Science10_q1_mod4_earths-mechanism_ver2.pdf

10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth’s Mechanism CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 Science – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth’s Mechanism First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright s...

10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth’s Mechanism CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 Science – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth’s Mechanism First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Lea Z. Balocating Editors: Ma. Maila C. Justo, Emily P. Tandog Reviewers: Jaime Campos, Jr., Jerry R. Junio, Ellen F. Fernandez, German J. Ferrer Jr., Ma. Criselda G. Ocang, Gina A. Amoyen, Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas Layout Artist: Reyna H. Talinio Management Team: Tolentino G. Aquino , Arlene A. Niro, Gina A. Amoyen, Editha T. Giron, Carmina C. Gutierrez, Rustico P. Abalos, Jr., Marilou D. Roldan, Jerry R. Junio Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region I Office Address: Flores St., Catbangen, City of San Fernando, La Union Telefax: (072) 682-2324; (072) 607-8137 E-mail Address: [email protected]  10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth’s Mechanism Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or have any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. ii  What I Need to Know The Earth’s whole lithosphere is broken into several rigid sections called plates that move constantly. Do lithospheric plates move quickly or slowly? What must be the reason behind the motion of the massive lithospheric plates? This module contains different activities that will help you understand the driving force behind plate tectonics. After going through this module, you should be able to: 1. describe the possible causes of plate movement (S10ES-Ia-j-36.5); and 2. recognize the process of convection current in the mantle. What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your letter of choice on a separate sheet of paper. 1. A convection current is caused by differences in temperature resulting to variation in ___________. A. air pressure B. color C. density D. mass 2. It is a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance. A. volume B. temperature C. density D. mass 3. Hot molten materials in a convection cell rises near the ______________. A. outer core B. crust C. inner core D. mantle 4. Which of the following theory explains how the heavy plates move along the different types of plate boundaries. A. Continental Drift Theory B. Plate tectonic Theory 1 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  C. Seafloor Spreading Theory 5. The motion of gas or liquid caused by differences in temperature is a _________. A. tectonic movement B. plate tectonic C. convection current D. magma chamber 6. A driving force for plate motion at mid-ocean ridges as a result of the rigid lithosphere sliding down ___________. A. slab pull B. ridge push C. convection current D. seafloor spreading 7. Lithospheric plates are flowing in this area. A. inner core B. asthenosphere C. outer core D. lithosphere 8. Which of the following is NOT a method of heat transfer? A. condensation B. convection C. conduction D. radiation 9. Which of the following is NOT a driving force of tectonic plates? A. ridge push B. slab push C. drag force D. mantle convection 10. What is the source of heat in a mantle convection current? A. the Sun B. the crust C. the core D. the moon 2 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  Lesson 1 Mantle Convection Earth’s mechanism deals with the forces acting on lithospheric plates to move in a particular direction. The motion is a result of thermal convection in the mantle due to the convection current formed. The mantle convection process will be further explained as you go along the module. What’s In From the previous lesson, you have learned about Theory of Continental Drift in which Wegener thought that the seven continents we know today had been once a part of a supercontinent called Pangaea. It broke apart like pieces of a puzzle and moved to their present location, becoming today’s continent. Can you still remember the evidence of the Continental Drift Theory? Can you figure out these evidence that supported this theory? How about the evidence of the Seafloor Spreading Theory? What could be the reasons why scientists rejected Wegener’s idea of Continental Drift? In this lesson, you will learn about mantle convection and forces as a mechanism to the motion of the massive plates of the lithosphere and the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonic. What’s New Convection in the Mantle Vocabulary Let’s use these materials: paper, ball pen Let’s do it this way: 1. Arrange the scrambled letters below to form the word defined in each number. 2. Answer on a separate sheet of paper. 3 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  Assessment: l. tmnael _____________________________ A layer beneath where the less dense hot molten material rises, and sinks 2. thprehaeosens _____________________________ A soft, weak and plastic-like layer, the upper part of the mantle where lithospheric plates float and move. 3. mmgaa ____________________________ Hot molten rocks formed beneath the Earth’s surface. 4. noitcevnoc ctunrre ____________________________ Facilitates the movement of the lithospheric plates. 