Science Calnatsci7 Qtr1 Reviewer

**SCIENCE CALNATSCI7 QTR1 REVIEWER** Name the atomic model shown below. Rutherford's nuclear model 1\. **How does Rutherford\'s model differ from Thomson\'s Plum Pudding Model?** **Answer:** Rutherford\'s model proposes a concentrated, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom, with e...

**SCIENCE CALNATSCI7 QTR1 REVIEWER** Name the atomic model shown below. Rutherford's nuclear model 1\. **How does Rutherford\'s model differ from Thomson\'s Plum Pudding Model?** **Answer:** Rutherford\'s model proposes a concentrated, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom, with electrons orbiting around it, unlike Thomson\'s model where electrons are embedded in a positively charged sphere. 2\. **What new subatomic particle and atomic structure did Rutherford\'s model introduce?** **Answer**: Rutherford\'s model introduced the concept of a nucleus, a dense, positively charged center of the atom, containing protons, and electrons orbiting around it in specific energy levels.  Billiard ball / solid sphere model **(JOHN DALTON -- 1803**) - Atoms are hard spheres - Atoms as tiny, solid balls -- like miniaturebilliard balls - Atoms are indivisible and indestructible ***Limitation: Didn't account for the presence of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons.*** 1\. **What are the main features of Dalton\'s Atomic Model?** **Answer:** Dalton\'s model describes atoms as solid, indivisible spheres that are unique to each element. They combine in whole number ratios to form compounds and are rearranged, not destroyed, in chemical reactions. 2\. **How does Dalton describe atoms in terms of their properties and behavior?** **Answer:** Dalton saw atoms as tiny, solid spheres with specific properties based on their element. He believed they combined in fixed ratios to create compounds and rearranged during chemical reactions. How does Dalton describe atoms in terms of their properties and behavior? Thomson's Plum Pudding model 1\. **What new discovery led to the development of Thomson\'s Plum Pudding Model?** **Answer**: The discovery of the electron, a negatively charged particle within the atom, led Thomson to propose his model. 2\. **How does this model describe the structure of the atom compared to Dalton\'s model?** **Answer:** Thomson\'s model suggests the atom is a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, like plums in a pudding. This differs from Dalton\'s model, which depicted the atom as a solid, indivisible sphere.  Quantum mechanical/ Electron cloud model Electrons are spread out in a "cloud" around the nucleus. The cloud isn't a solid thing; it's like a map of where you're likely to find the electrons. ***We can't pinpoint an exact path for an electron, but only the probability of where it might be.*** ***Limitations: Requires advanced mathematics to calculate electron probabilities*** **What are the key differences in how electrons are represented in the Quantum Mechanical Model versus previous models?** **Answer:** The Quantum Mechanical Model represents electrons as probability clouds or orbitals, indicating the likelihood of finding an electron in a specific region of space, rather than fixed orbits as in previous models. This reflects the wave-particle duality of electrons and their unpredictable behavior. **Bohr's planetary model** Atoms resemble our solar system Atom has a small, dense nucleus at the center Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific paths or "orbits" Electrons can only orbit at certain distances from the nucleus ***Limitations Couldn\'t account for the behavior of multi-electron atoms*** **How does Bohr\'s model describe the arrangement of electrons?** **Answer**: Bohr\'s model depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific, quantized energy levels or shells. Each shell can hold a fixed number of electrons, and electrons can jump between shells by absorbing or releasing energy. **CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING AS ELEMENT OR COMPOUND** **COMPOUND** **ELEMENTS**     **7 STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN USING SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION** 1. Identifying problems 2. Data gathering/making observations 3. Formulating a hypothesis 4. Experimentation/testing the hypothesis 5. Organize and analyze data 6. Draw conclusions 7. Application/communicate results DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE 1. SURVEY 2. EXPERIMENT 3. INTERVIEW 4. OBSERVATION 2 Types of Data 1. Quantitative data 2. Qualitative data