RPH Midterm Notes PDF

Readings in Philippine History Lecture: The Customs of Tagalog (Juan de Plasencia) CULTURE MISSIONARY - Culture is a complex whole including - A messenger; is a person who goes on beliefs, kno...

Readings in Philippine History Lecture: The Customs of Tagalog (Juan de Plasencia) CULTURE MISSIONARY - Culture is a complex whole including - A messenger; is a person who goes on beliefs, knowledge, rituals, morals, a mission, usually for religious or customs, and other habits and charitable reasons. capabilities of people - Spread the message of hope to all who - An abstract represented through would listen concrete elements PURPOSE: RELACION DE LAS - Can be presented through customs COSTUMBRES AND INSTRUCCION - To put an end to some injustices being CUSTOMS committed against natives by certain - Custom is a traditional way of government officials. behaving or doing something specific to a particular place, time, or society HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE - A way of behaving or doing things DOCUMENT - Part of culture FRAY JUAN DE PLASENCIA - Born to the illustrious family of Portocarreros in Plasencia in the region of Extremadura, Spain in the early 16th century. He was one of the seven children of Pedro Portocarrero, a captain of a Spanish schooner. - Juan de Plasencia grew up during the period known as the Siglo de Oro, a Golden Age when arts and literature flourished in many parts of Spain, among them his native Extremadura. - Fray Joan de Puerto Carrero, del convento de Villanueva de la Serena, was his real name - Fray Juan de Plasencia came together with the first batch of missionaries in the Philippines. DATU - Arrived at a port in Cavite, a few - Chief, captain of wars, whom kilometers south of Manila on the 2nd governed, obeyed and reverenced. of July 1578 1  NOBLES OR MAHARLIKA people) ruled by chieftain, and consists of 30 to 100 families together - Free-born, they do not pay taxes with their relatives and slaves. COMMONERS (ALIPING NAMAMAHAY) ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE - They live in their own houses and - The chieftain’s executive function lords of their propoerty and gold includes implementing laws, ensuring order and giving protection to his SLAVES (ALIPING SAGUIGUILID) subject. - They serve their master in his house - Disputes between individuals were and his cultivated lands and be sold settled by a court made up of the chieftain and council of elders HOUSES UMALOHOKAN - Are made of wood, bamboo, and nipa palm - Refers to the town criers of precolonial barangays in the Philippines. They were responsible for MODE OF DRESSING going around and making people Male aware of new laws and policies Headgear/Putong - symbolizes enacted by the Datu or chieftain number of persons the wearer had killed INHERITANCE Kanggan (Upper) - a jacket with short sleeves - The 1st son of the barangay chieftain Bahag (Lower) inherits his father’s position; if the 1st Female son dies, the 2nd son succeeds their Baro or Camisa (Upper) father; in the absence of male heirs, it Saya (Lower) is the eldest daughtert that becomes Women either only wore skirts or the chieftain. tubular garments as a wrapdress know as Tapis (Tapis SLAVES Lawas/Lambung) - A person becomes slave by: (1) ORNAMENTS captivity in war, (2) by reason of debt, (3) by inheritance, (4) by purchase, - A decorative object or detail that adds (5) by committing a crime. quality or distinction to a person, - Slaves can be emancipated through: place or thing. (1) by forgiveness, (2) by paying debt, (3) by condonation, and (4) by GOVERNMENT bravery (where a slave can possibly - The unit of government is called become a Datu) or by marriage Barangay (derived from the word Balangay, a big ship that consist of  MARRIAGE CUSTOMS RELIGIOUS BELIEF - Men were in general, monogamous; - They worship many gods and while their wives were called Asawa. goddesses: (1) Bathala, a supreme - Courtship begins with Paninilbihan being; (2) Idayanale, god of (Ex. Magbabayo, Pag-iigib, agriculture; (3) Sidarapa, god of Pagsisibak). death; (4) Agni, god of fire; (5) - Prior to marriage the man requires to Balangaw, god of rainbow; give dowry: (1) Bigay-kaya (a piece (6)Mandarangan, god of war; (7) of land or gold); (2) Panghihimuyat Lalahon, god of harvest; and (8) (a gift for the brides parents); (3) Siginarugan, god of hell. Bigay-suso (for bride's wet nurse). - Also believe in sacred trees and - Marriage between couples belonging animals. to different social classes were not Paganism - the worship of idols or false gods, common. or system of religious opinions and worship - Several grounds of divorce: maintained by pagans; heathenism. (1)Adultery, (2) Abandonment, (3) Animism - world’s oldest religion, originate Cruelty, (4) Insanity from Latin animus meaning spirit or soul. It is a foundational element in many indigenous DOWRY AND ITS KIND cultures, predating classical religion and persisting even into present day. - A transfer of parental property, gifts, or money at the marriage of a daughter (bride). SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS - (1) Bigay-kaya - consists of land, gold - Believe in Aswang, Dwende, Kapre, or dependents. Any valuable article Tikbalang, Patyanak/ Tiyanak. will do in the absence of these. - They also believe in magical power of - (2) Panghihimuyat - a certain amulet and charms such as amount of money given to the bride to anting-anting, kulam and gayuma or be’s parents as a payment for their love potion. mother's effort in rearing the girl to womanhood. BABAYLAN - (3) Bigay-suso - bribe was given to a - A priestess, a seer, a healer, a psychic wet nurse who fed the bride during medium, and an officiator of rituals. her infancy with milk from her breasts. - (4) Himaraw - sum of money to be ECONOMIC LIFE given to the parents as - Agriculture in the plane lands: reimbursement for the amount they planting of rice, corn, banana, spent in feeding the girl during her coconut, sugar canes and other kinds infancy of vegetable and fruits - (5) Sambon - a dowry given to girls - Hunting in high lands relatives - Fishing in river banks - Shipbuilding, weaving, poultry, mining and lumbering - Domestic trade of different barangays by boat - Foreign trade with countries like Borneo, China, Japan, Cambodia, Java, and Thailand LANGUAGE AND SYSTEM OF WRITING - Major languages: Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinan, Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Magindanaw and Samarnon this languages is originated from Malayo-Polenisian language. - System of writing : alphabets consists of 3 vowels and 14 consonants called Baybayin. - They use tap of trees as ink and pointed stick as pencil. - They wrote on large plant leaves, barkn of tree or bamboo tubes