Animal Welfare Presentation (PDF)

Presentation Coverage: ❑ Session 12 – Environment Enrichment ❑ Session 13 - Human-Animal Interactions ❑ Session 14 – Animal Cruelty Investigation and Legal Procedures Environment Enrichment PROVIDING WELFARE OF ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY OR IN ENCLOSURES  What is Environment...

Presentation Coverage: ❑ Session 12 – Environment Enrichment ❑ Session 13 - Human-Animal Interactions ❑ Session 14 – Animal Cruelty Investigation and Legal Procedures Environment Enrichment PROVIDING WELFARE OF ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY OR IN ENCLOSURES  What is Environment Enrichment? (Young, 2003) Alteration of environment of captive animals in order to increase their behavioural diversity and thus improve their welfare Show important species-typical behaviours Increased ability to cope with challenges Reduced frequency of abnormal behaviours  fewer negative emotional states Increased positive interaction with the environment  positive emotional states (Boissy et al., 2007)  Approaches to Providing EE ❑Naturalistic approach ❑Behavioural approach Principles Based on primary behaviours of the species in free-living conditions Maximal utilisable space Environmental control Safe Used Economical and practical  Physical − housing Size Complexity, e.g. furniture and accessories Occupational The main Exercise types of EE ‘Toys’, furniture Nutritional Social – human and animal Sensory Environment Enrichment – Bangkok, Thailand Safari Adventure Park Bangkok, Thailand Safari Adventure Park Environment Enrichment – AKF Rescue Center Human – Animal Interactions  Human – Animal Interactions Emotional bond 1. Attachment theory: we are social, emotional beings and need to communicate and empathise with others 2. Biophilia: love of ‘life’ − nature / living beings ◦ Human−animal bond (HAB) Emotional attachment to (companion) animal Farmers too ◦ Cognitive dissonance: Cognitive dissonance theory states that if we hold conflicting or incompatible views, this causes us to experience unpleasant emotions, and that we will change our behaviour or our attitudes in order to overcome this. Factors affecting human behaviours towards animals Psychological: cognitive dissonance, attitudes, personality, experience, empathy, mood (Hemsworth & Coleman, 2010) Sociological: job conditions, time pressure, personal circumstances (Hemsworth & Coleman, 2010; Burton et al., 2012; Kauppinen et al., 2012) Physical: design of housing / infrastructure (Burton et al., 2012) Anthropocentrism: interpreting reality in terms of human experience – pets (Bradshaw & Casey, 2007) Factors affecting handling of farm animals Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen 2002; Kauppinen et al., 2012) This predicts that human behaviour is a result of three elements: Attitude towards the behaviour Belief that we can perform the behaviour Opinions of people who are important to us Animal Cruelty Investigation and Legal Procedures Goat Being Transported on top of a Jeepney enroute to Ducks hanging upside down Baguio City during transport  Dog being stowed inside baggage hold Cattles being hoisted during Transfer in port What is animal Cruelty? RA 8485 as Amended by RA. 10631 ; IRR Abuse, Cruelty and Neglect -include every act, omission, or neglect Whereby unnecessary or unjustifiable physical Pain or suffering is caused or permitted. This includes physical cruelty by assault, overwork, deprivation of adequate food, water, and shelter and proper care during transport, illness, pregnancy and parturition, participation in sporting events at a level beyond the animal’s capacity to perform. Elements of animal cruelty? Rule 6.1 RA 8485 as Amended by RA 10631 IRR: 1. Act or Omission inflicted towards an animal, including acts of neglect and abandonment; 2. Committed by any person; 3. Infliction is either physically or psychologically; 4. Caused unnecessary pain, suffering and distress; Are there differences between animal abuse, cruelty, neglect and maltreatment? Animal abuse (Ascione, 1993:228) Animal abuse (synonymous with cruelty to animals) - “socially unacceptable behavior that intentionally causes unnecessary pain, suffering, or distress to and/or death of an animal” This definition excludes practices that may cause harm to animals yet are socially condoned (e.g., cockfighting, legal hunting, certain agricultural and veterinary practices). Animal abuse (Protection Movement) any use or treatment of animals that seems unnecessarily cruel, regardless of whether the act is against the law. The term "animal