CRI 164 Professional Conduct & Ethical Standards Module 1 PDF

COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: ___________________________________________________________...

COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS AND VALUES References: Buep, Ferdinand – Police Ethics and Learning Targets: Values with Police Community Relations At the end of the module, students will be able to: 1. explain the difference between ethics and morality; https://keydifferences.com/difference- ethics and law; between-ethics-and-values.html 2. develop a deep understanding of human existence; and Guevara, Ricardo – Ethics and Values for 3. demonstrate empathy and compassion in the given Law Enforcers case scenarios. Florendo, Adelene – Police Ethics and Police Community Relations A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Hello, PHINMA Ed students! Welcome to CRI 164: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards. In today’s session, you are expected to define ethics versus morality and ethics versus law. Ethics and values are important in every aspect of life, when we have to make a choice between two things, wherein ethics determine what is right, values determine what is important. In the world of intense competition, every business entity works on certain principles and beliefs which are nothing but the values. Likewise, ethics is implemented in the organization to ensure the protection of the interest of stakeholders like customers, suppliers, employees, society and government. Let us start by reading the case scenario below and answer the given questions. Case Scenario: You are a patrol officer responding to a call about a homeless individual who is reportedly loitering near a local business. The business owner is upset and wants the person removed from the premises. 1. How would you calmly approach the homeless individual and introduce yourself? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How would you handle the business owner's frustration while maintaining a compassionate approach towards the homeless individual? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 1  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ B. MAIN LESSON Activity 1. Content Notes History of Ethics The Classical Period Qualities of Mind during this period according to Jones. et. al. 1. A concern with this world and its affair, an interest in nature and in the natural man. 2. A thorough rationalism, a respect for evidence as evidence was understood in those times. 3. Most important of all, curiosity. We can summed up these qualities of mind in the term “Humanism” The Middle Ages This period is considered to be a study of continuity and discontinuity. Continuity because many of the philosophers were steeped in classical doctrine. On the other hand, it is termed “Discontinuity” in the sense that religion has come into the picture. Philosophy such as ethics and metaphysics were interwoven with theology. The Early Modern Period The philosophy that develops during this period are the following: 1. A shift from the supernatural from natural, temporal and secular. 2. An attempt to balance the supernatural and the temporal as many of the philosophers were not really weaned from the religion of the past. 3. The rise of modern science, especially physics. 4. The changes brought about by the industrial and social revolutions towards the end of the period. The Nineteenth Century Several tendencies characterized this period: 1. Utilitarianism with the level of the greatest good to the greatest number. 2. The scientific theory. Although this started in the previous century many philosophers applied it with ethical questions during this period like Bentham. 3. The individual versus the state 4. Irrationalism: in contrast with the “man is a rational animal”. The Contemporary Period The philosophers of this period exhibit a diversity of trends in moral beliefs: For and against the scientific theory, logical positivism, return of belief of man as sinful, existentialism with its own diverse spokesman. ETHICS This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 2  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Ethics was derived from the Greek words “ethos” which means “character” and from the ancient Greek “ethikos”, meaning “arising from habit” or “customs”. It is also known as moral philosophy refers to the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. Ethics may be divided into four areas: Meta-ethics: Ethical philosophy that analyses the meaning and scope of moral values. Descriptive ethics: The branch of ethics that deals with psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. Normative Ethics: The study of the moral course of action through practical means. Applied ethics: This branch tells us how we can achieve moral outcomes, in a particular circumstance. ETHICS AND VALUES Each person has a set of values and code of ethics to which he adheres, but is there a difference between the two? Oftentimes the two are used interchangeably, but there are significant differences that must be understood. While values and ethics are different, they are closely related and come together to form the basis of decision making for most people. The word values was taken from the old French word “value” which means “worth” and from a latin word “valere” which simply means “be strong”. Ethics is either a written or unwritten guideline for conduct, values on the other hand are subjective guidelines that people use to decide which things are good and which are bad. Something that lives up to a value is considered good while anything that fails to live up to that value is considered bad. General definition of Values 1. Values are the object of human desire and striving; they are also the subjective assessment of a particular object insofar as it is good. 2. Values are our beliefs, those beliefs which we hold to be true. Thus values inspire us to struggle towards our proximate and ultimate ends. 3. Values refer to things, person, ideas or