5. orce ___________________________ The innermost layer of the Earth, which generates heat to the mantle. What is It Plate Tectonic Theory Plate Tectonic Theory was developed in 1960s, stating that the Earth’s lithosphere-the crust and the upper mantle- is broken up into several pieces called plates that move slowly. It explains how the massive plates move along the different types of plate tectonic boundaries (convergent, divergent, and transform fault) where they interact, and the geologic events (earthquakes and subduction) and geologic features (formation of mountains, volcanoes, and trenches) that occur at their boundaries. 4 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 What Makes Lithospheric Plates Move? A convection current is a heat transfer process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another. The convection currents tend to move a fluid, gas particles, or molten rock. These are due to the differences in the densities and the temperature of a specific gas or a fluid. Due to this temperature difference, the hot fluid tends to rise as it expands, whereas cold fluid tends to sink because it contracts. Convection is one of the kinds of heat transfer; the other two are radiation and conduction. Illustrator: Marianne D. Soriano Convection current also happens in the mantle. The mantle is the second inner layer of Earth, made up of mostly hot rocks and magma. It is a very hot layer because of the heat generated by the core. The source of heat from the core is due to the decay or breakdown of radioactive elements. Mantle convection is a process by which thermal convection occurs in the inner layer of the earth. The differences in the temperature at the Earth’s interior and surface cause convection currents to occur within the mantle. Lithospheric plates are the parts of the uppermost layer of the Earth, and they are flowing in an area called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a soft, less rigid upper part of the mantle where the lithospheric plates float and move around. Plates move slowly and continuously when the hot less dense material rises. The rising hot material cools down in a certain area. Hence, it becomes denser than the cool, dense material sinks that creates convection cell, with hot rising currents and cool sinking currents are regularly repeated and become a cycle. The movement of 5 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 the lithospheric plate is attributed to mantle convection and considered as one of the driving mechanisms for plate motion. The lithosphere at the divergent boundary will uplift and tear apart due to the rising of hot magma. The sinking of magma pulls down the tectonic plate at a convergent boundary. Aside from mantle convection, ridge push, sliding, and slab pull are other forces that move the lithospheric plates. In the process of slab pull, the presence of a heavier subducting plate pulls down the trailing slab into the subduction zone. In a ridge push or gravitational sliding process, the old oceanic crust becomes heavier than the new oceanic crust and sinks because of the weight of the raised ridge, which pushes down the older oceanic crust towards the trench at the subduction zone. What’s More You have learned from the previous activity about what is happening during convection. Convection is a kind of heat transfer. Heat transfer in convection is caused by differences in temperature and density within a fluid or gas particle. To further understand this process, answer the first enrichment activity of this module. Activity 1: Rise and Fall Let’s use these materials: paper, ball pen, pictures of the heat transfer process Let’s do it this way: A. On the space provided, put a checkmark (√ ) on the items that describe or present a convection process. Place a cross mark (X) on the items that do not show a convection process. B. Write five examples of a situation or object that uses convection current C. Answer in a separate sheet of paper 6 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 Assessment 1: 1._________________ boiling of water Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas Warming of spoon 2._________________ Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas 3._______________ rising of hot air balloon Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas 4._______________ Burning of wood Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas 5._______________ melting of ice Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas B. Example of situation or object that uses convection current 1.______________________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________ 7 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 Good job! Can you now explain convection as a kind of heat transfer? Plates move by bumping, in the opposite direction, and sliding past each other resulting in making areas of volcanic activities, earthquake, and mountain formation. According to scientists, the motion is driven by a convection current mechanism within the earth. This time, connect your understanding of the convection process from the previous enrichment activity. You may now continue onto the next activity. Activity 2: Lithospheric Float Let’s use these materials: paper, ball pen, a picture showing convection process. Illustrator: Richard C. Paragas Let’s do it this way: 1. Refer to the picture to answer the questions that follow. 