Rizal Midterms Reviewer PDF - Philippine History (Samar State University)

lOMoARcPSD|36990902 Rizal-Midterms-Reviewer Philippine History (Samar State University) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected]) ...

lOMoARcPSD|36990902 Rizal-Midterms-Reviewer Philippine History (Samar State University) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 RIZAL: UNIT 1 MAJOR ARGUMENTS FOR THE RETRACTION  “confession” of “the forger.”  Antonio K. Abad, August 13, 1901, at a Rizal as American-made hero (1) the Jesuits’ copies have “mi calidad” instead of party at his ancestral home in San “mi cualidad” from the Archbishop’s copies Isidro, Nueva Ecija, told how he was (1) Civil Governor William Howard Taft chose Jose (2) the word “Catolica” was omitted after the first Rizal to be the national hero as a strategy. employed by the Friars earlier that “Iglesias in the Jesuits’ copies same year to make several copies of a (2) He passed the criteria by being a National Hero (3) the word “misma” was added before the third during the American period. retraction document “Iglesias” in the Jesuit’s copies Criteria: (4) the second paragraph from the archbishop’s  Has a concept of nation 2. The second main line of argument against the copies started with the second sentence, Retraction is the claim that other acts and  Define and contribute to a however, from the Jesuits’ copies it started until system or life of freedom and facts do not fit well with the story of the the fifth sentences Retraction. order for a nation. (5) the Jesuits’ copies had 11 commas, the other had  those who contribute to the  document of Retraction was not made 4 only public until 1935. quality of life and destiny of a (6) the Jesuits’ copies did not have the names of the nation (Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz)  no marriage certificate or public record witnesses of the marriage of Rizal with Josephine  part of the people’s expression  thinks of the future Dr. Eugene A. Hessel in his lecture at Siliman University Bracken summarized the major points: RETRACTION ISSUES 3. The third chief line of argument against the (1) The retraction document discovered in 1935 is Retraction is that it is out of character December 29, 1896, Manila considered the chief witness to the reality of the  Senator Rafael Palma, former  there have been claims that the document, as retraction. president of UP, argued that it was a compared to the original file which was (2) testimony of the press, eyewitness, and other drastic change of character if Rizal discovered by Fr. Manuel Garcia, an qualified witnesses retracted. archdiocesan archivist in 1935, was a forgery. (3) “Acts of Faith, Hope, and Charity” reported and signed by Rizal and a signed prayer book Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law  Fr. Marciano Guzman, a great grandnephew of Rizal, cites that Rizal's 4 confessions were (4) Acts of Piety performed by Rizal during his last House Bill No. 5561 certified by 5 eyewitnesses, 10 qualified hours Senate Bill No. 438 witnesses, 7 newspapers, and 12 historians and (5) His “Roman Catholic Marriage” to Josephine It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, writers including Aglipayan bishops, Masons, Bracken. No marriage without a retraction. established on 12th of June 1956 by Senator and anticlericals. CASES AGAINST THE RETRACTION Claro M. Recto.  UP professor emeritus of history Nicolas Zafra It requires the curricula of private and public called the retraction "a plain unadorned fact of 1. Forgery schools, colleges and universities courses history."  matter of the handwriting to include, works and writings of Jose Rizal,  the only scientific study criticizing the particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere REASONS FOR RETRACTION authenticity of the document was made and El Filibusterismo. (1) To save his family and town by Dr. Ricardo R. Pascual of UP; who It was made effective on August 16, 1956. (2) To give Josephine a legal status as his wife concluded that it was a “one-man document” Story of Rizal Law (3) To secure reforms from the Spanish government (4) To help the church cut away from the disease  Based on the principles of textual criticism which harmed her  its content is in part strangely worded Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902  1956, Senator Claro M. Recto introduces the “out of the 333 pages of the Noli Me Tangere, there were  They refused to accept the abolition of the Cadiz original Rizal Bill to promote heroism among only 25 patriotic statements compared to 120 anti- Constitution by King Ferdinand VII of Spain. Filipino youth during a period of social turmoil. Catholic statements”  However, their rebellion was crushed by troops  The Philippines faced challenges including the from other provinces, indicating the lack of unity Hukbalahap insurgency and strong American among Filipino resistance against Spanish rule. influence in its economy and politics. Jesus Paredes:  American aid and guidance were provided in combating communist insurgency. “novels contain objectionable matters and Catholics had Novales Mutiny (1826):  The Philippines joined global efforts against the right to refuse to read them, so as not to endanger communism through treaties with the United their faith.”  