997); Thier and Daviss - The Scientific Revolution was a (2002): Discuss science in relation to period between the 16th and 18th scientific literacy, including centuries marked by major advances processes, skills, concepts, and the in science, mathematics, and ability to communicate ideas based astronomy. It introduced the on reasoning. It is described as a scientific method and emphasized method for discovering and observation, experimentation, and organizing information. evidence-based reasoning, fundamentally changing how people Social Language View understood the natural world. - Scott, Asoko, and Leach (2007): Key Features Define science as a form of social language developed by the scientific Important Figure community. It involves specific Nicolaus Copernicus concepts (e.g., energy, mass) and Galileo Galilei the development of models and Johannes Kepler theories to account for natural Isaac Newton phenomena. Rene Descartes - This view is influenced by Bakhtin (1993), who described social Causes of the Scientific Revolution: civilizations and the regions where fundamental scientific concepts, Renaissance theories, and methods initially Influence Printing emerged. Press Exploration Navigation EARLY SCIENCE IN ASIA Impact of Scientific Revolution and - Many of the oldest and most Example powerful civilizations in history may be found in Asia, which also Shift in Worldview Advances in produced significant contributions to Technology Challenges and early science in disciplines like Religious Authority Foundation for mathematics, astronomy, medicine, Modern Science and engineering. Astronomy Physics Contributions of Asia Medicine - Ayurvedic system Intellectual Revolution that Defined - "Four Great Inventions" Society - Huangdi Neijing Exploring the Contributions of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud. EARLY SCIENCE OF EUROPE Scientists are inspired by their - Europe made major contributions to curiosity, critical thinking, and science, especially during the creativity to explore the physical and Scientific Revolution and Classical natural world. Their love for science Antiquity periods, which laid the is driven by their deep passion to foundations for modern science. know and to discover. Contribution of Europe CREATIVITY CURIOSITY - Philosophy CRITICAL THINKING - Telescope - Heliocentric Model Passion to know Passion to discover EARLY SCIENCE OF MESOAMERICA Eagerness to Share Scientific Discoveries and Practices - Astronomy, mathematics, and Technology agricultural science all benefited greatly from the contributions of CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Mesoamerican civilizations like the Maya and the Aztec. - The phrase "Cradles of Early Science" describes ancient Contribution of Mesoamerica El Castillo, also known Terrace Farming as the Temple of Tonalpohualli Kukulcan, is a Badianus Manuscript Mesoamerican step-pyramid. The EARLY SCIENCE OF AFRICA pyramid at Chichén Itzá in Mexico is positioned - Africa contributed major advances to align with the sun to early science through during the spring and developments in mathematics, fall equinoxes. They were made to track medicine, metallurgy, and celestial events, to be used as calendars sustainable agriculture. These and for rituals. contributions were especially made by regions like ancient Egypt, the INCAS Kingdom of Kush, and Great Zimbabwe. - The Incas Civilization flourished in ancient Peru Contribution of Africa between c. 1400 and 1533 CE. It was the largest empire Ebers Papyrus ever seen in the Americas Rhed Mathematical Papyrus and the largest in the world Pyramid of Giza at that time. Famed for their unique art and architecture, DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN they constructed finely-built MESOAMERICA and imposing buildings. - Mesoamerica is a historical region AZTEC and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and - The Aztec civilization, extends to the Pacific coast of which flourished in central Central America. Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century, is known for its CIVILIZATION powerful empire and rich MAYAN cultural heritage. Centered around their capital, - The Mayan civilization is Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs built one of the prominent vast cities and developed civilizations during the advanced agricultural ancient period, lasting for techniques, such as approximately 2,000 years. chinampas, or floating The Mayans are known for gardens. their works in astronomy, mathematics,and technology.  ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN CHEMISTRY DURANT (1980). MIDDLE EAST SOME SCHOLARS CONSIDERED JABIR IBN HAYYAN TO BE THE - MUSLIMS DOMINANTLY “FATHER OF CHEMISTRY” POPULATE MIDDLE EAST (DERIWANDA 2007; WARREN COUNTRIES WITH THE SPREAD 2005). OF ISLAM IN THE 7TH AND 8TH CENTURIES BROUGHT A PERIOD - THE GOLDEN AGE OF MUSLIM IN OF SCHOLARSHIP OR THE SCIENCE DECLINED IN THEIR GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM UNTIL 11TH TO 13TH CENTURY, WHEN THE 13TH CENTURY. THE MONGOLS DESTROYED LIBRARIES, OBSERVATORIES, IBN AL HAYTHAM AND OTHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS. - HE IS A MUSLIM SCIENTIST, IS ALSO REGARDED AS THE Development of Science in Africa “FATHER OF OPTICS”, ESPECIALLY FOR HIS EMPIRICAL - Africa as a continent is blessed with PROOF OF THE INTROMISSION many natural and mineral resources. THEORY OF LIGHT. Science also emerged in this part of - THE SCIENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL the planet long before the MEDICINE AND WAS THE FIRST Europeans colonized it. PHYSICIAN TO CONDUCT TO - The ancient Egyptian civilization has CONDUCT CLINICAL TRIAL contributed significant advances in (JACQUART 2008). HIS TWO the fields of astronomy, NOTABLE WORKS, THE WORKS mathematics, and medicine. OF HEALING AND THE CANON OF MEDICINE. WERE USED AS Ancient Egyptian Contributions STANDARD IN MEDICINAL TEXT IN BOTH THE MIDDLE EAST AND Astronomy in Africa EUROPE. Medicine Metallurgy and Iron Technology MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL-KHWARIZMI Mathematical Achievements - HE GAVE HIS NAME TO THE CONCEPT OF ALGORITHM AND Lebombo Bone THE TERM ALGEBRA IS DERIVED FROM AL-JABR. - The Lebombo Bone comes from Africa and dates back to MUSLIM CHEMISTS AND around 35,000 BCE. It is ALCHEMIST ALSO PLAYED used for simple calculations SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE or as a calendar.  Geometry American Period - Geometry, which is a branch American Influence and Public of mathematics, was Education (1898-1946) developed by the Egyptians. Establishment of a public education GROUP 2 system and universities (e.g., University of the Philippines). THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT Introduction of modern health care SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA and science curriculum. Research efforts in controlling - FOCUSES ON ADVANCING tropical diseases. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INNOVATION AND World War II and Post-war Rebuilding RESEARCH. The Impact of World War II and Recovery (1940s-1950s) Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines Destruction of public facilities and the need for post-war recovery. Pre-colonial Era Rebuilding schools, hospitals, and Indigenous Knowledge and Early transportation systems using Technology reparation funds. Advanced agriculture and medicinal Post-independence Era knowledge. Building a New Republic (1946 Onwards) Observation of heavenly bodies for time and weather prediction. Focus on human resource Use of indigenous tools for daily development. needs like fishing, hunting, and Overseas Development Aid (ODA) building homes. from the US and Japan for science Metal Age: Jewelry, ceramics, metal and technology advancement. tools. Development of professionals in engineering, science, and health Spanish Colonization sectors. Influence of Spanish Colonization (1521-1898) Contemporary Science and Technology Modern Developments in Science and Introduction of Western education, Technology schools, and basic science concepts. Continued government efforts to Engineering and infrastructure: enhance science, engineering, and bridges, waterways, boats. technology education. Galleon trade: technological and Focus on research in agriculture, cultural exchange. health, and basic sciences.  Recruitment and modernizing CLUSTER 3 research facilities. - Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences CLUSTER 4 - Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - In 2015, Padilla concepcion reported that the department of science and technology (DOST) requested the national research council of the philippines (NRCP) to consult various sectors to study how the Programs and Personalities in Science philippines can prepare to achieve and Technology in the Philippines ASEAN 2015 goals. - At the beginning of the 21st century ASEAN 2015 goals and the rise of the Fourth Industrial it focus on three main areas: Revolution, we see the need to develop more engineers, doctors, Economy scientists, and other professionals to Society serve the needs of the people. Security. PROMINENT FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF CLUSTER 1 SCIENCE - Social Sciences, Humanities, - Prominent Filipinos in science have Education, and International Policies made remarkable contributions that and Governance have significantly advanced various fields and enriched the global CLUSTER 2 scientific community. - Physics, Engineering and Industrial RAMON CABANOS BARBA Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics - Ramon Cabanos Barba made significant contributions to horticulture, particularly in the field of mango cultivation, through his  innovative methods for flower contributions to graph theory and induction. operations research. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERO III - Lourdes Jansuy Cruz is a - Rafael Dineros Guerrero III is a distinguished Filipino biochemist notable Filipino scientist acclaimed recognized for her pioneering for his pioneering work in research on conotoxins derived from aquaculture, particularly in the the venom of fish-hunting cone development of sex reversal snails. techniques for tilapia farming. JOSEFINO CASAS COMISO GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN - Josefino Cacas Comiso for his - Gregory Ligot Tangonan is a works on observing the prominent Filipino scientist and characteristic of Antarctica by using inventor recognized for his satellite images, a prominent Filipino significant contributions to fiber scientist renowned for his substantial optics and digital communication contributions to polar science and technologies. climate change research as a senior emeritus scientist. ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR. FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT - Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. is a highly respected Filipino physician and - Fabian Millar Dayrit is a scientist and scientist, recognized primarily for his educator known for his extensive groundbreaking work in pediatrics contributions to the field of and neonatology. chemistry, particularly in natural products and environmental science Government Programs to Support the for his research on herbal medicine. Development of Science and Technology JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR. DOST K-12 - Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. is a PAASE distinguished Filipino scientist known for his significant contributions to Introduction science education in the control theory and electrical Philippines engineering. SCIENCE EDUCATION MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ - Science education focuses on - Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz was a teaching science and learning distinguished Filipina mathematician science. and educator recognized for her  - There is a big difference between VALUES JOHNSTON(2000) these two concepts. Motivating Attitudes Concept of science education Cooperating attitudes Practical attitudes Teaching science - Pedagogical Reflective attitudes theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific concepts SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE and process effectively PHILIPPINES Learning science - includes both - University of the Philippines as the pedagogy and the most interesting national university remains to be the aspect, which is helping students top university in the country in terms understand and love science of the number of science degree programs from undergraduate to Understanding science - implies graduate level. developing and applying science process skills and using science DOST- FUNDED SCHOLARSHIP literacy. - The Department of Science and Indigenous Science and Technology in Technology (DOST) provides the Philippines. scholarships to deserving Filipino students to take science, technology, Indigenous Knowledge Systems engineering , agriculture, forestry, computer science, and other science - Indigenous Knowledge Systems and technology courses in various (IKS) are the accumulated CHED identified centers of knowledge, innovations, practices, excellence and in autonomous and beliefs of indigenous peoples universities across the country. developed over generations through their interactions with the natural Introduction To Pawilen world and their communities. It's a dynamic and living system, - Pawilen represents a unique blend constantly evolving and adapting to of Indigenous Knowledge and changing circumstances. modern technology in the Philippines. This presentation will What is Indigenous Science? explore how traditional practices harmonize with contemporary - is part of the indigenous knowledge advancement, showcasing the system practiced by different groups resilience and creativity of Filipino of people and was practiced by early communities. civilizations.  technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Established to nurture future scientist, engineers, and leaders, it operates under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Regional Science High School The essence of indigenous Science Established in 1994 Quezon City, Olongapo Zambales, - Indigenous Science is rooted in Bangar La Union, Tumauini Isabela, cultural heritage and local wisdom; it and Kalibo Akan encompasses traditional ecological RSHS in the Philippines are knowledge that has been passed specialized public high schools that down through generations. focus on science, mathematics and technology. They are distinct from Technological innovations the PSHS but share the goal of fostering a strong foundation in - Technology has transformed various STEM sectors in the Philippines. But it can also integrate with Indigenous Special Science Elementary School Practices. Innovation such as renewable energy solutions and Founded by Dr. Jeff Goldstein sustainable farming techniques can Established in the academic year of enhance traditional methods. 1983 SSEP is a program in the Philippines Cultural significance designed to provide enriched science and mathematics education - Pawilen is not just about science in selected public high schools. It and technology, it embodies the aims to foster the development of cultural identity of Indigenous young filipinos who excel in science peoples. Through rituals, festivals, and technology, helping the country and storytelling, these communities build a workforce of skilled in STEM celebrate their connection to nature fields. and ancestors. Quezon City Regional Science High Philippine Science High School System School Founded by Vergilio Afable Founded by Mrs. Hermenihilda G. June 22, 1963 Margate The PSHSS is a specialized public Established in September 17, 1967 high school that focuses on science, QCRSHS is one of the specialized public high schools under the RSHS  in the philippines. It caters to students with strong aptitude for science and mathematics, and it is known for its rigorous curriculum designed to prepare students for careers in STEM MANILA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL Founded by Principal Augusto Alzona Established in October 1, 1963 MaSci or MSHS is the first science high school in the philippines, known for its rigorous academic program, particularly in science and mathematics. It is one of the most prestigious public high schools in the country, located in ermita manila GOODLUCK!! VP TRISH♡