goals which are important to life; they enable us to direct, understand, and evaluate our lives. Thus, they refer to our ideals and our principles by which we live. Further, values are those which we like, approve, esteem, enjoy and prize. Properties of Values Values are subjective – when we say values are subjective, we mean that the existence and the validity of values are dependent upon the feelings or attitudes of the subject. Values are objective – when we say values are objective, we mean that the existence and the nature values are independent of a subject. Values are relative – this means that values have intrinsic limitations and imperfection. Values are bipolar – this mean that values do not exist alone; they always exist with their counter values. Thus, values are eit her positive or negative. Values are hierarchical – when we say values are hierarchical, we do not classify values but rather we rank them. When we rank values, we establish order of importance among them. The closest meaning of This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 3  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ ranking values is prioritizing values. Key Differences Between Ethics and Values The fundamental differences between ethics and value are described in the given below points: 1. Ethics refers to the guidelines for conduct that address questions about morality. Value is defined as the principles and ideals, which helps them in making the judgement of what is more important. 2. Ethics is a system of moral principles. In contrast to values, which is the stimuli of our thinking. 3. Values strongly influence the emotional state of mind. Therefore, it acts as a motivator. On the other hand, ethics compels to follow a particular course of action. 4. Ethics are consistent, whereas values are different for different persons, i.e. what is important for one person, may not be important for another person. 5. Values tell us what we want to do or achieve in our life, whereas ethics helps us in deciding what is morally correct or incorrect, in the given situation. 6. Ethics determines, to what extent our options are right or wrong. As opposed to values, which defines our priorities for life. ETHICS AND LAW ETHICS LAW Study of human motivation Concerned with what we do, not what we feel Requires that man desires that of which is Requires that we perform the required action good and act in accordance with that desire regardless of our feelings towards such action Solidly based on reasoning process essential to Logical instrument of social control that for the most appropriate discretion part are not necessarily products of wisdom Dependent upon knowledge. Rationality and Dependent for their effectiveness upon legal goodwill procedures and complex rules of evidence ETHICS AND MORALITY Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most successful professional, is nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, the philosophers speak of Ethics as the “only necessary knowledge”. Morality is the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities perish; without personal morality their survival has no value. Every culture admits the importance of morality as a standard of behavior. When the moral foundation of a nation is threatened, society itself is threatened. Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad or indifferent. ETHICS MORALITY What is it? The rules of conduct recognized in Principles or habits with respect to right respect to a particular class of human and wrong conduct. It defines how actions or a particular group, culture, etc. things should work according to an It defines how things are according to the individual’s ideals and principles. rules. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 4  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Source Social system/external Individual/internal Why do we do it? Because society says it is the right Because we believe in something being thing to do. right or wrong Flexibility Ethics are dependent on others Usually consistent, although can for definition. They tend to be consistent change if an individual’s beliefs within a certain context, but can vary change. between contexts MORALITY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE There is morality because there is man. 1. Man is the only Moral Being by virtue of the following reasons. a. Man is a being of action. b. Man has intellect. c. Man has will. d. Man as an Animal e. Man as a Rational Animal f. Intellect compared with will g. Concrete basis of Morality UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS Human acts are actions that proceed from the deliberate free will of man. In a broader perspective, the term human acts refer to any activity performed by man. This activity could either be physical, spiritual, internal, or external. Moral philosophy, however, treats the term human acts not in its broader but in its stricter meaning. Moral Philosophy, therefore, understands human acts as actions that are proper only to man. These actions are those which man does not share with the brutes for human acts are rational and willed acts. Three-fold Elements of Human Acts 1. Knowledge 2. Freedom 3. Voluntariness HUMAN ACTS ACTS OF MAN It requires man’s rationality. It does not require man’s rationality. It requires knowledge, freedom and voluntariness Done without knowledge, without consent and (elements of human acts) involuntary. Done without knowledge, without consent and Done without knowledge, without consent and involuntary. involuntary. It does not need man’s freedom and will. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 5  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ EMPATHY AND COMPASSION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It involves putting oneself in someone else's shoes and recognizing their emotions and perspectives. In Law Enforcement, empathy enables officers to connect with community members on a human level. It helps officers to better understand the challenges and emotions people are experiencing, leading to more effective communication and problem-solving. Empathetic officers are more likely to de-escalate tense situations, build trust, and foster positive relationships within the community. Sample Scenario: An officer responding to a domestic dispute listens to both parties' perspectives, recognizing the emotional stress each person is under. By understanding their feelings, the officer can mediate the situation more effectively, providing reassurance and helping them find a peaceful resolution. Compassion goes beyond empathy. It involves not only understanding and sharing another person's feelings but also a desire to help alleviate their suffering. Compassion is empathy in action. In Law Enforcement, compassionate policing involves taking concrete steps to assist and support individuals in distress. It means going the extra mile to provide resources, assistance, and support to those in need. Compassionate officers demonstrate care and concern for the well-being of community members, which can significantly enhance public trust and cooperation. Sample Scenario: An officer encounters a homeless individual seeking shelter on a cold night. Instead of simply asking them to move along, the officer offers information about local shelters, provides a warm blanket, and follows up later to ensure they found a safe place to stay. Activity 2. Skill Building Activities Self-assessment activities. Answer the following questions as honestly as possible. Write your scores on the space provided. Case Scenario 1: Mr. A, holds the last vote to whoever will win the election. Mr. A is torn between two parties, pink party in which he believed that their advocacy, perspective, and beliefs are of a great help for the greatest number of people and their ultimate intention is to improve the community itself; and green party whose intentions is centered around personal gain and accolades. If he chooses the pink party in which his perspective and beliefs are aligned and inclined to, the green Party will be mad at him since he is tied by blood to the party whose beliefs are opposite of his. If you are on the part of Mr. A what choice will you make, will you prioritize your beliefs or your family? Explain your answer in both a subjective and objective perspective? This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 6  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Case Scenario 2: An important task needed to be accomplished because it is very vital to the operation of the group, but since the main task to accomplish that work is not around the group cannot function as whole. Mr. A knew how to do the task but he remained silent, his explanation on his part is that it is not paid to do that job and his action is only as good as the money that he gets out of it. Can we consider the action of Mr. A ethical? Discuss your answer. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 7  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Exercise 3: Below are actions/activities that man does, I want you to determine whether those actions are human acts or acts of man. Write Human Act or Acts of Man on the opposite column of the items. Question Answer 1. Killing a person with intent 2. Washing your clothes in order to have something to wear. 3. Cheating during your quiz or exams 4. Stealing something because of having a kleptomaniac disease 5. Falling in love with a person Activity 3. Check for Understanding MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the best or nearest answer to the question. Encircle the letter of your choice. 1. What area of ethics that deals with psychology, sociology, anthropology? A. Meta – ethics C. Applied ethics B. Normative ethics D. Descriptive ethics 2. Are Rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad. A. Morals C. Ethics B. Values D. Customs 3. This means that values have intrinsic limitations and imperfections. A. Values are subjective C. Values are objective B. Values are relative D. Values are bipolar 4. Ethics is a system of moral principles. In contrast to values, which is the stimuli of our thinking. The statement is __________. A. True C. False B. Partially true D. Partially false 5. It refers to the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. A. Value C. Ethics B. Moral D. Law C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary / Frequently Asked Questions What are values and ethics? Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 8  COURSE CODE: CRI 164 Course Title: Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards Module #1 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ what is important to us. Ethics is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions. Ethics evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them What is the difference between ethics, morals and values? Values are ideals of someone (or a group) about what is good or bad (or desirable or undesirable). Ethics is all about reasoning how to do the right action. Values motivate, while morals and ethics constrain. The word Morals originated from the Latin word Mos. What are the main principles of ethics? The principles of ethics are beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice; truth-telling and promise-keeping. What are more important values or ethics? Ethics are consistent, whereas values are different for different persons, i.e. what is important for one person, may not be important for another person. Values tell us what we want to do or achieve in our life, whereas ethics helps us in deciding what is morally correct or incorrect, in the given situation. Thinking about Learning Congratulations for completing this module. You can now shade the number of modules you have completed. Date Learning Target/Topic Activities Scores Action Plan (What contributed to the quality of your performance today? What will you do next session to maintain your performance or improve it?) This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 9