Science - Chap. 15-16 Study Guide PDF

Know the domain, kingdom, and phylum of each animal we discussed. Domain Kingdom Phylum Seastar Eukarya Animalia Echinodermata Planarian Eukarya Animalia Platyhelminthes Blue...

Know the domain, kingdom, and phylum of each animal we discussed. Domain Kingdom Phylum Seastar Eukarya Animalia Echinodermata Planarian Eukarya Animalia Platyhelminthes Blue Crab Eukarya Animalia Arthropoda Tapeworm Eukarya Animalia Platyhelminthes What is the class for the following animals? 1. Squid - Cephalopoda 2. Horseshoe crab - Polyphemus 3. Slug - Gastropoda 4. Grasshopper - Insecta 5. Snail - Gastropoda 2. Three classes for flatworms: planarians, flukes, tapeworms 3. Planarian sense organs and their uses a. Sensory lobes: side of head used to find food b. Eye spots: used to sense light 4. Why don’t tapeworms have eyes or digestive systems? a. They don’t need eyes because they live in dark environments and don’t move or sense light b. They don’t need a digestive system because they absorb nutrients from their host’s digestive tract 5. Two ways that roundworms are more complex than cnidarians. a. Eye spots b. Sensory lobes 6. Define detritivore. a. Animals that feeds on dead plant/animal matter 7. Three classes of segmented worms. a. Earthworms  b. Marine worms c. leeches 8. How is the circulatory system of an earthworm different than that of a clam? Be specific! a. Earthworms have a closed circulatory system, meaning that blood is confined to blood vessels throughout its body. Clams, being mollusks, have an open circulatory system, where the blood is not fully contained within vessels but rather flows freely within body cavities. 9. How is the digestive system of an earthworm more complex than the digestive system of a pinworm? a. Earthworms have a complete digestive system, which means they have a mouth and an anus, and their digestive system is divided into specialized regions that perform different functions. Pinworms, on the other hand, are parasitic roundworms (nematodes) with a simpler digestive system that is suited for their parasitic lifestyle. 10. How do earthworms breathe? a. Through their skin 11. What is a polychaete? a. Segmented worm that lives in the water and has bristles 12. How do earthworms benefit plants? a. Overall, earthworms contribute to a healthier, more productive soil environment, leading to stronger and more vigorous plant growth. 13. What two things help earthworms move? a. Muscles b. bristles 14. Three classes of mollusks. a. Gastropoda b. Bivalvia c. ceholopoda 15. Name and describe the four main mollusk body parts. a. Shell - used for protection b. Mantle - covers the visceral mass c. Visceral Mass - contains the gut, gills, and all other organs  d. Foot - movement and to capture their prey 16. What is the difference between mollusk and echinoderm symmetry? a. Mollusks - have bilateral symmetry b. Echinoderm - Larva (bilateral symmetry) and adulty (radial symmetry) 17. Create a chart showing the difference between the following characteristics in the three classes of mollusk: # Shells Movement How they eat Type of circulatory system Gastropoda 0 or 1 1 foot radulla open Bivalvia 2 stationary Filter feeder open Cepholopoda 0 or 1 tentacles Catch prey closed with tentacles 18. How do cephalopods protect themselves? a. Camouflage b. Ink releases c. Jet propulsion 19. Four classes of arthropods we discussed. a. Arachnids b. millipedes/centipedes c. Insects d. crustaceans 20.Four characteristics shared by all arthropods. a. Segmented bodies b. Jointed limbs c. Exoskeleton d. Nervous system 21. What is an exoskeleton, and what is it made of? a. Protects internal organs and made of proteins and chitin 22.Name some special sense organs that some arthropods have.  a. Wings b. Antennae c. claws 23.How are the bodies of arachnids different from insects? Body Legs Wings Antennae Segments Arachnids 2 8 0 0 Insects 3 6 2 pairs 1 pair 24.Create a chart showing the difference between the following characteristics in the four main classes of arthropods: # legs Mouthparts Antennae Centipedes/ 1 pair on each 1 pair of 1 pair Millipedes segment mandibles (centipede) 2 pairs on each segment (millipede) Arachnids 4 pairs of legs Claw like mouth 0 parts - chelicerae Insects 6 legs mandible Crustaceans # of legs varies mandible 2 pairs Most have gills 25.Describe the skeletal system of echinoderms. a. Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates or ossicles. b. Radial symmetry with ossicles arranged around a central axis. c. Presence of spines and pedicellariae for defense and protection. 26.Describe the nervous system of echinoderms. a. Nerve ring b. Radial nerve c. Simple eyes d. Cells e. Sense touch f. Chemical signals 27.Describe the water vascular system of echinoderms. a. Sieve plate - water enters through holes b. Ring Canal - water flows through tube around mouth c. Radial canals - flows into it in the arms d. Tube feet - radial canals connect to tiny suckers e. Ampulla - tube feet connect to it 28. List the five groups of echinoderms we discussed. a. Sea stars or starfish b. Brittle stars and basket stars c. Sea urchins and sand dollars d. Sea lilies and feather stars e. Sea cucumbers 29. What is the difference between an endotherm and an ectotherm? a. Endotherms (mammals) - temperature is constantly internally regulated b. Ectotherm (reptiles) - temperature is dependent on the environment  30.Create a chart showing the difference between the following characteristics in cartilaginous and bony fish: skin, skeletons, how they breathe, how they remain buoyant. skin skeletons breathe Remain buoyant cartilaginous Smooth Bone based Gills Swim bladder covered by skeleton scales bony Rough scales Cartilage gills Large liver based with oil skeleton 31. What kind of circulatory system do fish have? a. closed 32.What is a lateral line? a. The lateral line is a sensory system found in fish and some amphibians that helps them detect movement and vibrations in the water. It is primarily used to sense changes in water pressure and currents around the animal, helping them navigate, hunt for food, avoid predators, and communicate.