Diseases: Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention

# Diseases ## Disease/Causative Agent | Transmission | Symptoms | VirulenceFactor/Pathogenicity | Sequelae | Prevention ------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- Clostridioides Difficile | Fecal-oral transmission | Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, feces odor, fever | Endospor...

# Diseases ## Disease/Causative Agent | Transmission | Symptoms | VirulenceFactor/Pathogenicity | Sequelae | Prevention ------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- Clostridioides Difficile | Fecal-oral transmission | Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, feces odor, fever | Endospores, contain flagella | Colitis, IBS, recurrence of CDI, death | FMT (fecal microbiota transplantation), antibiotics, hand washing, PPE Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhea | Sexual contact, burning sensation, painful urination, bodily fluids discharge | Pili-motility | PID, chronic pain, Infertility, painful sensations | Men B - vaccine, condoms, safe sex, regular tests Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B Virus | Infected persons, blood semen, vaginal secretions, sharing needles, unprotected sex | HbsAg surface protein, -HbC- protein | Chronic Hepatitis B, liver failure, cirrhosis, liver cancer | Vaccine, safe sex, proper hygiene, sterilized needles Genital Herpes | Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) | Vertical transmission, Sexual contact, kissing, saliva | Painlitching, genitals, blistering, ulcers, symptoms, flu-like| Latency, T cells | Death, recurrent episodes, of lesions, blisters | Safe sex, - no vaccine Syphilis | Treponema Pallidum | Sexual transmission, vertical transmission | sores, body rash | Flagella | Cardiovascular, neuro - syphilis | Safe sex, testing Bacterial Pneumoniae | Streptococcus Pneumoniae | Saliva, mucous secretion, contaminated surfaces | Coughing, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain | Polysaccharide capsule, adherence to host cells, pneumolysin, cell wall component | Necrotizing Pneumoniae, Meningitis, empyema | PPSV vaccine, hygiene practices, not smoking Whooping cough | Bordetella Pertussis | Droplets, respiratory mucosa | Intense coughing, vomiting, headaches | Pertussis toxin disrupts immune system, inc in mucous production | Interstitial respiratory failure, tibial fractures | DTaP vaccine The West Nile Virus | Arbovirus | Mosquitoe bite, female culex mosquito, blood transfusion, birth, breast milk | Fever, flu-like, headache, rash, nausea, paralysis, vomiting | Envelope protein - is not detected | Memory loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, death | Cover skin, avoid outdoors, insect repellent Influenza | Orthomyxovirus, influenza H | Droplets, coughs, contaminated surfaces | Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue | Hemagglutinin, glycoprotein, ana mutates | Fatigue, weakness, - myopericarditis, pneumonia, - encephalopathy | Vaccine, antiviral meds, proper hygiene Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Contaminated food/water, fecal-oral route, person-person | Diantrea, - nausea, fatigue, weight loss | Quorum sensing -bacteria communicates | Malnutrition, irritable bowel syndrome | clean water, sterilize, food hygiene Plague | Yersinia pestis | Flea bite, pneumonic, person-to-person, rodent | Fever, chills, blackening of skin, | Plaminogen activator, FI antigen | Gangrene, organ damage, meningitis, chronic lymphedema | -No vaccine, - reduce rodent habitat, - wear gloves Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | HIV | Body fluids, sex, needles | Major weight loss, mouth sores, diarrhea | HIV - CD4+ hides, glycoproteins attach to CD4+, reverse transcriptase, capsule | Kaposis sarcoma, frequent infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis, vacuolations brain spinal cord swelling | Safe sex, good hygiene, protective clothing, vaccination Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis | -Spores, colonize on skin abrasion or ingestion of contaminated meals, drinks, spores | Cutaneous: lesions on skin | Capsules | Tremor, -non-neurotentanous blood borne, acute respiration, fatigue | Vaccines, avoid blood borne chance, safe sex, masks COVID | SARS-CoV-2 | Respiratory droplets | Fever, fatigue, sore throat, chills | ORF8 proteins, spikes | -Pneumonia, - acute respiration, - fatigue | BCG vaccine, masking, early detection Tuberculosis | M. tuberculosis | Droplets, cough, sneezing | Coughing, night sweats, crest pain | Cord factor, - waxy cell wall, - helps bacteria stay alive - Schick, plagorytosis | Lung damage, weakness, fatigue, - walters, organ damage | BCG vaccine, masking early detection Septicemia | Staphylococcus aureus | Wound, lesion, transmission, medical equipment | High appetite, fever, shortness of breath | Exotoxin-cytoxin, - alpha hemolysin, alpha toxin | Septic shock, cognitive disturbance, organ failure, death | Errod hygiene, care for wounds, sterilization of medical equipment, - no vaccines Lyme Disease | Borrelia burgdorferi | Black legged tick | Flu like, swelling in lymph nodes, bullseye rash | Qouter surface proteins (OSH/Ospc), VISE proteins | Arthritis, Facial paralysis, heart problems | -Avoid tick habitats, no vaccine, cover skin, - no vaccine Group B Strep | Streptococcus agalactiae | During Labor | Respiratory distress, baby doesn't eat | Capsule, adhesins, vaginal epithelium | Meningitis, neural dev shift, neck delays, sensitive to light | Antibiotics during labor Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Droplets, cough, sneezing, skin lesions | Fever, swelling in the neck, inflammation, Pseudomembrane | Secretion of -diphtheria toxin interferes with protein synthesis, capsule | Myocarditis, paralysis, nerve damage, - heart damage, - nerve damage | Vaccine - DTaP Periodontitis | Porphyromanas gingivalis | Non-transmissable, sharing kissing, dental visits | No pain, swelling of gums, redness, poor sensitivity | Capsule inhibits phagocytosis, - promotes cell damage, protease | Inflamed, - cholesterol build up, blood vessels, cardiovascular disease | Good hygiene, obnail trom smoking Rabies | Rabid animal | Animal bite | Flu like, anxiety, hydrophobia, encephalitis | Neurotropism, preference for nerve cells | Death | Vaccines 3 doses, stay away from wild animals Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Tetanus spores into open wounds, contaminated needles | Lockjaw (trismus), headache, sweating, inc heart rate | Exotoxins -tetanolysin -tetanospasmin ( | Brain damage, headaches, hearing loss, heart failure | Infant vaccine, adolescent, adult, pregnancy - Taap Polio | Poliovirus | Fecal oral route, droplet infection | Paralysis, Sionfironth, fatigue, muscle weakness | Neurotropism, preference for nerve cells | Permanent paralysis, atrophy, - muscle weakness | Oral polio vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, proper hygiene Zika | Flavivirus | Mosquitoe bite, sexual transmission, organ/blood transplant | Fever, rash, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, conjunctivitis | Nonstructural proteins | Immune system attacks rerve cells, muscle weakness, paralysis | Anti-repellant, practicing safe sex, precautions for pregnant women, proper clothes Dengue Fever | DENV Virus | Mosquitoes bites, vertical transmission | Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, muscle/joint pains | Caprid protein | Hypobilirubinemia, ibuprofen intolerance, dev defects | No vaccine: protecting yourself, clothes, mosquito net, repellent Scarlet Fever | Streptococcus pyogenes | Coughing, sneezing, direct contact (touching) | Red rash, onset of sore throat, 12-48 hrs after, rash, headache, - swollen tongue, - perias line | Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins | Rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis | No vaccine, antibiotic - penicillin. German Measles | Rubella, | Nasal throat coughs or sneezes, secretions, mother to child - bloodstream | Rash, headache, eye, - swollen tongue, 25-50% dont show symptoms | Viral capsid, red proteins | Miscarriage, CRS, congenital rubella syndrome, deafness, heart disease, blindness | Vaccination, MMR vaccine, hand washing Shingles | Varicella-zoster virus, AKA human herpes virus | Bodily contact, -rep tract lesions | Nerve pain, fluid-filled ran | Latent virus | Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), vision lass | Varicella vaccine, zovartax, shingrix Necrotizing Fasciitis | Group A Streptococcus Pyogens | Open wound, minor trauma | Fever, redness, severe pain, swelling, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness | M protein attaches to host | Septic shock, organ failure, - acute rheumatic fever, - widespread tissue/organ damage, sepsis | Yost debridment, healthy immune system, - no vaccines Gas Gangrene | Clostridium perfringens | Food contaminated, soil/fecal material, - physical contact with wound, no proper hygiene | Blisters, swelling of skin discoloration, redness, sweating, jaundice, foul smell | CPA PFO toxins, Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin, | Renal failure, - sepsis, - coma, - delirium, - death | No vaccine, - clean wounds properly, - treat conditions affecting blood Meningitis | Neisseria meningitidis | Droplets, close contact, person-person, contaminated objects, - contact | Hearing loss, headaches, vomiting, - stiff neck | Polysaccharide capsule | Impacted cognitive function, brain/kidney damage, seizures | - MenACWY vaccine, - serogroup B meningococcal (merls)