Lieutenant Andres Novales, a Mexican soldier in States and membership in SEATO. the Spanish army stationed in the Philippines, Narciso Pimentel: led a mutiny.  American dominance in the economy persisted with laws like the Bell Trade Act in 1947 and “Recto introduced his Rizal Bill to get back at the  Novales and his fellow mutineers complained of parity rights allowing the exploitation of Catholic voters, who, together with President Magsaysay, discrimination and unfair treatment from natural resources. were responsible for his poor showing in the 1955 peninsular (Spanish-born) officials following  The Laurel-Langley Agreement of 1956 elections.” Mexico's independence from Spain. facilitated free entry of American products.  They attempted to rally Filipinos to support their  Recto's bill proposed mandatory study of Jose Senator Francisco Rodrigo: cause and promised to fight for the Rizal's life and works in colleges and independence of the Philippines. “I would not let my teenage son read the Noli Me universities to promote patriotic values.  However, the mutiny was crushed, and the rebels Tangere and El Filibusterismo lest he endangers his  The Catholic Church opposed the bill, citing were executed, demonstrating the strength of Catholic faith.” concerns about Rizal's anti-Church passages in Spanish control over the colony. works like "Noli Me Tangere" and "El  proposed that the footnoted or Apolinario de la Cruz and the Cofradia de San Jose Filibusterismo" annotated versions of the novels be Revolt (1841-1842):  Critics feared that exposure to Rizal's writings used instead of the unexpurgated could harm students' religious beliefs during versions required in the Recto Bill.  Apolinario de la Cruz, who aspired to become a their formative years. priest but was denied by the Spanish due to his  The Church utilized lobbyists and priests to Compromised Bill race, founded the religious organization Cofradia lobby against the bill, including organizations de San Jose.  Senator Jose P. Laurel, based on the proposals like Accion Catolico and priests actively  The Cofradia gained popularity among ordinary of Senators Roseller Lim and Emmanuel participating in Senate hearings. people and was perceived as a threat by the Pelaez, filed a compromised bill.  Opponents argued that mandatory reading of Catholic Church and Spanish authorities.  June 12, 1956, Republic Act No. 1425 better Rizal's works could violate constitutional  After de la Cruz's execution and the suppression known as the Rizal Law, came into effect. freedoms of religion and conscience. of the Cofradia, members of the Tayabas Regiment, who were province-mates of de la Fr. Jesus Cavanna: The Prologue: Background on the Socio-political Cruz, mutinied. “Rizal's novels belonged to the past and it would be situation of the Philippines during the 19th century  They nearly succeeded in taking over Manila but harmful to read them because they presented a false were ultimately defeated when native Kailanes Revolt (Early 19th Century): picture of the conditions of the country at that time” reinforcements arrived to support the Spanish  In the Ilocos region, a group of leading citizens colonizers. known as Kailanes rose up in revolt. Advent of the National Hero Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda 11. Soledad (1870-1929) – youngest; Choleng;  At age of 5, he began to make sketches with his married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba pencil and to mold in his clay and wax objects Nickname: Pepe, Jose  loved toride the pony that which his father gave Birth Date: June 19, 1861 him Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna  long walks with his dog named Usman Died: December 30, 1896  drew sketches and pictures on his books of his Pen names: Laong Laan, May Pag asa, Dimasalang sisters  Mother almost died during delivery due to his  At age of 8, Rizal wrote his first poem in the big head. native language entitled Sa Aking Mga Kababata  baptized in the Catholic church of his town on UNIT 2 (To My Fellow Children) June 22, aged three days old, by the parish  He was 8 yrs. old when he wrote his first priest, Father Rufino Collantes, who was a Earliest Childhood Memories dramatic work which was a Tagalog comedy Batangueño.  He was interested in magic  At age of 3, Rizal would take part in the family  His name “Jose” was chosen by his mother who  prayers. 5 yrs. old, he was able to read the was a devoted of the Christian saint San Jose Spanish family bible. Influences in Hero’s Boyhood (St. Joseph).  