Readings in Philippine History Reviewer PDF

**1. HISTORY** \- from the Greek word *Historie* or *Historia* which means "learning, inquiry and or investigation. \- a branch of the Social Sciences that deals with the [systematic] study of [significant past]. **2. HISTORIOGRAPHY -** refers to the study of history itself. Analyzes: - Who i...

**1. HISTORY** \- from the Greek word *Historie* or *Historia* which means "learning, inquiry and or investigation. \- a branch of the Social Sciences that deals with the [systematic] study of [significant past]. **2. HISTORIOGRAPHY -** refers to the study of history itself. Analyzes: - Who is the history writer. - The motives of the writer. - The sources of the writer. - Theories applied and other historical methods. - The context when history was written. **3. ELEMENTS OF HISTORY** 1\. *The Historian*. This refers to the person writing history. 2\. *Place*. The location where the history was written. 3\. *Period*. Refers to the context of the time when the history was written. **4.** **NATURE OF HISTORY AS ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE** **A.** *History has no subject matter of its own.* **B.** *History synthesizes knowledge from other fields.* **C.** *History illuminates pieces of the past.* **D.** *History is constantly changing.* **E.** *History sheds light to truth* **5. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF HISTORY** According to E. Kent Rogers, we study History because of the following: - *to know more about the roots of our current culture.* - *to learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history.* - *learn about mistakes of those who have gone before us.* **6. HISTORY IN RELATION WITH OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES** 1*. **Archaeology*** is scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities. **7. SOURCES OF HISTORY** **Sources/Batis/Sanggunian -- refers to the basis of claims or analysis of the historian.\ ** 4\. **Types of historical sources** Historians can get his sources, primary or secondary, from the following: - *Archival Material* - *Government Documents* - *Serials* - *Books* - *Visual and Audio Materials* **8. HISTORICAL CRITICISM** The historian's role in writing history, to reiterate, is to provide meanings to facts that he gathered from primary sources (facts from manuscripts, documents) or those that have been gathered by archaeologists or anthropologists (artifacts). **9. WILLIAM LUND -** We study the past to understand the present to guide the future **10. HERODOTUS --** Was an ancient Greek writer, geographer and historian born in the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire. History of the Greco-Persian Wars. **11. SA AKING MGA KABATA** **-** According to Dr. Nancy Kimuell Gabriel on her thesis masterado "Timawa: Kahulugan, Kasaysayan at Kabuluhan sa Lipunang Pilipino," on UP Diliman, 2001the poem shows falseness. Historian Ambeth Ocampo ,National artist of the Philippines and writer Virgilio S. Almario and others have debunked Rizal\'s traditional authorship of the poem based on the following. ​ **12. CODE OF KALANTIAW** **-** William Henry Scott, examined the pre-Hispanic history of the Philippines. Scott raised issues on the existence of the Code of Kalantiaw, specifically on:​ - No written/ pictorial documents from that time in Philippine history​ - No documents from other countries that mention Kalantiaw. ​ - No recorded Filipino legend about Kalantiaw other than the doubtful Pavon manuscripts before the 20th century ​ - Historian Diego Alba looked for Kalantiaw in local folklore but found none. ​ - Two inconsistent versions on how Jose Marco obtained the manuscripts  ( looters and cook stories) ​ - Mistakes in the Pavon manuscripts ​ **13. ILUSTRADOS** -- The educated Filipinos during Spanish era. **Bipartite** -- (Dilim, Liwanag) - made us think that we owe our civilization to the Spaniards. **Tripartite** -- (Liwanag, Dilim, Liwanag) - The Katipuneros adopted this historical framework made by the ilustrados. **14.** **PANTAYONG PANANAW** -- Filipino Historian wrote the Philippine History for Filipinos **15.** **PANGKAMING PANANAW** -- Filipino Historian wrote Philippine History in Foreign language for the foreigners. **16.** **PANGKAYONG PANANAW** -- Philippine history wrote by foreigners in foreign language and the audience or readers are Filipinos **17.** **PANGSILANG PANANAW** -- Philippine history wrote by the foreigners for foreigners. **18.** **ANTONIO PIGAFETTA** -- Famous Italian traveler born around 1490 and died in the same city in 1534 **19.** The famous expedition to the Moluccas begun in **August of 1519** and finished in **September 1522.** **20. Ferdinand Magellan** (Fernão de Magalhães in Portuguese and Fernando de Magallanes in Spanish) (c. **1480-1521**).Set out from Spain in **1519** with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. First European to cross the Pacific Ocean. **21. LADRONES ISLANDS** or the "**Islands of the Thieves**." **22.** 10 days after they found **Landrones islands** they found **ZAMAL** also known now as **SAMAR**. **23. Raia Calambu --** king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua) **24. Raia Siagu --** The first king of Zuluan **25.** April 7th, Magellan and his men reached the port of Zzubu (Cebu) with the help of Raia Calambu who offered to pilot them in going to the island. **26.** On 26th of April, Zula, a principal man from the island of Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan and asked him for a boat full of men so that he would be able to fight the chief name **Silapulapu (Lapu-Lapu).** Magellan offered 3 boats instead and went to Mactan to fight the said chief. They numbered **49** in total and the islanders of Mactan were estimated to number **1,500**. Magellan died in battle. **27. Duarte Barbosa --** the new elected captain by Magellan's men. **28. 5 ships used in the expedition of Magellan** a. **Victoria** b. **Santiago** c. **Concepcion** d. **Trinidad** e. **San Antonio** **29. Enrique of Moluccas (Henry) -** Magellan's slave and interpreter. **30. The Treaty of Tordesillas** - Division of resources/territory between Spain(westside) and Portugal (eastside).