Rizal Reviewer PDF

4.1 GOM-BUR-ZA: 3 filipino priests executed by spaniards in 1872. January 20, 1872 -- filipino workers' wages deducted Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo -- taken away the previleges of filipino tenants Cavite mutiny -- 2 days (revolt against spanish authorities) Terror of 1872 - came afte...

4.1 GOM-BUR-ZA: 3 filipino priests executed by spaniards in 1872. January 20, 1872 -- filipino workers' wages deducted Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo -- taken away the previleges of filipino tenants Cavite mutiny -- 2 days (revolt against spanish authorities) Terror of 1872 - came after the cavite mutiny - Filipinos who participated were imprisoned, exiled. Garrote execution -- 3 priests accused of being masterminds behind the revolt. 1\. Fr. Mariano Gomez 2\. Fr. Jose Burgos 3\. Fr. Jacinto Zamora Paciano Rizal -- friend & housemate of Fr. Jose Burgos El Filibusterismo -- dedicated to Gomburza ATENEO DAYS College of San Juan de Letran -- first college admission passed Ateneo -- most renowned university run by jesuits Fr. Magin Ferrand -- college registrar in Ateneo who refused rizal Bachiller en Artes -- enrolled 6 yr program 2 empires: Roman Empire and Carthaginian Empire Top ranks -- dignitaries Stratification: 1. Emperor 2. Tribune 3. Decurion 4. Centurion 5. Standard-Bearer Santa Isabel College -- 3 pesos /month private spanish lessons Favorite novel -- The Count of Monte Cristo Travels in the Philippines -- another book Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez -- Rizal's favorite teacher Boarder -- interno 5 medals of academic achievements 2 for conduct 1 rhetoric & poetry 1 french 1 drawing Graduated w/ Bachelor of Arts UST YEARS (University of Santo Tomas) Philosophy and letters -- course April 1877 because of his father for metaphysics Also took a course of surveying in Ateneo Shifted to medicine -- his mother going blind because of cataracts Passed licensing examination -- 1878 & waited 3 yrs. 2 historians: Gregorio Zaide & Leon Ma. Guerrero "A la Juventud Filipina" or To the Filipino Youth "The council of the Gods" -- commemoration to Miguel de Cervantes Idio or chongo -- filipino discrimination Kastila or Bangus -- spainish discrimination "Compañerismo" -- secret society - Rizal -- president - Galicano Apacible-secretary 4.2 reviwer \*\*Rizal's Departure from the Philippines (1882)\*\* \- \*\*Secret departure\*\*: Rizal left the Philippines aboard the S.S. Salvadora without telling his parents, only informing his brother Paciano and a few others. \- \*\*Emotional impact\*\*: His father was devastated by his departure, and Paciano had to console him. \- \*\*Goal and secret mission\*\*: Rizal aimed to complete his education in Europe and observe European cultures, laws, and governments for future plans to liberate the Philippines. \#\#\# \*\*Life in Madrid\*\* \- \*\*Early writing\*\*: Rizal wrote "El Amor Patrio" (Love of Country), which focused on the Philippines, but stopped due to his mother's concerns about Spanish authorities' attention. \- \*\*Education\*\*: He studied medicine and philosophy at the Universidad Central de Madrid, along with other subjects like painting and languages. \- \*\*Financial struggles\*\*: Rizal often struggled financially, skipping meals to pay for his education. \#\#\# \*\*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*\* - Rizal joined this Filipino student organization, which advocated for reforms but dissolved due to lack of funds. \#\#\# \*\*Speech for Luna and Hidalgo (1884)\*\* \- \*\*Famous speech\*\*: Rizal's speech at a banquet in Madrid praised Filipino painters Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. \- \*\*Mixed reactions\*\*: It garnered praise but also caused concern among Rizal's family about the political implications. \#\#\# \*\*Medical Journey (Paris and Germany)\*\* \- \*\*Specialization in ophthalmology\*\*: Rizal trained under notable doctors in Paris and Heidelberg, gaining expertise in eye surgery. \- \*\*Blumentritt correspondence\*\*: Rizal developed a close friendship and intellectual exchange with Austrian scholar Ferdinand Blumentritt. \#\#\# \*\*Leipzig, Germany\*\* - \*\*Translations\*\*: Rizal translated works like \*William Tell\* and fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen into Tagalog to inspire Filipinos. \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement\*\* \- \*\*Ilustrados in Spain\*\*: The Propaganda Movement was led by Filipino intellectuals abroad, aiming