Rizal Module 3B Past Paper

Final Period - Module 3 (B) Course Learning Intended Week Module / Lesson Coursework Target Date of Outcomes Learning Activity / Assessment Submission Outcomes CONSCIENCE SOCIETAL...

Final Period - Module 3 (B) Course Learning Intended Week Module / Lesson Coursework Target Date of Outcomes Learning Activity / Assessment Submission Outcomes CONSCIENCE SOCIETAL Analyze the Rizal’s Trial and Photo Walk – Identify the Last day of 16th Analyze the different Week1 Martyrdom pictures that best depict week factors that lead events that took 15-16 Rizal’s life, ideal and to Rizal place during martyrdom Martyrdom the Rizal’s Trial and Martyrdom. CONSCIENCE Last day 17th SOCIETAL Identify the Week The Retraction Essay composition on week different 17 salient points of Cognitive-Assess arguments arguments and the authenticity regarding the authenticity of Rizal’s of the Retraction authenticity of Retraction Issue. Letter of Rizal. the retraction issue Analyze each argument and draw a personal conviction. Final 18th week Summative Assessment/Final Major Exam: Reflection paper Requirement Final Examination Week Rizal’s Trial and Martyrdom In the middle of 1892, Rizal became known to every Filipino, a part of every socio-political conversation. He gained popularity that the Spaniards, especially the friars payed such attention to the every movement of Rizal. This popularity has extended to the point that his family, friends, companions and even acquaintances undergone such house searched, looking for evidence that has something or related to the works and ideologies of Rizal. At the very same year, together with his fellow illustrados, Rizal established the La Liga Filipina in the house of a prominent man, Doroteo Ongjungco in Tondo, Manila. Several days later, the Spanish authorities arrested Rizal for: (a) publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles; (b)having in possession a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes (discussed in the Module 1); (c) simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture and (d) for dedicating his novel to the GomBurZa (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora). June 17, 1896 – Rizal arrived at Dapitan. Here, Rizal was able to utilized his skills in farming, agriculture, engineering, arts, business, education, architecture and especially in the field of sciences, medicine and surgery. He was able flourish his relationship with his penmates; Ferdinand Bluementritt, Reinhold Rot and friends in Europe. PHYSICIAN - provided free medicine to the underprivileged. - wealthy patients who paid him - Don Ignacio Tumarong paid him 3000 pesos for restoring his sight, - An Englishman payed him 500 pesos - DonFrancisco Azcarraga who paid him a cargo of sugar. ENGINEER -Rizal successfully provided a good water system in the province and even stree lightings EDUCATOR - established a school in Dapitan with no formal room - He made the students do community projects for him like maintaining his garden and field as their payment for matriculation - taught them reading, writing in English and Spanish, geography, history, mathematics, industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics. AGRICULTURIST - Devoted his time in planting important crops and fruit-bearing trees - He planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, and coconuts, herbal plants, etc. - Advanced the farming techniques by introducing high quality and up to date machineries coming from United States. BUSINESSMAN - the adventured in the fishing, hemp and copra industries, which later on gave him in opening a trade of hemp in Manila. INVENTOR - wooden brick-maker can manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day - a water irrigation - Street lighting in dapitan.  ARTIST - Rizal contributed to the activities of the Sisters of Charity - Sketches of the different sceneries, fauna in Dapitan. LINGUIST - Studied and the Bisayan and Malayan languages SCIENTIST - Rizal together with his students, explored the fauna, mountains and hillsides of Dapitan and collected specimens which he sent to museums in Europe. Rizal also made researches and studies in the fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology, anthropology and geography. Moreover, Rizal's name in the field of sciences will be forever instill for his significant contribution in the scientific world the: (a) Draco rizali – flying dragon, (b) Apogonia rizali – small beetle and (c) Rhacophorus rizali – rare frog August 6, 1896 - España arrived in Manila almost one week after Jose Rizal left Dapitan together with Narcisa, Josephine, Angelica (Narcisa's daughter), three nephews and six of his students. Rizal has now fallen to the deadly Spanish trap. THE TRIAL November 3, 1896 – Rizal arrived at Manila and was confined incommunicado at Fort Santiago. And in order to get evidence against Rizal, series of investigation, merciless torture and forcibly question were done to some friends, members of La Liga and even his very own brother, Paciano. Interrogation as a preliminary act of the investigation were also done and administered by a military officer, Colonel Olive. Colonel Olive was the same military leader who led the troops that forced the Rizal family to vacate their Calamba home in the year 1890. November 20, 1896 - the preliminary investigation on Rizal began. During the five-day investigation, rizal was formally informed about the cases against him together with the two kinds of evidences - written and testimonial. Fifteen pieces of documentary evidence were presented— Rizal’s letters, letters of his compatriots like Marcelo del Pilar and Antonio Luna, a poem (Kundiman), a Masonic document, two transcripts of speech of Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and Jose Turiano Santiago), and Rizal’s poem ‘A Talisay.’ And the Oral testimonies of 13 Filipinos: La Liga officers like Ambrosio Salavador Deodato Arellano, the Katipunero Pio Valenzuela and among others. November 21, 1986 - Rizal was interrogated with his relationship with Andres Bonifacio, president of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan. November 26 , 1896 – as written by Ambeth Ocampo, retrived from Inquirer.net “Rizal was sworn in and the court records listed him as “a native of Calamba, Laguna, of legal age, single, physician, never been tried before.” Here is a list of names that began with Pio Valenzuela. Rizal was asked if he knew the suspected rebels, namely: Martin Constantino Lozano, Jose Reyes Tolentino, Antonio Salazar (the owner of the bazaar where Rizal bought his shoes), Jose Dizon (an engraver), Moises Salvador, Domingo Franco (a tobacco dealer from Nagtahan), Ireneo Francisco, Deodato Arellano (a brother-in-law of Marcelo H. del Pilar with whom Rizal did not see eye to eye), Ambrosio Flores (a Mason), Timoteo Plata, Ambrosio Salvador, Bonifacio Arevalo (a sculptor and dentist Rizal had met for dinner), Timoteo Paez, Francisco Cordero, Estanislao Legaspi (from Tondo), Alejandro and Venancio Reyes (brothers who own a shop on Escolta where Rizal had a suit made), Arcadio del Rosario, Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Serrano.” (Retrived from: https://opinion.inquirer.net/76237/rizal-on-trial#ixzz6RNtlpoAK) December 2, 1896 - Captain Dominguez summarized the case and brought it back to Blanco to be examined by Judge Advocate General Don Nicolas Dela Peña. Peña, after examining the cases, ordered the following: 1. Rizal be instantly brought to trial, 2. he must be kept in jail, 3. an order of attachment be issued against his property, and 4. a Spanish army officer, not a civilian lawyer, be permitted to defend Rizal in court. December 9, 1896 –the 106 officers below the rank of first or second lieutenant officers were drawn and considered eligible to be Rizal’s defense counsel. December 10, 1896 – the 106 military officers were presented to Rizal, these are all soldiers, a military officers not lawyers; low-ranking officers with no concrete legal background to help Rizal. But Rizal upon seeing the list of eligible counsel chooses Luis de Taviel. On he very same day, Taviel accepted the duty. It can be remembered that his brother, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade who worked as Rizal's personal body guard in Calamba in 1887. December 11, 1896 – the arraignment of Rizal. Dominguez decided that there was no need for Rizal to see/meet and even to be cross examined the “witnesses” who had accused him. On this very same day, the military government confiscated the properties and assets of Rizal. The Government “reimburse” the amount of one million pesos for the “damage” Rizal brought and caused on the nation. The belongings and goods of Rizal were all confiscated even before a final formal arraignment, RIZAL WAS ALREADY DECLARED GUILTY even before the court martial. December 12, 1896 – a new Governador general, Camilo de Polavieja assumed office. Although there was a change of governors did nothing to the speed of Rizal’s trial. December 25, 1896 – the list of Judges were shown to Rizal December 26, 1896 – the “moro-moro” court martial held. Take note that this was a MILITARY COURT, thus intended to prosecute, litigate an accused military officers and/or soldiers. Rizal is a a civilian, graduate of medicine, a doctor and never served the military (although Rizal requested before to the Spanish Governor General his wanting to serve as a medical officer during the war in Cuba, but never it materialized). The said military judges listened to the prosecutors brief, the defense counsels brief and to Rizal. According to Rizal, there are twelve points to prove his innocence: - Rizal was against rebellion and it was testified by Pio Valenzuela; - he had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan; - that he knew nothing that his name was used by the Katipunan; - if he was guilty of the cases brought to him, he should have escaped the country while in exile in dapitan; - and if guilty, he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of land nor established a hospital and school in Dapitan - the revolutionists should have consulted him.if he was really the leader of the revolution; - the La Liga Filipina is a civic