Buhay ni Rizal (PDF)

Ang Buhay ni Rizal Si Jose Rizal  Ang Pilipinas sa Panahon Ni Rizal Governador-heneral Rafael de Izquierdo(1871-1873)-binitay ang tatlong paring martir(GomBurZa) Almirante Jose Malcampo(1874- 1877)mahusay sa digmaan ngunit walang alam sa pamamalakad Valeriano Weyler y...

Ang Buhay ni Rizal Si Jose Rizal  Ang Pilipinas sa Panahon Ni Rizal Governador-heneral Rafael de Izquierdo(1871-1873)-binitay ang tatlong paring martir(GomBurZa) Almirante Jose Malcampo(1874- 1877)mahusay sa digmaan ngunit walang alam sa pamamalakad Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau(1888-1891)- nilapitan ng 21 kababaihan ng Malolos  ‘ Camilo de Polavieja(1896-1897)-nagpabitay kay Rizal sa Bagumbayan Eulogio Despujol(nagpakulong at nagpatapon kay Rizal sa Dapitan  ' Ventura delos Reyes(18101813)-kinatawan ng Pilipinas sa Cortes ng Espanya Leyes de Indias(batas ng mga Indio)-batas para sa karapatan ng mga katutubo Frailes- Dominikano,Agustino,Heswita,Recoletos ,Fransiskano,Benediktos atbp  Ang Kapanganakan Si Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda o mas kilala bilang Jose Rizal ay isinilang sa Calamba, Laguna noong Hunyo 19, 1861.  Ang Kanyang Binyag Bininyag siya sa Simbahang Katoliko noong Hunyo 22, 1861 ni Padre Rufino Collantes, isang Batangueno. Ang kanyang ninong ay si Padre Pedro Casanas, isang taga- Calamba.  Ang Kanyang Binyag Bininyag siya sa Simbahang Katoliko noong Hunyo 22, 1861 ni Padre Rufino Collantes, isang Batangueno. Ang kanyang ninong ay si Padre Pedro Casanas, isang taga- Calamba.  Ano Ang Ibig Sabihin ng Kanyang Pangalan? Jose – pangalan ng patron ng kanyang ina na si San Jose. Protacio – ang pangalan ng patron sa kalendaryo kung saan natapat ang pista ni San Protacio sa kaarawan ni Jose. Mercado – hango sa espanol na salita na mercado na ibig sabihin ay palengke. Rizal – hango sa espanol na salita na Recial na ibig sabihin ay luntiang bukirin. Pagpapatuloy… Alonzo – ang unang apilyedo ni Dona Teodora Alonzo Realonda. Realonda – ang kinuhang bagong apilyedo ni Dona Teodora noong ipinatupad ang utos ni Gobernador- Heneral Narciso Claveria na ipapalit ang lahat ng apilyedo at ang kinuha niya ay ang pangalan ng kanyang ninang na Realonda Pinagmulan ng angkan Domingo lamco-isang Tsino na mula sa Fukien Ines dela Rosa-napangasawa Francisco-anak ni Domingo at Ines,unang gumamit ng apelyidong Mercado Juan Mercado-lolo ni Rizal  Ang Mga Magulang ni Rizal Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos  Mga Magulang ni Rizal Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818-1898) – isinilang sa Binan, Laguna noong May 11,1818. Nagaral sa Kolehyo ng San Jose sa Maynila. Noong bata pa, lumipat na siya sa Calamba, Laguna upang maging magsasaka sa asyeda ng mga paring Dominikano. Namatay siya sa Maynila noong Enero 5, 1898. Pagpapatuloy… Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos (1826-1911)- isinilang sa Maynila noong Nobyembre 8, 1826 at nagaral sa Kolehiyo ng Sta. Rosa. Namatay siya noong Agusto 6, 1911 sa Maynila. Mga Kapatid  Mga Kapatid Saturnina (1850-1913) – panganay sa magkakapatid, ang palayaw ay Neneng at ikinasal kay Manuel Higaldo. Paciano (1851-1930) – ang nagiisang kapatid na lalaki ni Jose at namatay noong Abril 23, 1930 Narcisa (1852-1939) – palayaw niya ay Sisa at ikinasal siya kay Antonio Lopez, isang guro sa Morong. pagpapatuloy… Olimpia (1855-1887) – palayaw niya ay Ypia at ikinasal siya kay Silvestre Ubaldo. Lucia (1857-1919) – iknasal kay Mariano Herbosa ng Calamba na namatay sa sakit na kolera at ayaw bigyan ng Kristianong libing dahil bayaw siya ni Jose. Maria (1857-1945) – Biang ang kanyang palayaw at ikinasal kay Daniel Faustino Cruz ng Binan, Laguna. Pagpapatuloy… Jose (1861-1896) – ang palayaw niya ay Pepe at napangasawa niya si Josephine Bracken. Concepcion (1862-1865) - ang kanyang palayaw ay Concha at ang kanyang pagkamatay ay nagdulot ng unang kalungkutan ni Jose. Josefa (1865-1945) – ang palayaw niya ay Panggoy. Pagpapatuloy… Trinidad (1868-1951) – Trining ang kanyang palayaw. Soledad (1870-1929) – bunso sa magkakapatid; ang kanyang palayaw ay Choleng at napangasawa kay Pantaleon Quintero ng Calamba.  