GEHS Readings in Philippine History Past Paper PDF

***Course Code and Title: GEHS -- Readings in Philippine History*** **Lesson Number: 8** **Topic: "One past but many histories":** **Controversies and Conflicting Views in Philippine History** This chapter analyzes Philippine history\'s different controversies and conflicting views through prima...

***Course Code and Title: GEHS -- Readings in Philippine History*** **Lesson Number: 8** **Topic: "One past but many histories":** **Controversies and Conflicting Views in Philippine History** This chapter analyzes Philippine history\'s different controversies and conflicting views through primary and secondary sources. It synthesizes four historical events in Philippine history, namely, (1) the first mass in the Philippines; (2) the Cavity Mutiny; (3) the retraction of Rizal; and (4) **the Cry of Rebellion.** Understanding these historical events can help us better understand present-day Philippine society, including culture, economy, and qualities. **Learning Objectives:** At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: - Analyze and synthesize facts from primary and secondary sources in reconstructing and understanding significant events in Philippine history. - Identify the advantages and disadvantages of employing critical tools in interpreting historical events through primary sources. - Recognize the multiplicity of interpretations that can be read from a historical text. - Reflect critically on the shared concern. **LESSON PRESENTATION:** The actual place and date of the \"Cry of Rebellion\" in which Katipunero rebels denounced Spanish colonization, marked by the cedula\'s historical tearing, remain in question. Different accounts of eyewitnesses provide conflicting venues and dates for the historical Cry of Rebellion. **The Cry of Rebellion.** The beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire was during the Cry of Balintawak (Filipino: Sigaw ng Balíntawak, Spanish: Grito de Balíntawak). At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by Andrés Bonifacio rose in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Caloocan comprehensive than the jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan City, which may have overlapped into present-day Quezon City. Originally the term Cry referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The Cry could also refer to the tearing up of community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of Spain\'s allegiance. The inscriptions of \"Viva la Independencia Filipina\" can also be referred to as the Cry term. Patriotic shouts accompanied this. Because of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place where this event took place, the Cry\'s exact date and place are in contention. From 1908 until 1963, the official stance was that the Cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City. (Cry of Pugad Lawin - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry\_of\_Pugad\_Lawin) **Different Dates and Places of the Cry** Various accounts of the Cry give different dates and places. An officer of the Spanish Guardia Civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz, stated that the Cry took place in Balintawak on **August 25, 1896**. In his 1925 book The Filipino Revolution, historian Teodoro Kalaw wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, the Magdiwang faction leader in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took place in Bahay Toro, now in Quezon City, on **August 24, 1896**. Pio Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés Bonifacio, declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on **August 23, 1896**. Historian Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the \"Cry\" happened in Balintawak **on August 26, 1896.** Fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo wrote in 1956 that it took place in Pugad Lawin on **August 23, 1896**, based on Pío Valenzuela\'s statement. Accounts by historians Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas claim the event to have taken place in Tandang Sora\'s barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City, on **August 24, 1896.** **Primary Source: Accounts of the Cry** **Guillermo Masangkay** Source: Guillermo Masangkay, "Cry of Balintawak" in Gregorio Zaideand Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 8 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990), 307-309. **Pio Valenzuela** Source: Pio Valenzuela, "Cry of Pugad Lawin" in Gregorio Zaideand Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 8 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990), 301-302. **Santiago Alvarez** The account of Santiago Alvarez regarding the Cry of Balintawak flaunted specific endeavors, as stated: From the eyewitness accounts presented, there is indeed marked disagreement among historical witnesses as to the place and time of the Cry occurrence. Using primary and secondary sources, four places have been identified: Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, and Bahay Toro, while the dates vary: 23, 24, 25, or 26 August 1896. Valenzuela\'s account should be read with caution: he once told a Spanish investigator that the \"Cry\" happened in Balintawak on Wednesday, August 26, 1896. Much later, he wrote in his Memoirs of the Revolution that it happened at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Such inconsistencies in accounts should always be seen as a red flag when dealing with primary sources. According to Guerrero, Encarnacion, and Villegas, all these places are in Balintawak, then Caloocan, and now Quezon City. As for the dates, Bonifacio and his troops may have been moving from one place to another to avoid being located by the Spanish government, which could explain why there are several Cry accounts. **SUMMARY:** The "Cry of Rebellion" was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. The exact location and date of the Cry in which Katipunero rebels denounced Spanish colonization, marked by the cedula\'s historical tearing, remain in question. Different accounts of eyewitnesses provide conflicting venues and dates for the historical Cry of Rebellion. All the places mentioned are in Balintawak, then part of Caloocan, now in Quezon City. As for the dates, Bonifacio and his troops may have been moving from one place to another to avoid being located by the Spanish government, which could explain why there are several Cry accounts. Despite such conflicting views and controversies, the significance of those events and the Filipino heroes and martyrs crucial to the independence of the Philippines from Spain should not be downgraded. Their vital role in the development of Filipino nationhood and nationalism should always be recognized. **Documentary Film Showing** "Bonifacio-Ang Unang Pangulo" or "El Presidente" [**https://www.bilibili.tv/en/video/2002956829**](https://www.bilibili.tv/en/video/2002956829) [**https://www.bilibili.tv/en/video/2041056181**](https://www.bilibili.tv/en/video/2041056181) **Online Supplementary Materials (Video Clip)** Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sS2KjRbkzs]](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sS2KjRbkzs) Xiao Time: Ang Unang Sigaw ng Himagsikan sa Balintawak, Caloocan [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dtc9q\_V8\_hs]](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dtc9q_V8_hs) [**https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDcvxfK7DqI**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDcvxfK7DqI) **REFERENCES** - Martinez, R. et al., (2021). The Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc. - Asuncion, N. et al. ((2019). Readings in Philippine History. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. - Candelaria, J., & Alporha V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. - Ariola, M.M. & Parajas, R.P. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.