2. Answer in a separate sheet of paper Assessment 2: Based on the picture, 1. What represents the plates? 2. What represents the mantle? 3. Where is the heat source? 4. Why are the blocks of wood floating? 5. Which part of the water has a greater density? Lesser density? 6. Explain convection current Continue doing good! 8 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  After learning how plates move due to convection current, you are now ready to do the next enrichment activity. You will get acquainted and be familiarized with some geological features and events deep within the Earth. Activity 3: Get to the Right Track! Let’s use these materials: 1. paper, ball pen Let’s do it this way: 1. Read and understand the statements. 2. Answer in a separate sheet of paper. Assessment 3: Arrange the following events in the mantle convection process. Use numbers 1-5. ____a. Lithospheric plates move in the asthenosphere due to the rising and sinking of materials. ____b. The decomposition of radioactive elements causes heat in the interior part of the Earth. ____c. Heat slowly rises to the mantle and creates convection current. ____d. Heat moves to the core. ____e. The process repeats as a cycle. What I Have Learned Let’s summarize your lesson and activities! Sum Up Challenge. Let’s use these materials: 1. ball pen 9 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 Let’s do it this way: Complete the paragraph by choosing the correct answer from the box. ACROSS 5. Heat transfer in convection is cause by differences in ____ and density in a fluid or gas particle. 6. Magma is made of ______ rock formed beneath the Earth's surface 9. This is where lithospheric plates flow. 10. In the asthenosphere, there are lithospheric ______ DOWN 1. The lithosphere at the _________ boundary will uplift and tear apart due to hot magma 2. Convection currents also happen in the ______. 3. A convection current is a ____ transfer process 4. The source of heat from the core is due to the decay of ___________ elements. 7. The presence of a heavier subducting plate pulls down the trailing slab to the subduction zone 8. A __________ current tends to move a fluid, gas particles, or molten rock. 10 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  What I Can Do HOW DO WE COOK BY CONVECTION? Palitaw is a kind of sweet, chewy, and flattened rice cake. This Filipino rice cake is prepared by soaking glutinous rice grains in water overnight and then processed as a dough. The dough is flattened into small pieces and cooked in boiling water until they float; this is the reason it was called palitaw. Based on your knowledge about convection current, make a sketch that can explain why palitaw floats in boiling water. In a separate sheet, sketch the convection current occurring in making the said rice cake. 11 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  The scoring rubric below will be used by your teacher in assessing your output. Satisfactory Needs Excellent Category Good (4pts) improvement Score (5pts) (3pts) (1pt) Accuracy The sketch The sketch is The sketch is The sketch is is accurate and slightly not accurate. excellently is able to accurate and accurate explain some cannot fully and can of the explain the explain the information information information asked. needed. asked. Sketch The sketch The sketch is The sketch is The sketch is is neat, legible. The somewhat not legible or and concept is okay but is clear at all. necessary clear and not exactly markings legible but can neat and are found be neater. legible. on the paper. It shows a clear and legible concept. Understanding The learner The learner The learner The learner of the topic understood has a has a has not the lesson sufficient sufficient understood and is able comprehension understanding most of the to apply it of the lesson of the lesson lesson and to the and can apply but is not cannot apply activity. it to the applied in the it to the activity. activity. activity. TOTAL (15pts): 12 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following DOES NOT describe a convection process? A. the handle of a metal pot is hot while cooking B. boiling of macaroni pasta C. a sea breeze D. ocean water in the surface is warmer 2. Which of the following has a faster movement of molecules? A. hot materials B. warm materials C. cold materials D. room temperature materials 3. Which of the following has a lesser density in a convection cell? A. warm fluid materials B. cold fluid materials C. room temperature fluid materials D. hot fluid materials 4. In a convection current, hot materials move ______________. A. any direction B. sideward C. upward D. downward 5. The motion of gas or liquid caused by differences in temperature is a _________. A. tectonic movement B. plate tectonic C. convection current D. magma chamber 6.Which is not a geologic feature that occurs in the plate boundaries? A. mountains B. volcanoes C. trenches D. subduction 7. In which part of the innermost layer of the earth does convection current occur? A. inner core B. outer core C. mantle D. asthenosphere 13 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 8. Lithosphere at ________________boundary will uplift and tear apart due to rising hot magma. A. convergent B. divergent C. transform-fault D. mantle 9. Older oceanic crust pushes down towards the ______________at the subduction zone. A. ridge B. trench C. fault D. crack 10. What is the source of heat generated by the core to the mantle? A. gases B. decayed radioactive elements C. molten rocks D. molten metals. 