Father Leoncio Lopez – one of the men he esteemed and respect in Calamba; town priest Three Uncles: SIBLINGS  On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Uncle Gregorio 1. Saturnina (1850-1913) – oldest; Neneng; Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in o Book lover married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, order to fulfill his mother’s vow, which was Batangas. o taught him to work hard, think for made when Jose was born 2. Paciano (1851-1930) - older brother and himself, and observe life keenly  Rizal also recalled stories from Aya (nurse confidant of Jose Rizal; joined the Philippine Uncle Jose maid) about fairies, buried treasures, trees Revolution and became a combat general o Educated at Calcutta, India. blooming with diamonds, and other fabulous 3. Narcisa (1852-1939) – Sisa; married Antonio tales. o Youngest brother of Dona Teodora Lopez  Rizal was taught how to read in Spanish by his o encouraged his nephew to paint, sketch, 4. Olimpia (1855-2887) – Ypia; married Silvestre mother, Doña Teodora, when he was still young. and sculpture Ubaldo  To impart a lesson about the importance of Uncle Manuel 5. Lucia (1857-1919) - married Mariano Herbosa listening, obeying, and following parental o big, strong, and husky man of Calamba; died of cholera in 1889 and was guidance, Doña Teodora told Jose a story about o looked after the physical training of denied Christian burial because he was a a moth. rizal brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal  As Jose grew older, he remembered the story o encouraged Rizal to learn swimming, 6. Maria (1859-1945) – Biang; married Daniel and associated himself with the moth, fencing, wrestling, and other sports Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna particularly in its pursuit of light, which 7. Jose (1861-1945) Early Education symbolized wisdom. 8. Concepcion (1862-1865) – Concha; died at 3; First teachers: her death was first sorrow of rizal Artistic Talents 9. Josefa (1865-1945) – Panggo; died also an old Dona Teodora  carved figures of animals and persons out of maid at the age of 80 Private Tutors: Maestro Celestino, Maestro wood 10. Trinidad (1868-1951) – Trining; died an old Lucas, Leon Monroy  could already sketch pictures of birds, flowers, maid in 1951 aged 83 fruits, rivers, mountains, animals and persons Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 Rizal goes to Binan Laguna: o He first boarded in a house outside in o There were new classmates among them are 3 intramuros boys from Binan who had been his classmate in o June 1869, left for Binan o Jesuit system of education is more advanced the school of Maestro Justinano o Was accompanied by Paciano, his older brother than that of other colleges in that period o Jose had the same professor as the previous year, o Taught by Maestro Justiniano but stayed at No. 6 Calle Magallanes instead of RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO outside the city. o At the end of the term, he received a medal. o June 1827, Rizal first heard mass o Upon returning home, he visited his mother in o Fr. Jose Bech, Rizal’s first professor in the jail alone, three months before her release. Ateneo o His mother's release greatly influenced his spirit, o Rizal’s was placed at the bottom of the class and he began winning prizes in the third year's His Educational life at the Ateneo de Manila and o He progressed rapidly and at the end of the quarterly examinations. University of Sto. Tomas month he became “emperor” of Carthaginians o He started reading novels, particularly enjoying o Students were divided into two groups: Dumas' "The Count of Monte Cristo" and o Jesuits, renowned educators in Spain and  Roman Empire finding inspiration in the hero's sufferings over Europe, established the Ateneo Municipal in  Carthaginian Empire twelve years. 1865 upon their return to the Philippines. o He also asked his father to buy him a copy of o Jose Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal, o To improve knowledge in spaniards, he took "The Universal History" by Cesar Cantanu, from influenced by a change of heart from his father. private lessons in Sta. Isabel college during which he claimed to have profited greatly. o To avoid suspicion, Rizal adopted the surname break time; paid for 3 pesos for those lessons o The family recognized Jose's academic potential Rizal instead of Mercado. and decided to enroll him as a boarding student o Rizal's interactions with mestizos of friar  Fr. Jose Bech – Rizal’s first professor; man of in college. descent during his time at Ateneo likely high stature o He spent two years of internship in a dormitory overlooking the sea and pier. influenced his later endeavors. Rizal’s classmates were Peninsulares and sons of o The Jesuit education system emphasized holistic Peninsulares: o In his fourth year, he had Fr. Francisco Sanchez development, rigid discipline, physical o Francisco G. Oliva – talented but not studious as a professor, whom he admired for his education, arts, vocational courses, and religious o Joaquin Garrido – poor memory but with talent rectitude and care for students. teachings. and industry o Jose excelled in mathematics, rhetoric, and o Gonzalo Marzano – throne of emperor Greek, earning five medals by the