Science Midterm Reviewer PDF

SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEWER Body Systems, Functions, and Organs 7. Respiratory System 11 Organ Systems and Their Functions ○ Composed of: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm. 1. I...

SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEWER Body Systems, Functions, and Organs 7. Respiratory System 11 Organ Systems and Their Functions ○ Composed of: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm. 1. Integumentary System ○ Function: Oxygen-carbon ○ Composed of: Skin, hair, dioxide exchange with the nails, glands. environment. ○ Function: Protective barrier, 8. Digestive System temperature regulation, ○ Composed of: Mouth, sensory reception. esophagus, stomach, 2. Skeletal System intestines, liver, pancreas. ○ Composed of: Bones, ○ Function: Food breakdown, cartilage, ligaments, tendons. nutrient absorption, waste ○ Function: Support, elimination. movement, protection of 9. Urinary System organs, and storage of ○ Composed of: Kidneys, minerals. ureters, bladder, urethra. 3. Muscular System ○ Function: Waste removal, ○ Composed of: Smooth, fluid and electrolyte balance, skeletal, and cardiac blood pressure regulation. muscles. 10. Endocrine System ○ Function: Movement, ○ Composed of: Glands posture, heat generation. (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, 4. Nervous System reproductive). ○ Composed of: Brain, spinal ○ Function: Hormone cord, nerves. production for growth, ○ Function: Coordination, metabolism, reproduction, control, sensory perception, development. motor control, cognition. 11. Reproductive System 5. Cardiovascular System ○ Composed of: Ovaries, ○ Composed of: Heart, blood uterus, fallopian tubes, vessels, blood. testes, seminal vesicles, ○ Function: Transport of prostate. oxygen, nutrients, waste; ○ Function: Gamete production temperature and pH for reproduction. regulation. 6. Lymphatic System ○ Composed of: Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus. ○ Function: Immunity, fluid balance, transport of fatty acids.  SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEWER Key Points by System 1. Integumentary System: Protects against external threats; houses sensory receptors. 2. Skeletal System: Framework of the body; stores calcium and phosphorus. 3. Muscular System: Drives both voluntary and involuntary movements. 4. Nervous System: Brain's communication system through electrical impulses. 5. Cardiovascular System: Essential for nutrient delivery and waste removal. 6. Lymphatic System: Critical in immune response and interstitial fluid balance. 7. Respiratory System: Vital for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion. 8. Digestive System: Breaks food into absorbable nutrients; expels waste. 9. Urinary System: Maintains body's internal balance by filtering blood. 10. Endocrine System: Regulates body processes through hormones. 11. Reproductive System: Ensures the continuation of species.  SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEWER Heredity, Inheritance, and Variation Quick Recap Questions 1. What is heredity? Heredity ○ The transfer of traits from parents to offspring. Definition: The passing of physical or 2. What is inheritance? mental traits from one generation to ○ How specific genetic the next through genes. information is passed down. Key Idea: Family resemblance 3. What causes variation in traits? through shared traits. ○ A mix of genetic and Example: Eye color or height environmental factors. resembling parents. Inheritance Definition: The process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. Key Idea: How exact genetic information is transferred. Example: Blood type or genetic conditions inherited from each parent. Variation of Traits Definition: Differences in traits among individuals in a population, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Key Idea: Explains diversity in traits within a population. Example: Variation in height due to genes and nutrition. Important Concept: ○ Heritability: The degree to which genetic factors contribute to phenotypic variation.  SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEWER The 7E Learning Cycle Model 4. Explain: Students share findings, and the teacher connects them with real-world examples. 5. Elaborate: Conduct a hands-on Overview of the 7E Model activity, such as treating "dirty water" using filtration techniques. Developed by: Arthur Eisenkraft 6. Evaluate: Use a quiz or (2003). self-assessment to check Based on: Inquiry-based learning understanding. and constructivist theory. 7. Extend: Create posters to raise Stages: awareness about water pollution. 1. Elicit: Discover prior knowledge (e.g., asking questions or using KWL charts). Key Differences Between 5E and 7E 2. Engage: Stimulate curiosity (e.g., showing videos or 5E Model: Engage, Explore, storytelling). Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate. 3. Explore: Hands-on activities 7E Model: Adds Elicit (prior to investigate concepts. knowledge) and Extend (real-world 4. Explain: Discuss and clarify application). concepts with teacher and peers. 5. Elaborate: Apply learning to Quick Recap Questions deepen understanding. 6. Evaluate: Assess knowledge 1. What are the 7 stages of the 7E using quizzes, rubrics, and model? self-assessment. ○ Elicit, Engage, Explore, 7. Extend: Transfer knowledge Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate, to real-world contexts (e.g., Extend. projects or campaigns) 2. Who developed the 7E model? ○ Arthur Eisenkraft. Example Lesson Plan Using 7E Model 3. How does the 7E model enhance Topic: Water Pollution learning? ○ By building on prior 1. Elicit: Ask questions like, "What knowledge, encouraging happens when harmful substances exploration, and applying enter water bodies?" concepts to real life. 2. Engage: Show a video or perform a 4. What’s the difference between the small experiment demonstrating 5E and 7E models? water contamination. ○ The 7E model includes Elicit 3. Explore: Divide students into groups and Extend stages. to research causes, effects, and solutions for water pollution.