association, not a revolutionary society; - the La Liga did not last long; - that he had no idea on the reorganization of La Liga after nine months - that there is no need to organize Katipunan, if the porpose of La Liga is revolution - if the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and deportation of all his brothers-in-law. - he lived an commendable life in Dapitan, in terms of socio-political, education, agriculture and even in religious and engineering. Atty. Alcocer's reiteration of the charges against Rizal urged the court that he, Rizal be punished with death through a firing squad. Meanwhile the crimes accused to him; rebellion, sedition and illegal association, penalized him for being life imprisonment to death and correctional imprisonment and a charge of 325 to 3,250 pesetas. December 27, 1896 – Auditor General de Guerra Pena recommends the approval of Rizals death sentence. December 28, 1896 – Gov. Gen. Polavieja orders the death of Rizal at 7 am of December 30 in Bagumbayan by firing squad. THE MARTYRDOM “Consummatum est! ” ( It is done ) December 29, 1986 – Judge Advocate Dominguez officially informed rizal about his death sentence. 7:00 am - Rizal was transferred to his death cell and he was visited by Jesuit priests, Miguel Saderra Mata and Luis Viza. 8:00 a.m - Another priest came to visit him and shared breakfast with him; Fr. Antonio Rosell. 8:30 am - Lt. Andrade visited Rizal. Rizal thanked his defense lawyer. 9:00 a.m - Santiago Mataix of the Spanish newspaper ‘El Heraldo de Madrid’ interviewed him. 10:00 am - Fr. Federico Faura visited Rizal. Asking him to forget his resentments and be married to Josephine canonically. 11:00 a.m - Missionary from Dapitan also visited him; Fr Jose Vilaclara and Vicente whom, convinced Rizal to write a retraction, but Rizal exclaimed, “Look, Fathers, if I should assent to all you say and sign all you want me to, just to please you, neither believing nor feeling, I would be a hypocrite and would then be offending God.” (Bantug, p. 148). 12:00 noon – In the cooled light rayed cell, Rizal was left alone. He used the time to write some letters to his, probably finished his last poem and read the bible 2:00 p.m. – Rizal was visited by Fr. Estanislao March and Fr. Vilaclara 3:30 p.m. – Rizal was visited by Balaguer to discussed about the retraction 4:00 p.m. - Doña Teodora with joses’s sisters came to see him for the last time. The guards was so strict that the sorrowing mother was not allowed to embrace beloved son. But Rizal was able to kneel before his adored mother and asked for forgiveness. This was also the time that Jose mischief sly handed his small alcohol cooking stove, a gift from the Pardo de Tavera to Trinidad. 6:00 p.m. – Rizal meet Josephine Bracken inside the cell in Fort Santiago. 8:00 p.m.- Rizal then took his last supper 10:00 p.m. - Rizal was visited by Catholic priests for the hero’s retraction (Zaide & Zaide, pp. 265- 266). 3:00 a.m. - Rizal heard Mass, confessed sins, and took Communion. (Zaide & Zaide) 5:00 a.m. - Rizal attended to his personal needs, read the Bible, and had his last breakfast. Rizal made his last letters and poems to be sent to his family, friends and to Josephine 6:30 a.m.- Rizal wearing ablack suit and black bowler hat, tied elbow to elbow, with his defense lawyer, Andrade, and two Jesuit priests, March and Vilaclara startd his last marcha while reminiscing his happy days in Ateneo and looking for the last glance of everyone in the corded area to Bagumbayan.  Upon arriving at the exact execution venue, Rizal was asked to be blindfolded and to knell. He REFUSED. According to him, he is not a traitor to his country and to Spain. Rizal also wanted to face the firing squad, composed of eight Filipino soldiers with Spanish counterparts to execute those who decline not to fire, but he was denied to do so. Rizal also requested to be shot not into his head but in his back. For the last time, Rizal wholeheartedly thanks his defense lawyer Lt. Taviel for his service and friendship. It is also known that a military physician took over rizal and cheked his pulse:normal. According to Ambeth Ocampo, Rizal turned his head away from the crucifix offered by a priest and silently prepared for his death. After a while, the drum rolls were ready, it can be observed that the crowed were composed of Spaniards, military official, and Filipinos surrounded by several marching band who keep on playing their instruments. The Captain’s command had been given, “Fuego!”