year's end, Rizal Educational Life in Ateneo de Manila and His which he saw as a way to repay his father's Medical Studies at the University of Sto. Tomas SUMMER VACATION sacrifices. o He showed early aptitude for poetry and o Rizal at 11 years old, a student at the Ateneo o March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for continued to cultivate it. o Fr. Magin Fernando deterred him from his summer vacation o An incident showcased Jose's independence matriculation because; o He did not particularly enjoy because his mother when he vehemently defended himself against  He is late for registration and was still in prison accusations of plagiarism from a parish priest,  He appeared to be frail and sickly o He went to Santa Cruz to visit her mother earning the respect of the priest after his talent was confirmed by the Jesuits. o But through the aid of Manuel Xerez Burgos, RIZAL’S SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO he was accepted in Ateneo SUMMER VACATION o Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname of “Rizal” o He repented having neglected his studies the previous year o Summer vacation, he returned to Calamba and he immediately visits her mother in Sta. Cruz Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 o Rizal predicted that his mother, Dona Teodora o His mother opposed with the idea because she was would be released from prison within 3 months. aware of what happened to GOMBURZA MAY 17, 1882 o During this year Rizal got interested in reading o Despite his mother’s opposition, Don Francisco told o Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales romantic novels Paciano to accompany Rizal to manila. o Rizal wrote on his travel diary: “The general o He convinced his father to buy a whole set of appearance of Point Galle is picturestic but Historia Universal by Cesar Cantu GOMBURZA lonely and quiet and at the same time sad” o His first favorite novel was The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas o February 17, 1872, the execution of the three MAY 18, 1882 o Jose read a book Travels in the Philippines by Filipino priests, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose o At 7:30 a.m., he left Punta de Gales for Dr. Feodor Jagor. Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, known as Colombo. In the afternoon, Rizal arrived at GOMBURZA, took place in Bagumbayan by Colombo and in the evening the trip was garrote, as part of the aftermath of the 1872 Cavite resumed. Mutiny. o GOMBURZA were leaders in advocating against MAY 27, 1882 abusive Spanish friars and for equal rights among o He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made FIFTH YEAR priests, contributing to tensions between religious observation at the time. regulars and seculars in the church. o Aden – city hotter than Manila; Rizal was o In his fifth year, Jose had professors: Frs. Vilaclara o The Cavite Mutiny, initially a labor dispute over pay amused to see the camels, for the first time and Mineves, studying philosophy, physics, reduction, was exploited by Spanish authorities to chemistry, and natural history. suppress advocates of secularization. JUNE 2, 1882 o Despite advice from his philosophy professor to o Spanish prosecutors used bribery to secure a witness o He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to abandon poetry, Jose continued to pursue it under the against the priests, who were falsely charged with Marseilles. guidance of his old professor, Father Sanchez, and sedition and treason, leading to their execution o City of Suez – the Red Sea terminal of the Suez even wrote a short story and a dialogue during his Canal. Rizal was impressed in the beautiful studies. Why Rizal Wanted to Study Medicine moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and o While he had a passion for poetry, he also found o To cure his mother’s failing eyesight his family interest in philosophy's inquiry into the nature of o Fr. Pablo Ramon, whom he consulted for a o Suez Canal – canal which built by Ferdinand de things and physics' exploration of nature's divine choice of career, finally answered his letter, Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was drama. However, natural history was less engaging recommending medicine inaugurated on November 17, 1869 for him, except for his fascination with shells. o Port Said – the Mediterranean terminal of the o Despite being small in stature, Jose actively engaged Rizal’s life and Works Abroad Suez Canal. in physical activities like gymnastics and fencing to improve his physique. After his baccalaureate, he MAY 3, 1882 JUNE 11, 1882 impressed his family with his skill in o Rizal left for the Philippines for the first time to o Rizal disembarked and, accompanied by a guide, swordsmanship. Spain. went around the City of Naples for one hour. o He also devoted time to painting and sculpture, o Boarded on the SS Salvadora bound for using a This was the first European ground he set foot receiving guidance from Ateneo professor Don passport of Jose Mercado. on. Augustin Saez for drawing and painting, and Filipino o Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of sculptor Romualdo de Jesus for sculpture. Both MAY 9, 1882 its business activity, its lively people and its mentors were proud of his progress. o SS Salvadora docked in Singapore panoramic beauty o He stayed in Hotel dela Paz for two days AFTER ATENEO o In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship JUNE 12, 1882 Djemnah, a French streamer, which left o At ten o’clock in the evening, the boat anchored o Rizal wanted to study medicine in UST Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882. at Marseilles. He slept in board. Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 o Rizal visited the famouse Chateau d’If, where o Rizal moved into abroad in order to continue  Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo was his medical studies. in ophthalmology—Rizal chose this branch of medicine imprisoned o Rizal enrolled at the Unibersidad Central de because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment o Rizal stayed two and a half days in Marseilles. Madrid. In two courses – Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. November 3, 1882 DR. LOIUS DE WECKERT JUNE 15, 1882  He is the leading French Ophthalmologist during the o He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express LIFE IN MADRID period. He is the leading authority among the oculists of train. o Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Rizal France, who found Rizal such a competent student and o Rizal crossed the Pyreness and stopped for a day studied painting and sculpture make him as his clinical assistant. at the frontier town of Port Bou o Took lessons in French, German and English  During his free time, he visited his fellow countrymen – under private instructors. Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix and Paz) and Juan JUNE 16, 1882 o Practiced fencing and shooting at the Hall of Luna. Rizal posed in Luna’s canvass like, “The Blood o At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and Arms in Sanz y Carbonell. Compact” in which he posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as boarded in the Fonda De España. o Rizal joined the CIRCULO-HISPANO Legaspi. He also posed for a group picture called “The o Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the FILIPINO. It is an association formed by Death of Cleopatra” wherein he dressed as an Egyptian. greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s second Filipino students in Spain composed both largest city was unfavorable Filipinos and Spaniards FEBRUARY 1, 1886 o Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)-  He left Paris to Germany and arrived on February 3, 1886 in Heidelberg - a historic city in Germany famous upon the request of the members of this society, for its old university and romantic surroundings Rizal wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception LIFE IN BARCELONA of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882. o Rizal wrote an essay entitled “Amor Patrio” DR. OTTO BECKER o Distinguished German ophthalmologist where (love of country). CIRCULO-HISPANO FILIPINO o “Los Viajes” (Travels) – next article written Rizal worked—University Eye Hospital o “Revista De Madrid” (Review of Madrid) – o MARCH 1883 - He joined the Masonic Lodge NOVEMBER 1886 was returned because the publication was ceased called ACACIA. His reason for was to secure o Rizal arrived in Berlin. He was enchanted by the due to lack of funds Freemasonry's aid in his fight in the Philippines. o NOVEMBER 1883 - He transferred to LODGE scientific atmosphere and the absence of racial prejudice in Berlin. August 20, 1882 SOLIDARIDAD, where he become a Master o Rizal's article "Amor Patrio" (Love of Country) Mason BERLIN was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a Manila o JUNE 1884 - Rizal finished his medical education. o Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor, great scientist and newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in author of “Travels in the Philippines,” one of the marked Rizal's first article written abroad. Medicine. The next year, he passed all his subjects books Rizal admired during his student days. He o "Amor Patrio" was a nationalistic essay written leading to Doctors of Medicine but was only able to also met Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a famous German under Rizal's pen-name Laong Laan. It was get his Doctor’s Diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able Anthropologist; his son Dr. Hans Virchow, a published in both Spanish and Tagalog, with the to pay corresponding fees. professor in anatomy; and Dr. W. Joest, a Spanish text being Rizal's original work written o JUNE 1885 - Rizal was awarded the degree of German Geographer. in Barcelona, while the Tagalog text was Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the translated by M.H. del Pilar. Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of o The article was edited by Basilio Teodoro. “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente) RIZAL’S REASON IN STAYING IN BERLIN SEPTEMBER 2, 1882 PARIS TO BERLIN  To gain further knowledge in Ophthalmology: Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902  To further his studies of sciences and languages; o Rizal and Viola stayed in Leitmeritz  To observe the economic and political BERLINER BUCHDRUCKREI- ACTION- o Burgomaster- town mayor conditions of the German nation; GESSELSCHAFT o Tourist’s Club of Leitmeritz-which Blumentritt  To associate with famous German scientists and o a printing shop which charged the lowest rate, was the secretary; Rizal spoke scholars; that is, 300 pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel extemporaneously in fluent Germany to the  To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere. officers and members Dr. Carlos Czepelak- MARCH 21, 1887 renowned scientist of Europe; and Professor MARCH 11, 1886 o the Noli Me Tangere came off the press Robert Klutschak- an eminent naturalist o One of Rizal’s important letters written while he o The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase was in Germany that addressed to his sister, which means “Touch Me Not.” It is not May 16, 1887 at 9:45 AM Trinidad. originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted o Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train o In this letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and taking it from the Bible. LEITMERITZ admiration for German womanhood - The o Dr. Willkomm- professor of natural history in German woman, said Rizal to his sister, is the University of Prague serious, diligent, educated, and friendly. She is Did you know? o According to Viola, “nothing of importance not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome. happened” in this city PRAGUE Although Rizal completed a thesis for his doctorate in NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN medicine, he did not technically receive this degree, May 20, 1887 (1887) since he did not appear to read his thesis aloud as o Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of o In 1886, Rizal experienced financial hardship in required by the Central University of Madrid. At the time Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary Berlin as no money arrived from Calamba, Rizal completed the thesis, he was already studying o Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” leaving him broke. His sister's diamond ring was ophthalmology in Germany. because of its beautiful buildings, religious pawned for money. images, haunting waltzes and majestic charm o This period was one of the darkest winters for VIENNA Rizal, as he struggled with hunger, illness, and Memories in Leitmeritz o Norfentals- one of the greatest Austrian novelists despair in a foreign city. However, amidst his was favorably impressed by Rizal, and years suffering, Rizal found joy when his first novel, RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH later he spoke highly of Rizal, “whose genius he "Noli Me Tangere," was published in March VIOLA (1887) so much admired.” 1887. o Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train o Hotel Metropole- where Rizal and Viola stayed o Dresden- one of the best cities in Germany In Vienna, Rizal received his lost diamond HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNLCE TOM’S o Prometheus Bound-painting wherein Rizal was stickpin VIENNA CABIN - inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would deeply impressed depict the miseries of his people under the lash of o Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia)- next May 24, 1887 Spanish tyrants. stopover after leaving Dresden o Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube River MAXIMO VIOLA MAY 11, 1887 o Rizal particularly noticed that the passengers on o Rizal’s friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at o At 1:30pm of May 13, 1887- the train, with the river boat were using paper napkins during the height of Rizal despondency and loaned him Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad the meals, which was a novelty to him. Viola, the needed funds to publish the novel; savior of station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia for the first time, commented that the paper napkins were “more Noli the two great scholars— Rizal and Blumentritt hygienic and economical than cloth napkins” —met in person Professor Blumentritt- a kind- FEBRUARY 21, 1887 hearted, old Austrian professor DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ o the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing May 13 to May 16, 1887 Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 o Munich - where Rizal and Viola sojourned for a o the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal o Rizal suffered one failure during his six months short time to savor the famous Munich beer, visited for the first time the Vatican, the “City of of sojourn in Calamba—his failure to see Leonor reputed to be the best in Germany the