Science Reviewer Grade 9 PDF

**SSG MX6 REVIEWERS GRADE 9** **SCIENCE REVIEWER** ***WEATHER AND CLIMATE*** **WEATHER** **CLIMATE** ------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Short term (day to day) Long-term pattern of weather Limited area Average temperatu...

**SSG MX6 REVIEWERS GRADE 9** **SCIENCE REVIEWER** ***WEATHER AND CLIMATE*** **WEATHER** **CLIMATE** ------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Short term (day to day) Long-term pattern of weather Limited area Average temperature and precipitation over time Changes rapidly Difficult to predict **FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHER:** 1. 2. **2 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE:** 1. - - - - 2. - - - **WIND SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES** \*WIND- movement of air in the atmosphere causes by a **difference in air pressure** due to **unequal heating** **NORTHEAST MONSOON** **SOUTHWEST MONSOON** **TRADE WINDS** ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AKA Hanging Amihan AKA Hanging Habagat March-Early May November-March June-October Comes from the **North Pacific Ocean** and reaches the Philippines from the **east** Brings cold temperature from northern hemisphere (winter) The cold front from Australia meets with the warm front in the Philippines, causing the **rainy season** in the **western** part of the country Brings rain only to the **eastern** part of the Philippines **CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING** **CLIMATE CHANGE** -A **long-term** change in the average weather patterns *CAUSED BY 3 NATURAL FACTORS:* 1. 2. 3. **GLOBAL WARMING** -Earth's average temperature is **increasing,** caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (mostly from human activities) *GLOBAL CLIMATE PHENOMENON:* -Any **major change** in an ocean current that can cause a change in climate 1. 2. 3. **Greenhouse Gases-** gases that absorbs and emits radiant energy *COMPOSED OF:* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *ATMOSPHERE MAIN GASES PERCENTAGE:* **STARS & CONSTELLATIONS** **STARS** -Massive balls of **gas** that emit light -Hot balls of plasma that shine because of **nuclear fusion** occurring at the **core** -Mostly made up of **hydrogen** and **helium** - - - *CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS:* 1. - - 2. - - - - - 3. - - - - - 4. **CONSTELLATIONS** -**Group** of stars that appear to form a **pattern** in the sky -**88** confirmed constellations by the **IAU** **(International Astronomical Union)** -Constellations you see depend on your **location, date,** and **time** -Most have **legends, myths,** or **stories** behind them - - ***THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE*** \*POLARIS- THE NORTH STAR- the Earth's "celestial" north pole remains directly in line with Polaris as it rotates on its axis (polaris is a tool for navigation) \*ZODIAC- band of 13 constellations along the ecliptic \*ECLIPTIC- plane of Earth's orbit around the sun *CIRCUMPOLAR CONSTELLATIONS* *-*Can be seen **all year long** -**Never** fully set below the horizon -Moves **counterclockwise** around Polaris and is caused by the Earth's rotation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. ***THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE*** -**No polar star** as a reference point 1. a. b. c. d. 2. 3. 4. 5. \*HYDRA- southern end reached Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer (largest constellation) ***THE ZODIAC CONSTELLATIONS*** -Lie along the plane of the ecliptic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. ***ASTRONOMY VS. ASTROLOGY*** **ASTRONOMY** **ASTROLOGY** -------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Study of celestial objects and the universe as a whole Study of movement and position of celestial objects, their supposed influence on human lives Branch of science Considered a pseudoscience Astronomers are scientists that study astronomy Astrologers are people who use astrology to predict future events **THE 12 ZODIACS:**