Unang Tula Ni Rizal Sa edad na walo, sinulat ni Jose ang una niyang tula na pinamagataang “Sa Aking Mga Kabata.” Mga Inpluwensiya Sa Kabataan 1. Inpluwensiyang Namana 2. Impluwensiya sa Kapaligiran 3. Tulong Maykapal  Impluwensiyang Namana Ninunong Malaya – pagibig sa kalayaan, bukal ng pagnanasang maglakbay, at katapangan. Ninunong Tsino – seryoso, masinop, at mapagmahal sa mga bata. Ninunong Espanol – elegante, madamdamin sa mga insulto, at galante sa mga kababaihan. Pagpapatuloy… Mula sa Ama – tunay na pagpapahalaga sa sarili, pagmamahal sa paggawa, at malayang pagiisip. Mula sa Ina – relihiyoso, diwa ng pamamalasakit, at pagmahal sa literatura.  Impluwensiya ng Kapaligiran Tiyo Jose Alberto – sining Tiyo Manuel – palakasan Tiyo Gregorio – palabasa Mga kalungkutan - pagkamatay ni Concha, pagkakapiit ni Dona Teodora, at pagbitay sa GomBurZa.  Pagaaral Mga Unang Guro Sa Binan Sa Ateneo Sa UST Sa Univercidad Central de Madrid  Mga Unang Guro Kanyang Ina Maestro Celestino Maestro Lucas Padua Leon Monroy  Sa Binan Si Jose ay nagaral kay Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz ng isa’t kalahating taon. Si Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz ay naging guro rin ni Paciano. Sa Ateneo Sa Ateneo Municipal de Manila – natapos ng Bachilles en Artes – labing-isang taong gulang nangpumasok – nakatanggap ng pang-unang medalya at pitong sobresaliente. Sa Ateneo Municipal de Manila Romano at Kartigiyano- pagkakahati ng klase ni Rizal ayon sa kanilang tagumpay sa pang araw- araw na leksyon 1874-Mi Primera Inspirascion(ang aking unang Salimsim/Inspirasyon) Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria(Dahil sa Karununga’y nagkaroon kinang ng bayan) 1875-Felicitation(pagbati)-hiling ng kanyang kapatid na si Narcisa para sa asawang si Antonio Lopez Al Niño Jesus(Para sa batang Hesus)at La Virgen Maria(Para sa Birheng Maria)- mga tulang panrelihiyon Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de las Colegiales(Ang Huling wika ng mga mag-aaral)- huling tula na sinulat sa Ateneo Fray Francisco de Paula Sanchez-paboritong guro -huwaran ng pagkamakatwiran,pagkamaagap at may pagmamahal para sa pag-unlad ng kanyang mga mag-aaral Alexander Dumas-The Count Of Monte Cristo Cesar Cantu-Universal History of the World Dr.Feodor Jagor-Travels in the Philippines Agustin Saez- guro sa pagpipinta Romualdo De Jesus-guro sa iskultura Fray Lleonart-humiling na umukit ng isang imahe ng Sagrado Corazon de Jesus La Tragedia de San Eustaquio Martir- pinkamahabang tula na naisulat Sa Unibersidad ng Sto. Tomas Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas – nag-aral ng Filosofia y Letras. – nag-aral din ng Medisina ngunit di siya nasiyahan sa pamamaraan ng pagtuturo kaya’t nagtungo sa Europa. Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas 1879-lumahok sa patimpalak ng sining-Liceo Artistico-Literario de Manila Ala Juventud Filipina(para sa kabataang Pilipino)-nagkamit ng unang gantimpala 1880-El Consejo de los Dioses-unang gantimpala Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma-dineklama ni Manuel Fernandez A Filipinas-inihandog sa samahan ng mga manlililok Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas Junto Al Pasig(Sa Tabi ng Pasig)-sarswela para sa kapistahan ng Imaculada Concepcion Al M.R.P.-inilarawan ni Rizal ang pagkakaiba ng mga heswita sa ibang mga frailes at orden Memorias de un Estudiante de manila at Dos Diarios de Juventud- P Jacinto-sagisag panulat Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas – Post-Terciara, 1877-1878 – Kosmolohiya at Metapisika……………………………………….Sobresaliente – Teodisiya……………………………………………………………….Sobresaliente – Kasasaysayan ng Pilosopiya………………………………………Sobresaliente – Unang Taon, Medisina, 1878-1879 – Pisika…………………………………………………………………….Aprovechado – Kimika…………………………………………………………………..Sobresaliente – Likas na Kasaysayan………………………………………………..Aprovechado – Anatomiya I……………………………………………………………Bueno – Diseksyon I…………………………………………………………….Bueno – Ikalawang Taon, Medisina, 1879-1880 – Anatomiya II…………………………………………………………...Bueno – Diseksyon II…………………………………………………………….Bueno – Pribado at pampublikong Kalusugan…………………………..Bueno Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas Ikatlong Taon, Medisina, 1880-1881 Panlahatang Patolohiya……………………………………………Aprobado Terapyutiks………………………………………………………Sobrasaliente Siruhiya………………………………………………………………….Bueno Ikaapat na Taon, Mediisina, 1881-1882 Medikal na Patolohiya………………………………………………Notable Pansiruhiyang Patolohiya………………………………………....Notable Obstetrika………………………………………………………………Notable Sa Unibersidad ng Sto Tomas Sobrasaliente Pinakamahusay Notable, Aprovechado Mahusay na mahusay Bueno Mainam Mediano Mahina Aprobado Pasado Suspenso Kondisyonal Reprobado Bagsak  Rizal's First Trip Abroad 3 May 1882 Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista. 15 June 1882 He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.  