Nervous System (Week 1) PDF

NERVOUS SYSTEM — Week 1 Functions of the Cerebrum Occipital: vision Anatomy of a Neuron Frontal: cognitive functions and Dendrites: Receive information control voluntary movements towards the...

NERVOUS SYSTEM — Week 1 Functions of the Cerebrum Occipital: vision Anatomy of a Neuron Frontal: cognitive functions and Dendrites: Receive information control voluntary movements towards the cell body. Parietal: temperature, taste, touch, Axons: Send messages away from the and movement cell body. Temporal: process memories, Cell Body: Contains the nucleus. integrating with different sensations Synapse: Relay point between neurons, transmitting nerve impulses. Cerebellum: Controls balance and Myelin Sheath: Covers axons, complex motor functions. speeding up nerve impulse transmission. Brain Stem: Connects the spinal cord to the brain, regulating survival functions. Three distinct regions: Types of Neurons Medulla Oblongata: controls Sensory Neurons: Transmit signals involuntary actions from sense organs to the brain. Midbrain: process visual and Motor Neurons: Transmit signals from auditing reflexes the brain and spinal cord to muscles Pons: helps control respiratory and glands. function Interneurons: Process sensory information and regulate motor Spinal Cord: Transmits nerve signals activity. between the brain and the body, responsible for sensory, motor, and Neural Processing autonomic functions. Nerve Impulse: Dendrites to axons Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Uses neurotransmitters to cross Sensory Nerves: Carry signals synapses. related to the five senses to the brain. Divisions of the Nervous System Motor Nerves: Transmit signals to muscles and glands. Central Nervous System (CNS) Somatic: Controls voluntary Brain: The central processing unit activities. encased by the skull. Autonomic: Controls involuntary activities (e.g., heart rate). Parts of the brain: Classifications: Cerebrum: Responsible for thinking and Parasympathetic: Maintains voluntary actions. homeostasis and restful functions.  Sympathetic: Prepares the 5. Parkinson’s Disease body for "fight or flight" A progressive disorder affecting responses. nervous system function. Risk Factors: Age, genetic factors, Diseases and Disorders of the exposure to certain toxins, and Nervous System prior head injuries. 1. ADHD (Attention Deficit 6. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Hyperactivity Disorder) An autoimmune disease affecting Symptoms: Inattention, the central nervous system. hyperactivity, impulsivity. Risk Factors: Family history, Prevalence: Affects about 10% of geographical location, and certain school-aged children. infections. Risk Factors: Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and 7. Tourette Syndrome (TS) neurobiological influences. A neurological disorder characterized by tics. 2. Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors: Family history of TS or A neurodegenerative disease and other tic disorders; prenatal factors major cause of dementia. affecting brain development. Risk Factors: Age, genetic factors, environmental influences, lifestyle 8. Meningitis choices. Infection and inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain 3. Dyslexia and spinal cord. A learning difficulty affecting Risk Factors: Skipping vaccinations, reading and spelling. age (infants and young adults), Risk Factors: Genetic predisposition; pregnancy, and a weakened individual differences in brain immune system. structure related to language processing. 9. Dementia A general term for impaired 4. Aneurysm cognitive function affecting daily A bulge in an artery in the brain. activities. Risk Factors: Untreated high blood Risk Factors: Age, family history, pressure, cigarette smoking, drug poor heart health, certain genetic abuse, age over 40. markers, and traumatic brain injury.