Science Exam Study Sheet - Jake M - PDF

Exam long question: How to reduce ecological footprint. Ecology: 1. Biotic = Living Abiotic = Non-living 2. Photosynthesis: The food making process of plants Cellular respiration: A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce 3. 4. Energy is tran...

Exam long question: How to reduce ecological footprint. Ecology: 1. Biotic = Living Abiotic = Non-living 2. Photosynthesis: The food making process of plants Cellular respiration: A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce 3. 4. Energy is transferred in an ecosystem by food webs from producers to consumers. 5. A equilibrium is a state of balance between opposing forces. Carrying capacity is the number of individuals in a species. Limiting factor is an abiotic or biotic factor that restricts the number of individuals in a population. 6. Competition: Members struggle to obtain resources needed for survival. Predation: When a predator eats its prey.  Symbiosis: Interaction of organisms that live together. 7. Mutualism: Both organism's benefit. Parasitism: One benefits and one is harmed Commensalism: One benefits and one is neutral 8. 9. Ecological footprint is an estimate of how much land and water is needed to support your lifestyle. 10. We can help with sustainability by recycling, conserving energy, conserving water, carpooling. Chemistry: 1. Matter is anything with mass and volume. 2. 3. Pure substances: Made of only one substance. Mixtures: 2 or more pure substances. Elements: Only one kind of atom present. Compounds: Made of different elements attached together Homogeneous: 2 or more pure substances but looks like one. E.g. Apple juice Heterogeneous: You can visually see the different substances within. Suspensions: Particles will separate with gravity (sand and water in bottle) 4. Physical properties of matter are characteristics of a substance that can be used to identify it. (State, colour, texture, odour) 5. Qualitative properties: Properties that can be observed without measuring. Quantitative properties: Described using numbers and units of measurement. 6. Chemical change: The formation or a new substance(s). Physical change: Alters on the form or state of the substance. 7. 8. Density Formulas: D = M/V M=DxV V = M/D 9. An atom is the smallest particle of matter. 10. Metals: Shiny and hard materials that are conductors, ductile, and malleable. Non-Metals: Brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and not malleable. 11. Atomic number: Top right number 12. Atomic mass: Bottom middle number 13. Atomic mass – Atomic number = # of neutrons 14. 1. 2. 3.  4. In atoms the electrons are in the orbits. Only 2 electrons are in the first orbit, and the rest of the orbits can hold 8. 5. The valence shell is 6. Be able to draw Bohr- Rutherford diagrams of atoms. 7. Be able to draw Lewis-Dot diagrams of atoms. 8. An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. A cation is a positively charged ion. An anion is a negatively charged ion. 9. Ion charge is top right number. 10. Chemical bonds hold molecules together. 11. 12. 13. 14. Electricity: 1. Electric charges is when 2. P = Protons: Positive (In nucleus) E = Electrons: Negative (Outside nucleus) N = Neutrons: Neutral (In nucleus) 3. Static charge is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. 4. Friction is a force that resists motion between two surfaces in contact.  5. Attraction: Comes together Repulsion: Goes away 6. Insulator: Materials whose atoms hold onto their electrons tightly. Conductor: Materials whose atoms hold onto their electrons loosely. 7. 1. Current electricity is a flow of charged particles. 2. Series circuit: Only one path. Parallel circuit: More than one path. 3. A switch in a series controls every load. 4. Factors that affect resistance: -Temperature -Material 5. Be able to draw circuit diagrams 6. Series: One path Parallel: More than one path 7. Astronomy: 1. Order of Planets: 1. Mercury 2. Venus  3. Earth 4. Mars 5. Jupiter 6. Saturn 7. Uranus 8. Neptune 2. The first four planets are made of rock and metal. The last four planets are made of hydrogen and helium. 3. In space distance is measured by lightyears (LY). 4. Stars produce energy by fusion reactions. 5. Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape 6. 3 types of galaxies: -Spiral -Elliptical -Irregular 7. Earth belongs in the galaxy called the Milky Way.