cruelty" is sometimes used interchangeably with "animal abuse," but "animal cruelty" is also a legal term that describes acts of animal abuse that are against the law. Animal abuse (study.com) ❑ More than the physical act of hitting or striking something. ❑ Forms of Abuse: may also be referred to as neglect or cruelty ◦ Neglect: withhold food, water, shelter, veterinary care, or a clean and safe living environment from an animal under your care. ◦ Cruelty: inflict any type of harm on an animal. Definitions by the AVMA Animal abuse: more willful failing to provide care or doing something harmful. Abuse implies maltreatment occurred regardless of the intent, motivation or mental condition of the perpetrator, whereas cruelty connotes more deliberate intention. Animal physical abuse: the infliction of injuries or causing unnecessary pain and/or suffering. May be caused by hitting, kicking, throwing, beating, shaking, poisoning, burning, scalding, suffocation, etc Emotional abuse: persistent threatening behaviour or a failure to provide basic needs to the animal. Definitions by the AVMA Animal cruelty: o any act that, by intention or by neglect, causes an animal unnecessary pain or suffering (Sinclair, Merck & Lockwood, 2006). o deliberate infliction of pain on an animal from which the abuser derives enjoyment or amusement (King 1998). o the infliction of pain or distress unnecessarily (Blood & Studdert, 1999). o socially unacceptable behaviour that intentionally causes unnecessary pain, suffering, or distress to and/ or death of an animal (Ascione, 1993).  Definitions by the AVMA Neglect: o lack of care, often resulting from ignorance, poverty, or extenuating circumstances. o Usually results in a failure to provide the basic necessities of life: adequate levels of food, water, shelter, veterinary care, grooming, or sanitation resulting in poor physical conditions. o Neglect is the most common form of animal maltreatment investigated by animal protection authorities. IRR of RA 8485 as amended by RA 10631 Rule 6.1. : “Cruelty to Animals - refers to refers to acts or omissions towards animals inflicted either physically or psychologically including acts of neglect, causing the same to suffer from unnecessary pain, suffering and distress.” Maltreatment ❑ “the act of treating someone cruelly or violently.” (Cambridge dictionary) ❑ maltreatment is what happens when a person (or animal) is abused or deliberately harmed. - Vocabulary.com Maltreatment ❖ abuse, cruelty, neglect are forms of maltreatment in animals Abuse = any harm to animals regardless of the intent, motivation or mental condition of the perpetrator Neglect = an abuse through omissions (unintentional) such as provision of basic needs Cruelty = willful harming or physical animal abuse that are against the law IRR of RA 8485 as amended by RA 10631 “An act of cruelty, abuse and maltreatment shall include but shall not be limited to the following: a) an act that causes unnecessary animal suffering or pain; b) exposing the animal to inhumane conditions and situations including inappropriate shelter and/or transport facility, caging, including the putting of animals in a cargo hold or trunks; c) treatment that is inhumane such as but not limited to overcrowding, neglect or failure to provide adequate care, sustenance and shelter, unnecessary restraint d) overworking an animal or failure to provide necessary rest and shelter; e) abandonment of animal and/or leaving the animal under circumstances likely to cause the animal unnecessary pain and suffering; f) improper and inhumane practices in use of animals during research, television or cinematic production; g) inhumane handling and improper stunning of animals for slaughter; and h) such other analogous acts, situation or condition.”  Summary of Punishable Acts under RA. 8485 as Amended 1. Cruelty, Torture, Maltreatment 2. Neglect to provide adequate care, sustenance and shelter 3. Abandonment 4. Animal Fights ( dog & horsefights) 5. Kill any other animals except cattles, carabao, goat, horse, pigs, poultry, sheep, 6. cause or procure to be tortured or deprived of adequate care, sustenance, shelter 7. Maltreat or use animals in research experiments not expressly authorized by CAW 8. Destruction of natural Habitat of wildlife 9. Non Registration of Facility Responding to Animal Cruelty/AW Compromise ❑ Be Prepared ❑ Evidence gathering ❑ Preservation of Evidence ❑ Chain of Custody ❑ Responding when animal is involved ❑ Legal procedures ❑ Animal Welfare Enforcement Officers (AWEOs) PLEASE CHANGE YOUR DESIGNATED NAME TO YOUR ID NUMBER