Rizal in Barcelona, Spain 20 August 1882 His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the First article he wrote abroad.  Rizal in Madrid, Spain 2 September 1882 Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the following subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and obstetrical clinic. 4 October 1882 Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, there together in the effort to save the association from disintegration, Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of Pablo Ortiga y Rey.  2 November 1882 He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published because the newspaper stops its circulation. 7 November 1882 Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed Laong - Laan.  Rizal in Paris, France 18 June 1883 With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr, Nicaise treated his patients. He was stunned to see the advanced facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital. 19 June 1883 He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the technique of operation. Later he went to see dupytren Museum. 20 June 1883 Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera was an extern. Here he observe the examination of the different diseases of women.  Rizal Back in Madrid 28 September 1883 He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid for the second course in medicine. October 1883 He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 rich innocent persons in Manila. The Prisoners who knew nothing is the cause of their detention and who became sick later, were kept in a humid prison cell. Rizal was indignant of his inhuman act. 2 January 1884 Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo assembled in the house of the Pateros, the publication of a book by association. This idea became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me Tangere.  21 June 1884 He finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade of aprobado from the Central Universidad de Madrid. 25 June 1884 Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a speech in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. The occasion commemorated the triumph of the two, especially Luna who won the first prize for his Spoliarium during the National Exposition of Fine Arts held in Madrid that year.  1 July 1884 Rizal explained the term "Filibusterismo" in the newspaper of Madrid El Progreso, calling the attention of the Spanish authorities over the case of future of the Filipinos. He asked for freedom of the press and the right of representation of the Spanish Cortes.  20 November 1884 Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central Universidad de Madrid where the students and professors staged a strike against excommunication imposed by the bishop on the lecture proclaiming the freedom of science and of the teacher. Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany 22 April 1886 While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his parents and his country, Rizal wrote the poem "A Las Flores de Heidelberg.“  Rizal in Berlin, Germany 21 March 1887 Copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one copy to Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he say it was the first impartial and daring book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He opined that the Spanish authorities and the friar would attack the book.  Rizal in Manila 5 August 1887 At 9:00 o’clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five years of study and patriotic labors in Europe. 18 August 1887 In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Sto. Thomas, that an information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a Commission composed of University professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.  30 August 1887 He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor- General on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere which caused torment among the friars in the Philippines. Governor-General Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one. – On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon the order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an order prohibiting the possession and reading of the Noli Me Tangere.  