14 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  Additional Activities Mantle Convection Infographic Let’s use these materials: For non-digital infographic: any size paper, Earth Science book, ruler, scissors, glue stick or paste, pencil, and colored pencils or markers For digital infographic: any electronic device with internet Let’s do it this way: 1. Make a Mantle Convection Infographic. An infographic is a visual image that is designed to represent information and knowledge in a quick and clear manner. 2. The orientation of the infographic must be portrait. You may create the infographic with traditional materials like a pen, colored paper, and coloring materials; or you may create the infographic digitally using platforms such as Canva. 3. The infographic must include the following focus questions: a. What causes convection currents? b. What causes convection currents in Earth's mantle? Your output in this activity will be rated by your teacher according to the following criteria. Needs Excellent Satisfactory Category Good (4pts) improvemen Score (5pts) (3pts) t (1pt) Infographic The The The The infographic is infographic infographic infographic very contains holds does not informative. sufficient enough bear The focus information on information, information question was the topic. Can too vague. that answered by use more subjects to the elaboration. the topic. information in the pamphlet. Content The The The The information is information is information information well-organized, organized, needs more is confusing with with organization and references references ,and plagiarized. properly cited. cited. It is references No confusion are not 15 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4  on the set of good enough cited content. to understand. properly. Design The design of The design of The design No design at the infographic the infographic of the all. is eye-catching is well-made infographic and creative. but needs a is dull and The color more uniform needs more scheme and theme. elements. diagrams are uniform and neat. TOTAL (15pts): Copy and accomplish this self-rating table adapted from Valdoz (2017) before returning the module to your teacher. How I Rate My Self… Fair Good Excellent How much did this module help you (5 (8 (10 points) points) points) Understand the process of convection Explain the convection current in the mantle that drives the lithospheric plates to move 16 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 17 Activity 2 Activity 3 What I have 1. Wood blocks learned a. 4 2. Water b. 1 ACROSS 3. Heat from a hot c. 3 5. Temperature plate d. 2 6. Molten 4. Because of e. 5 9. Asthenosphere convection current 10. plates 5. Near the bottom- greater density, near DOWN the surface lesser 1. Divergent density 2. Mantle 6. It is the rising of 3. Heat warm water and 4. Radioactive sinking of cold water 7. Slab pull due to their differences in 8. convection temperature Assessment 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10.B Answer Key CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 18 What I Know What Is It? What’s more 1. A 1. Mantle 2. A 2. Asthenosphere Activity 1 3. D 3. Magma 4. B 4. Convection 1. ✔ 5. C current 2. X 6. B 5. core 3. ✔ 7. B 4. X 8. A 5. ✔ 9. C 10.C References Printed Materials Science Learner’s Module 10, pp. 53-78 Electronic Sources: Byju's. (2016, October 25). Convection Currents - Definition and Examples | How Convenction Current Works. Retrieved 2020, from BYJUS website: https://byjus.com/physics/convection-currents/ Convection Currents. (2019).[ebook] Minnessota: Barnsville Public Schools. https://www.barnesville.k12.mn.us/cms/lib/MN02204890/Centricity/Dom ain/94/Convection_Currents_Lab.pdf [Accessed 20 Nov. 2019]. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.. The Theory of Plate Tectonics [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://www.readington.k12.nj.us/cms/lib/NJ01000244/Centricity/Domai n/121/7-3%20science%20notebook%20answers.pdf Kirchoff. 2018. What Are Convection Currents? https://sciencing.com/convection- currents-8172073.html Lexington Public Schools. https://lps.lexingtonma.org/cms/lib2/MA01001631/Centricity/Domain/13 20/HeatPra Manalo, L. (2019, November 28). Palitaw with Toasted Sesame Seeds. Retrieved from https://www.kawalingpinoy.com/palitaw/ McGraw-Hill Companies. “Glencoe Science: Plate Tectonics” http://lincoln8science.weebly.com/uploads/3/6/5/0/3650206/ges_511_1_ g1.pdf Nelson. 2015. “Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics” https://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/pltect.htm Pearson Education. 2017. http://epsc.wustl.edu/seismology/book/presentations/pearson/2017/MGE S19_SE_FL_PlateTectonics_2PP_MW_withJB.pdf Pearson Education. Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science. https://msguscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/8/10680370/earth_scien ce_review.pdf Pearson Education. https://sphs.net/teachers/petropulosd/documents/Convection%20and%20 the%20Mantle.pdf Unknown Author. https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/71 10/Week%207%20Quiz-Plate%20tectonics.pd https://d3jc3ahdjad7x7.cloudfront.net/zd9BGtr4d0ZRAoBPFbXxlFgCilP5wz8k6DB 19 CO_Q1_Science10_Module 4 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]