RPH MIDTERMS REV. PDF

**Module 7** Geoffrey Barraclough - History is the attempt to discover on the basis of the fragmentary evidence the significant things about the past Multiperspectivity - is a way of looking at historical events, personalities, development, cultures and societies from different perspectives **Sit...

**Module 7** Geoffrey Barraclough - History is the attempt to discover on the basis of the fragmentary evidence the significant things about the past Multiperspectivity - is a way of looking at historical events, personalities, development, cultures and societies from different perspectives **Site of the First Mass and Baptism** Cebu - Identified as the site of the first baptism with Rajah Humabon, Queen Juana and hundreds of their community members being the first converts, according to the accounts of Antonio Pigafetta, the chronicler of the Magellan-Elcano expedition. April 14 1521 - The First Baptism First mass according to Pigafetta - Celebrated on March 31 1521, an Easter Sunday. He referred the venue as "Mazua" **Cavite Mutiny (**January 20 1872) Cavite Mutiny - A brief uprising of 200 filipino troops and workers at the cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for the spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement. Rafael de Izquierdo - Governor Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, - The 3 priest that were publicly executed by a garrote/ Martyrs Treason and Sedition - These were the charges for the GomBurZa February 17 1872 - date of the execution, early morning at bagumbayan **The Cry of Pugad Lawin** The Cry of the First Rebellion - the beginning of the philippine revolution against the spanish empire August 1898 - Katipuneros rose up in revolt somewhere in Calaoacan in the present day Quezon City Cry - referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and the Guardia Civil/Could also refer to as tearing of the tax certificates(cedulas personales) Viva La Independencia - Accompanied by Patriotic Shouts August 26 - The Cry happened 1963 - The philippine government declared a shift to august 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City **Different dates and places (Cry of Rebellion)** Olegario Diaz - A spanish guardia civil stated that the cry took place in balintawak on August 25 1896 Teodoro Kalaw - A historian that stated in his 1925 book The Filipino Revolution wrote that the event took place during the last week of august 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak Santiago Alvarez - a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the Madiwag faction in Cavite, stated in 1972 that the cry took place in bahay Toro now in Quezon city on August 24 1896 Guillermo Masangkay - recounts the "Cry of Balintawak" stating that on August 26 1896, a big meeting was held in balintawak at the house of Apolonio Samson in Calaocan, at about nine o\'clock in the morning of august 26, the meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto acting as Secretary Pio Valenzuela - declared in 1984 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on august 23 1896 Gregorio Zaide - A historian that stated in his book in 1945 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak August 26 1896 Teodoro Agoncillo - A historian that wrote in 1956 that it took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23 1896, based on Pio Valenzuela's Statement Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas - Historian that claim the event took place in Tandang Sora's Barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City **Pio Valenzuela's Account** In 1935, Pio Valenzuela, along with Briccio Pantas and Enrique said "The first Cry of the revolution did not happen in Balintawak where the monument is, but in a place called Pugad Lawin. "In 1940, a research team of forerunners of the National Historical Institute (NHI) which included Valenzuela, Identified the location as the part of sitio Gulod, Banlat, Calaocan. In 1946, the NHI described this location as the house of tandang sora. Balintawak - First place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario, and Pio Valenzuela. The first five arrived there on August 19 and Pio on August 20 1896. House and Yard of Apolonio Samson (August 22 1896, Kangkong) - The first place where some 500 member of the katipunan met. Briccio Pantas, Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio Samson and others - Among those who were also there Pugad Lawin, The house and yard of Juan Ramos son of Melchora Aquino (August 23 1896) - Where over 1,000 Katipuneros met and carried out considerable debate and discussion. The Discussion - Whether or not the revolution against the spanish government should be started on August 29 1896 after the tumultuous meeting, many of those present tore their cedula certificates and shouted 'long live the philippines! **Nature of Constitution** - - - - **Purpose of Constitution** - - - - **Function of Constitution** - **1897 Constitution (Biak na Bato)** The Katipunans revolution led to the Tejeros Convention where, at San Francisco De Malabon Cavite, March 222 1987, the first presidential and vice presidential election were held. A later meeting of the revolutionary government established there, held on november 1 1897 at biak na bato in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan, established the republic of biak na bato. Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer - Drafted the constitution and it was based on the first cuban constitution Also known as Constitución Provisional de la República de Filipinas and was originally written in spanish and tagalog **The Organization of the Government under the Constitution** Supreme Council - Vested with the power of the Republic, Headed by the president and four department secretaries: The interior, foreign affairs, treasury and war The Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia (Supreme Council of Grace and Justice) - Given authority to make decisions and affirm or disprove the sentences rendered by other courts and dictate rules for administration of justice The Assemblea de Representates (Assembly of Representatives), which was to be convened after the revolution to create a new constitution and to elect a new Council of Government and representatives of People **The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was never fully implemented since a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, was signed between the Spanish and the Philippine Revolutionary Army.