for reform and assimilation of the Philippines into Spain. \- \*\*La Solidaridad\*\*: The movement's publication, managed by Graciano Lopez Jaena and later Marcelo H. del Pilar, advocated for equality and criticized the Spanish friars. This summary highlights Rizal's departure, his life and struggles in Europe, his intellectual contributions, and his role in the reform movement. \*\*Rizal's Return to the Philippines (1887)\*\* Upon his return to the Philippines in August 1887 after five years abroad, Rizal was met with controversy. The Jesuits at Ateneo sought to bring him back to his old faith, with Padre Faura pointing out errors in \*Noli Me Tangere\*. However, Rizal stood by his work, as he believed he had told the truth about the Filipino condition. The friars, in response, launched attacks on Rizal, both in the pulpit and through pamphlets. They spread false rumors that Rizal was a spy, a Mason, and other dangerous figures, leading to daily death threats against him. His family took precautions, including having him eat with silver utensils to detect possible poisoning. Despite these threats, Rizal kept busy in Calamba, where he opened a medical clinic, with his first patient being his mother. He soon gained a reputation as an eye specialist, earning the nickname \*Doctor Uliman\*, as many mistook him for a German. \*\*Rizal's Departure from the Philippines (1887)\*\* The attention brought on by his novel led Governor-General Emilio Terrero to meet Rizal in Manila. Terrero, having read \*Noli Me Tangere\*, found no issues with it. However, the Archbishop of Manila, Bernardo Nozaleda, urged the ban of the novel. Fearing for Rizal's safety, Terrero assigned Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrade to protect him and advised Rizal to leave the country. Rizal initially refused but ultimately followed the advice of family and friends, departing for Hong Kong after six months. \*\*Rizal's Travels Abroad\*\* \- \*\*Hong Kong (1887)\*\*: Rizal met Filipino exiles and studied Chinese culture. \- \*\*Japan (1888)\*\*: Rizal stayed at the Spanish Legation in Tokyo, where he studied Japanese culture and language. He developed a romantic relationship with a Japanese woman, O-Sei-San, but left Japan to fulfill his duties to his country. \- \*\*United States (1888)\*\*: Rizal was quarantined in San Francisco due to fears of cholera but suspected the real reason was the presence of Chinese and Japanese laborers. He traveled through several U.S. states and admired the country's natural beauty and opportunities for immigrants but criticized the racial inequality, particularly against African Americans and Asians. \- \*\*London (1888)\*\*: Rizal stayed in London to study Philippine history and research at the British Museum. He also continued writing for \*La Solidaridad\*. He received news that his family and the tenants of Calamba were suffering persecution for opposing the friars. \- \*\*Paris (1889)\*\*: In Paris, Rizal continued his research on Philippine history and worked on \*El Filibusterismo\*, the sequel to \*Noli Me Tangere\*. \- \*\*Brussels (1890)\*\*: Rizal moved to Brussels to avoid the distractions of Parisian life and continued writing. He was deeply disturbed by reports of gambling among Filipinos in Spain, which he feared was giving ammunition to the friars. \*\*Rizal's Struggles with the Friars\*\* Rizal's family and other tenants in Calamba were evicted from their land due to conflicts with the Dominican friars who owned the hacienda. Despite his efforts to defend his family, the friars won the case, further fueling Rizal's determination to fight for the rights of Filipinos. \*\*The Hong Kong Years (1891)\*\* Rizal returned to Hong Kong after publishing \*El Filibusterismo\*. He practiced medicine there and began writing the constitution of \*La Liga Filipina\*, an organization that sought to unite Filipinos in peaceful reform. He also devised a plan to establish a Filipino colony in North Borneo for the evicted Calamba tenants, but Governor-General Despujol became suspicious, fearing Rizal's intentions could lead to a revolution. \*\*Return to the Philippines (1892)\*\* Rizal decided to return to Manila in 1892, despite warnings from friends and family that it could be a trap. He believed he had to act for the benefit of the suffering Calamba tenants and other persecuted Filipinos. In a letter to his countrymen, Rizal explained his willingness to risk his life for justice, reflecting his deep commitment to his people.