September 1887 Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage while giving birth. His father did not permit him to go out alone and eat in the house of his relatives. 19 October 1887 Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to protect him, during an excursion to Los Baños. This drawing was sent to Blumentritt.  29 Decmber 1887 The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment absolutely prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the recommendation of the Governor-General, Father Font said: "…Aside of attacking so directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and doctrines; and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound,and furious hate to the mother country…"  3 February 1888 Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, left Manila for Hongkong, bringing with him P5,000 which he earned from his medical practice.  Rizal in Hong Kong 19 February 1888 With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some Portuguese, Rizal left Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui Kiang. In Macao, they lived in the house of Juan Lecaroz. Rizal went around for observation, especially the botanical garden. 22 February 1888 After staying in Hong Kong for almost two weeks, he left for Japan on board the Oceanic.  Rizal in Japan Rizal in America Rizal Bound for England – Rizal in London – Rizal in Paris Rizal Back in Spain  Some works of Rizal Translated Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) on 1890 El Solfeo de la Defensa (La Solidaridad) "Los agriculores Filipinos“ "En Bosque“ "Me Piden Versos…!“ "Los Viajes“ "La Verdad para Todos“ "Verdades Neuvas"  "Differencias“ "a La Patria“ "Inconsecuencias" "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos“ "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos "Filipinas en el congreso" "Sobre la nueva ortografia de la lengua tagala," "Mariang Makiling,"  Rizal Back in Madrid 23 August 1890 He reported to Juan Luna what transpired between him and Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel and they also had a duel.  Rizal Biarritz, France 29 March 1891 He finished writing his book El Filibusterismo. He planned, however, of revising some chapters.  Rizal in Brussels, Belgium 1 May 1891 In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated [again] his desire to be in Hong Kong, reminding the former of the amount he was borrowing for his fare. He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move from Europe to either Hongkong, Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the receiving of pension from the Propaganda.“ 30 May 1891 Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the El Filibusterismo. He was waiting for an amount to defray the publication expense.  Rizal in Ghent, Belgium 9 July 1891 He was financially hard up. He did not receive for three months up to this date any pension from home. He was living in the most difficult situation, renting a small room and eating the modest food in order to economize and able to publish the Fili. He had already pawned all his jewels. September 1890 El Fili was publish in Ghent using the donations from Rizal’s friends.  Rizal in the Philippines 26 June 1892 Rizal arrived in the Philippines from Hongkong on board the boat Don Juan. After having been inspected by the custom men, he boarded in the Oriente Hotel where he occupied room No. 22, facing the Binondo church. His sister, Lucia, accompanied him in his return to the Philippines. In the evening, he attended the reunion held in the house of Don Ong-junco, a Chinese mestizo, who was living in the district of Tondo. Here he met many Filipinos who were later arrested and executed as a consequence of the discovery of the Katipunan.  3 July 1892 Rizal had again an interview with Governor- General Despujol. He thanked Governor- General Despujol for lifting the order of exile for his sisters. The Governor told him to come back the following Wednesday. In the evening, he attended a meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to discuss the proposed Liga Filipina.  Exiled to Dapitan 6 July 1892 Rizal held the last interview with the Governor- General. The governor-general confronted him for anti-friar bills supposedly found in the baggages of his sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago (from July 6-15). 