** **1899 Constitution (Malolos Constitution)** January 21 1899 - Aguinaldo promulgated the Malolos Constitution Malolos Constitution - First Important Filipino Document produced by the people's representative. Anchored in democratic traditions that had their roots in the American Soil **Congress Officers** President - Pedro A. Paterno Vice President - Benito Legarda First Secretary - Gregorio Araneta Second Secretary - Pablo Ocampo First Act of Congress - Ratification on September 29 of the independence proclaimed at Kawit on June 12 1898. Aguinaldo, Whose office and official residence were located at the convent of Malolos Church, arrived at barasoain where Congress was holding its sessions, amidst and "vociferous accumulations of he people and strains music" Felipe G Calderon - A committee to draft the constitution with the advice of Cayetano Arellano, Calderon drew up his plans for a constitution, deriving inspiration from the constitution of Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil and France. In the session of Oct 8 He presented his draft of the constitution **Salient Features** - - - **Three Branches** Executive - Exercised by the president of the republic with the help of his cabinet Legislative - Exercised by an Assembly of Representatives of the Nation Judicial - Given to the Supreme Court and the other lower courts to be created by law **1935 Constitution (CommonWealth)** **Philippines Laws that were passed during the American Regime** - - - October 17 1933 - Quezon and others triumphed in this battle as the Philippine Legislature rejected the bill. Quezon Eventually brought in from the United States the Tydings-Mcduffie Act (Public Law 73-127) Authored by sen. Millard Tyding and Rep. John Mcduffie a slightly amended version of the Hare Hawes Cutting bill sign by President Franklin Roosevelt on March 24 1934 May 1 1934 - The bill set of July 4 after the tenth year of the commonwealth as date of philippine independence was accepted by the philippine legislature **Salient Features** - - - - - **The Constitution of the Philippine Commonwealth** Treaty of Paris in Washington D.C (1898) \$20, 000, 000 - Amount paid to spain for the philippines 1899 - Philippine American war, out country was place under a military government until 1901 with the passing of the Spooner Amendment putting an end to military rule replacing it with civil government William H Taft - First Civil Governor February 8 1935 - Draft of the constitution was approved March 25 1935 - Ratified by Pres. Roosevelt in Washington D.C September 1935 - Manuel L. Quezon was elected president of the commonwealth **1943 Constitution (Japanese Sponsored)** June 1943 - The Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI), composed of 20 delegates, was created to draft a new constitution by the Kalibapi (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas), the only political organization allowed at that time. Jose P. Laurel - Led the PCPI September 1943 - The draft was approved and sent to Kalibapi Manila for ratification **Salient Features** 1934 Constitution - composed of a preamble and 12 articles Executive Power - Vested in the President, who is elected by the members of the National Assembly from among themselves The President - Head of the government, and commander in chief of the Armed Forces. Power of the president are to Veto any bill of the assembly, to promulgate regulations when the assembly in not in session Limited Legislative Power - Exercised by the Unicameral National Assembly whose member is not directly elected by the people Judicial Power - Exercised by the Supreme Court together with judges of lower courts **1973 Constitution (Marcos)** August 24 1970 - congress enacted RA No. 6132, otherwise known as the Constitutional Convention Act September 21 1972 - Martial law Presidential Decree No. 86 (10-15 January 1973) - The cancellation of the plebiscite and instituted barangays citizens assemblies to ratify the new constitution by a referendum Naglaban Supreme Court at si marcos **Salient Features** 1973 Constitution - composed of preamble and 17 articles, provides for the shift from presidential to parliamentary system of government Legislative - Vested by National Assembly. A prime minister is elected from among the members of the national assembly and serves as the head of government and commander in chief to the philippine armed forces President - elected from among the members of the National Assembly and serves as the symbolic head of state with a six year term Judicial Power - Vested in the Supreme Court, composed of Chief Justice and 14 Justice National Assembly - exercises the power to define the jurisdiction of the lower courts Justice of the Supreme Courts and Judges of the lower courts are appointed by the Prime Minister October 1976 - The 1976 amendments were ratified in the referendum plebiscite Amendment 6 - most controversial amendment. It made marcos a one man Ruler Batasang Pambansa = National Assembly **1976 Amendment** Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP) substituting for the Interim National Assembly The president would also become the prime minister and he would continue to exercise legislative power until such time as martial law was lifted **1987 Constitution** Corazon Aquino - Decided to make a new constitution to break the vestiges of marcos dictatorship 1986 - a constitution commission was created, composed of 48 members from different sectors 1987 Constitution - begins with a preamble and 18 self contained articles. It establishes the Philippines as a democratic republican state. It contains separation of power between the three branches **Constitutional Commissions** The Civil Service Constitution - a central agency in charge of government personnel Commission on Elections - Administer all of election laws and regulations Commission on Audit - which examines all funds and property accounts of the government agencies The Office of the Ombudsman - Investigates Complaints that pertain to public corruption, unlawful behavior of public officials, and other public misconduct. It can charge public officials before Sandiganbayan (a special court created for this purpose).