. The executioners’ guns barked at once. “Consummatum est!” (“It is finished!”) Rizal yelled as he took his very best to twist his body around facing the sky. Jose Rizal fell on the ground dead at exactly 7:03 in the morning of December 30, 1896. The firing squad captain approached the lifeless body of Rizal to give the last shot, tiro de gracia” - one last shot to make sure that Rizal was dead. RETRACTION OF RIZAL Dr. Jose P. Rizal, one of the topmost leaders of the reformist movement in Spain, went through arrest, unjust trial, and execution through firing squad by the Spanish government, implicating him to be the mastermind of the Philippine Revolution. The night prior to Rizal’s death on the 30 th of December 1896, there were accounts or stories that Jose Rizal allegedly retracted his Masonic beliefs, writings, and stance and was believed to have converted back to Catholicism after several hours of being persuaded by the Jesuit priests. However, on the part of Rizal’s family, there was doubt towards this alleged retraction document, supposedly bearing the signature of the national hero. Even up to now, the issue as to whether Jose Rizal retracted or not at all and whether the documents shown or exhibited were genuine or just forged has remained a mystery and is a favorite subject of argumentation and debate among Rizal scholars and history enthusiasts. There were primary sources that have appeared: the first two sources are actually written accounts coming from Jesuits who served as instruments in the alleged retraction of the hero while the remaining two accounts serve as critical analyses which came from two Rizalist scholars who cast doubt on the validity and truthfulness of such retraction. Account of Fr. Vicente Balaguer Fr. Balaguer was a Jesuit priest who paid Jose Rizal a visit in Fort Santiago. He asserted that he was able to convince the national hero to turn his back on Masonry and come back to Catholicism. He also claimed that it was he, Fr. Balaguer who “solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken and Rizal hours before the hero’s execution.” This was seen in an affidavit presented in 1917 when Fr. Balaguer went back to Spain. Account of Fr. Pio Pi Acting as the Jesuit Superior in the Philippines during the execution of Jose Rizal, Fr. Pio Pi issued an affidavit in 1917 narrating his part or role in the said retraction of Dr. Jose Rizal. His main part was only the retrieval of the retraction document from the Archbishop of Manila Bernardino Nozaleda. He, like Balaguer, believed that Jose Rizal really retracted. The Critical Analysis of Rafael Palma Rafael Palma who was a lawyer, writer, educator, and politician, was the author of Biografia de Rizal. His narrative or account regarding the alleged retraction of the national hero can be found in Chapters 32 and 33 in his book wherein his critical analysis can be read in Chapter 33, the latter chapter.Palma, who was popular mason, disputed the truthfulness of the retraction document because for him, it “did not reflect Rizal’s true character and beliefs.” According to Nidoy (2013), Palma considered the retraction tale as a “pious fraud.” The Critical Analysis of Austin Coates Serving as the Assistant Colonial Secretary and Magistrate in Hong Kong in 1950, Austin Coates began to get interested in Dr. Jose Rizal. As expected, he first studied about Rizal when the latter stayed in Hong Kong for 1 year, 1891-1892. This is significant because during the time that Austin Coates was writing and researching, many of the people who knew the national hero were still alive by then. This prompted Austin Coates to write and publish his book entitled Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr which serves as the first biography about Rizal which was written by a European after Wenceslao Retana’s work in 1907. Coates’s analyses regarding the alleged retraction including other events are found in Part VII, Chapter 5 of his book. For Coates, two things stood out: first, Jose Rizal did not make any retraction; and second, he did not marry Josephine Bracken, but just gifted her through a lasting tribute, his final poem, Mi Ultimo Adios. Coates wrote this: “Rizal the man stands among those few who are companions to no particular epoch or continent, who belong to the world, and whose lives have a universal message. In his own country, he continues to be revered as a national hero, and has had greater influence on his people than any other man.” References: Bernad, M. (1998). The Trial of Rizal. Philippine Studies, 46(1), 46-72. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/42633622 Retrieved from https://englishkyoto-seas.org/2019/12/vol-8-no-3-rene-escalante/ Nidoy, Raul. 2013. Reason: Jose Rizal’s Retraction: The Controversy (blog). June 18. http//primacyofreason.blogspot.com/2013/06/jose-roza;s-retraction-controversy.html, accessed January 11, 2017. Palma, Rafael. 1949. The Pride of the Malay Race: A Biography of Jose Rizal. Translated by Roman Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2011/01/08/645880/sionil-jose-austin-coates-and- rizals-biography-other-books-published Torres, Jose Victor. (2018). Batis: Sources in Philippine History. C & E Publishing. Inc. Schumacher, John. 2011. The Rizal Bill of 1956: Horacio de la Costa and the bishops. Philippines Studies 59(4): 529-553. Coates, Austin.1992. Rizal: Filipino nationalist and patriot. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House. Palma, Rafael (Translated by Roman Ozaeta). 1949. The Pride of the Malay Race.New York: Prentice Hall. Zaide, Gregorio and Sonia Zaide. 1999. Jose Rizal: Life, works, and writings of a genius, writer, scientist, and national hero, pp.2-4. Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing Co.