15 July 1892 At 1:00 on the morning, Rizal was shipped on board the boat S. S. Cebu to Dapitan. He was given good cabin, but well guarded.  In Daptian He engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classes- taught the pupils English and Spanish languages and the arts  From Dapitan to Fort Santiago When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. Sa Universidad Central de Madrid Sa Universidad Central de Madrid – nag-aral siya rito noong magtungo siya sa Madrid, Espanya – nagtapos ng Medisina at Pilosopiya – nag-aral ng Eskultura, Artes, Pagpinta, at lengguwahe Naging Pagibig  Naging Pagibig Julia (Minyang) Segunda Katigbak – unang pagibig, itinakdang ikasal kay Manuel Luz. Binibining L. (Jacinta Ibardo Laza) Leonor Valenzuela (Orang) – tinuruan ni Rizal magsulat gamit ng “invisible ink”. Leonor Rivera (Taimis) – natatangi sa lahat, ikinasal kay Henry Kipping. Continuation… Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San) – siya rin ang tagaturo ni Jose tungkol sa Hapon. Consuelo Ortiga y Perez – sinulatan ni Jose ng tulang “A La Senorita C.O.y. P.”. Suzanne Jacoby – Belgian na nakatira sa Londres na umiibig kay Jose. Nelly Boustead - nagging sanhi ng muntik nang pakikipagduwelo ni Rizal kay Antonio Luna Continuation… Gertude Beckett – ang patawag para kay Gertude ay Gettie at para kay Jose naman at Pettie. Josephine Bracken – pinakasalan ni Jose bago siya barilin.  Mga Wikang Alam Tagalog Ilokano Bisaya Subanon Spanish Dutch German Portuguese English Hebrew Chinese Continuation… Latin Arabic Catalan Swedish Greek Malaysian Italian Russian French Sanskrit Japanese  Mga Katangian Manunulat Doktor (surihano sa mata) Makata Mandudula Mananalaysay Arkitekto Pintor Eskultor Continuation… Edukador Lingwista Musiko Naturalista Etnolohista Agremensor Inhinyero Magsasakang Negosyante Continuation… Ekonomista Heograpo Kartograpo Pilolohista Folkorista Pilosopo Tagapagsalin Imbentor Continuation… Mahikero Humorista Satirista Polemisista Manlalaro Manlalakbay Propeta Bayani Politikong Martir  Mga Mahahalagang Akda Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo Mi Ultimo Adios Noli Me Tangere  Noli Me Tangere Inspirasyon: Circulo Hispano Filipino – hinangad ni Rizal na makasulat siya at ang mga kasama niya ng isang aklat tungkol sa iba’t ibang mukha ng buhay sa Pilipinas Wandering Jew – hinangaan niya ang nobelang ito Uncle Tom’s Cabin – nadama niya ang pagkaalipin ng mga Negro sa Amerika Continuation… Inalay para sa Inang Bayan. Isinulat sa Madrid, Paris at Berlin Tinulungan ni Maximo Viola at ni Paciano para mapalimbag ang Noli Natapos ito isulat sa Berlin noong Marso 29, 1887 at ipinalimbag sa Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action Gesselschaft. Continuation… Katumbas sa English: The Social Cancer Katumbas sa Filipino: Huwag Mo Akong Salingin Nilalaman:Nobelang panlipunan na tumatalakay sa pamumuhay, pag-uugali at ang mga "sakit" ng mga mamamayan noon. El Filibusterismo  El Filibusterismo Karugtong ng Noli Me Tangere Inaalay sa GomBurZa Sinulat niya ang Fili sa Londres, Bruselas at Gantes. Tinulungan ni Valentin Ventura para mapalimbag ang Fili. Tinapos ang Fili sa Gantes noong Setyembre 18, 1891 at pinalimbag ito sa F. Meyer-Van Loo Press sa Gantes. Continuation… Katumbas sa Filipino: Ang Manghihimagsik Katumbas sa Engles: The Reign of Greed Nilalaman: Nobelang pampulitika na pumupuksa sa pamahalaan ng Kastila. Mi Ultimo Adios  Mi Ultimo Adios Sinulat niya bago mamatay Nilagay sa lampara at ibinigay kay Trinidad. Sinabi ni Rizal kay Trining, “There’s something inside.” Isinulat ng walang pamagat.  Mga Sagisag Panulat P. Jacinto – ginamit sa pagsulat ng “Mga Alaala Ng Isang Magaaral sa Maynila” Laong-Laan – ginamit sa pagsulat ng “Amor Patrio”. Dimasalang – ginamit sa pagsulat ng “La Vision de Fray Rodriguez”.  Ang Paglilitis Ang kanyang abogado ay si Luis Taviel de Andrade. Nilitis siya sa Cuartel de Espana. Hinatulan siya ng kamatayan. Kamatayan  Kamatayan Petsa: Disyembre 30, 1896, ika-7:03 ng umaga Lugar: Bagumbayan (Luneta) Sanhi: firing squad Huling Kataga: Consummatum Est (Naganap na.)  Acknowledgement www.joserizal.ph www.joserizal.info Zaide, Gregorio F. Jose Rizal, Buhay, Mga Ginawa at Mga Sinulat ng Isang Henyo, Manunulat, Siyentipiko, at Pambansang Bayani. 2008