Popes” and the capital of Christendom. Rivera o Nuremberg- one of the oldest cities of Germany o Every night, after sightseeing the whole day, FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL Rizal returned to his hotel, very tired. “I am tired STORM OVER NOLI o The Cathedral of Ulm- the largest and tallest as a dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but I will cathedral in all Germany. sleep as a God” o Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888) o From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and o After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, summoned Rizal to Malacañang Palace. then Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine). At Rizal prepared to return to the Philippines. He o Lieutenant Don Jose Taviel de Andrade was Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall, “the most had already written to his father that he was assigned as Rizal's bodyguard by Governor beautiful waterfall of Europe.” coming home. General Terrero. o Msgr. Pedro Payo, a Dominican, sent a copy of LINTZ TO RHEINFALL Rizal’s First Homecoming (1887-1888) "Noli Me Tangere" to Father Rector Gregorio o June 2 to 3, 1887 - stayed at Schaffhausen, Echavarria of the University of Sto. Tomas for Switzerland o Rizal was warned not to return home because of examination by a faculty committee. his publication of Noli Me Tangere and the o The faculty committee at the University of Santo CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND uproar it caused. However, rizal was determined Tomas deemed the Noli as heretical, impious, o This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities to return to Philippines to: scandalous, anti-patriotic, and subversive to in Europe, visited by world tourists every year. o Operate on his mother’s eyes public order. o June 19, 1887- Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. o Serve his people o The Permanent Commission of Censorship, It was his 26th birthday. o Find out how noli and other writings composed of priests and laymen, recommended o Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in were affecting filipinos and Spaniards the absolute prohibition of the importation, Geneva. o Inquire why Leonor Rivera remained reproduction, and circulation of the novel in the silent Philippines. GENEVA, SWITZERLAND o Fr. Salvador Font, an Augustinian cura, headed o June 23, 1887 - Viola and Rizal parted ways— July 29, 1887 the committee and found subversive ideas Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal o Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his against the Church and Spain in the Noli. continued the tour to Italy. homecoming, “on the 15th of July, I shall o Fr. Jose Rodriguez, another Augustinian priest, o Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain- embark for our country, so that from the 15th to published a series of pamphlets criticizing the Rizal was outraged by this degradation of his the 30th of August, we shall see each other” Noli and other anti-Spanish writings. fellow countrymen the Igorots of Northern HOMECOMING o Vicente Barrantes, a Spanish academician, Luzon GENEVA criticized the Noli in an article published in La o August 8, 1887- Rizal returned to Calamba Espańa Moderna. June 27, 1887 o In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. o Rizal's time in Calamba with Lt. Andrade was o Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also His first patient was his mother, who was almost marred by the death of his older sister, Olimpia, called the “City of the Caesars” blind. and false rumors circulated by his enemies. o Rizal was thrilled by the sights and memories of o Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” o Rev. Vicente Garcia, a Filipino Catholic priest the Eternal City. Describing to Blumentritt, the because he came from Germany, treated their and scholar, defended the Noli in a pamphlet “grandeur that was Rome”, he wrote on June 27, ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative published in Singapore, criticizing Fr. 1887 medical practice Rodriguez's arguments. o Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, o Rizal himself defended his novel against RIZAL IN ITALY where he introduced European sports Barrantes' attack in a letter written in Brussels, June 29, 1887 Belgium, in February 1880. Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|36990902 o The friars petitioned Governor General Terrero to deport Rizal, but Terrero refused due to lack of valid charges against Rizal in court. o Rizal decided to leave Calamba for two reasons: to ensure the safety and happiness of his family and friends, and to better serve his country's cause by writing abroad. o Shortly before departing Calamba in 1888, Rizal's friend from Lipa requested him to write a poem commemorating the town's elevation to a city under the Becerra Law of 1888. o Rizal wrote "Himno Al Trabajo" (Hymn to Labor), a poem dedicated to the hardworking people of Lipa. Downloaded by Feb Escaros ([email protected])