RPH Reviewer Midterms Term 1 PDF

Primary and Secondary Sources: Primary Source - not made coming from someone else; original. Secondary Source - coming from or creating using an original source. Source - a person, publication, or object that gives information. First Hand - coming directly from the original source. Second Hand...

Primary and Secondary Sources: Primary Source - not made coming from someone else; original. Secondary Source - coming from or creating using an original source. Source - a person, publication, or object that gives information. First Hand - coming directly from the original source. Second Hand - not original; taken from someone or someone else. Primary sources are considered as contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly experienced or participated in the said event. Eye witness Testimonies Photographs Voice Video recordings Diary Letters Memoirs Journals Speeches Interviews Government publication Minutes reports  Artworks Artifacts Secondary Sources serve as interpretations or readings of primary sources. Usually, the author of the piece incorporates his or her personal insights and interpretations, thus, detaching the original value of the components of the subject being discussed. Published works (journal/articles) Reviews Books Conference papers Documentaries Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Magazines Newspapers Six points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of primary sources (Garraghan, 1950) Date (when it was produced?) Localization (Where did it originate?) Authorship (Who wrote it?) Analysis (What pre-existing material served as the basis for its production?) Integrity (What was its original form?) Credibility (What is the evidential value of its content?) Customs of the Tagalogs by Juan De Plasencia: Living in the pre-colonial philippines: Social Norms Economic System Religious Practice Marriage and Family Customs (Tradition) - a cultural idea that describes a regular, patterned behavior that is considered characteristics of life in a social system. Juan De Placensia - Miguel Juan De Placensia was a spanish friar of the franciscan order. He was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines. Fray Juan De Placensia, also known by his real name, Joan de Portocarrero. He was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines on July 2, 1578. Born and raised in extremadura, Spain in the 16th centuries during the country’s golden age (Siglo De Oro). Miguel De Loarca - wrote Relación de las Islas Filipinas that describes the way of life of Filipinos living in Western Visayas area. Tagalogs - a member of a people originally of central luzon in the Philippines. Siglo De Oro - period when specified art, skill, or activity is at its peak. Relación De Las Costumbres De Los Tagalogs - Customs of the Tagalogs (1589, Placensia wrote it) Datos/Datu - community town’s chief. Datos governed them and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced. (they are not collecting tax) These chiefs rule over but few people; sometimes as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than thirty. This tribal gathering is called in Tagalog a barangay. Three Caste System - concepts of slavery, confusion of the caste, marriage, inheritance, division of properties, adoption, divorce and dowries. Maharlika (noble) Commoners (Aliping namamahay) Slaves (Aliping saguiguilid) Worshiped Idols Bathala Tala Lic-ha Dian Masalanta Buaya People used to worship anito(s) before. Timeline: 1521- Spaniards arrive in the Philippines. 1565- Colonial government in Cebu, led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. 1571- Transferred seat of government to Manila- Intramuros by 1574. 1578- Arrival of Franciscan Missionaries, Juan De Placensia. 1896- Asia’s first Nationalist revolution (politically independent) upon the discovery of the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio. 1898 - Philippine Independence. Raiders of The Sulu Sea: The documentary depicts how the raiders, known as pirates of the sulu seas, went along with their trade before the arrival of the Spaniards in Zamboanga. It narrates how slave raiding was done by indigenous people of the region to retaliate against the colonizers. Raiders- a person or a group of persons who attacks an enemy in the enemy’s territory; a marauder. Slave-raiding- is a military raid for the purpose of capturing people and bringing them from the raid area to serve as slaves. Free-trading- international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions. Pirate- a person who attacks and robs ships at sea. Spaniards- a native or inhabitant of Spain, or a person of spanish descent. Indigenous peoples- inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the environment. They have retained social, cultural, economic, and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live. Backgrounds of the producer: Is a historical documentary film produced by Oak3 Films. Established in 1996, Oak3 Films was founded by Zaihirat Banu Codelli (CEO) along with Lim Suat Yen (COO) and Jason Lai (Director of Content). Became popular because they co-produced a documentary w/ discovery asia titled “The Gods Must Be Hungry”, which earned discovery asia’s higher newership in 10 years. Historical Background of the documentary: Historiography documentary film focusing on Zamboanga city depicting how the Spaniards defended the city with the fort pillar, as Spain's last stronghold and bastion of defense and economic expansion in the south of the Philippines. It depicts southeast asian flourishing free trading in the area and the adverse effects and repercussions when europeans such as english, dutch and spanish who wanted to control the economy as well to colonize and christianize. The film focuses on slave raiding activities done in christian communities as retaliation towards the colonizers- perpetrated by the seafaring communities of Balangingi, Samal, and the Illanun people, along with the Taosugs under the command of the Sultanate of Sulu. It depicts sophisticated ancient maritime vessels such as the Lanong, Garay, and the Salisipan. After the Spanish arrival in 1521, moro piratical raids against christian settlements started in June 1578. These spread all over the archipelago and were conducted with impunity by organized fleets carrying weapons of destruction almost equal to those of the spaniards. The recurring act is often described as a reaction against the Spaniards, who have displaced the Moros from the political and economic dominance they once enjoyed in the region. Moreover, religious differences between muslims and christians are frequently cited. Also tools of war as the baron, kris, and the kampilan and the well organized forces that are launched for slave raiding the coasts of Mindanao, Visayas, and Luzon, between July to October called as the pirate wind (Pirate Monsoon). Raiders from these different tribes, were described as “pirates” by the colonial powers, On the other hand, the raiding activities could be seen as retaliatory attacks or show of resistance for the colonizers. Professor Barbara Watson Andaya in the documentary said: “Using the English word pirate is actually misleading in some aspects because it does not cover raiders, it does not cover people who act on behalf of the state. Kartilya ng Katipunan: Sheds light on Emilio Jacinto’s kartilya ng katipunan which enumerates the guidelines that new members of the katipunan have to follow. The kartilya serves as the guidelines of the katipunan It contains thirteen (13) teachings that the members were required to adhere to. Kartilya- short note or letter of instructions Revolution- a forcible overthrow of government or social order, in favor of a new system. KKK- kataastaasan, kagalanggalangang katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan. (Supreme and Venerable Association of the Nation) | Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos de Pueblo), a philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila 1892; its primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. Generalissimo- the commander of a combined military force consisting of army, navy, and air force units. Supremo- one who is the highest or rank authority. Liberalism- a political or social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy and free enterprise. Background of the Author (Emelio Jacinto) Brain of the Katipunan Artemio Ricarte called him the “Moses of the Filipino People” Epifanio De Los Santos considered him as the soul of revolution and the eyes of the katipunan. Emilio Jacinto was born in Tondo, Manila on December 15, 1875. His father was Mariano Jacinto who, according to Zaide, was a merchant. His mother Josefa Dizon was a manghihilot or midwife. He was proficient in both Tagalog and spanish. Was enrolled by his uncle at the colegio de san juan de letrán for his bachelor’s degree, and later transferred to the University of santo tomas to study law. Manuel Quezon (2nd president), Sergio Osmena (4th president), and Juan Sumulong (President of the opposition– main role is to question the government of the day and hold them accountable) were his classmates. He did not finish college. He joined the secret society called katipunan in 1894 and was the youngest member at 19 years old. He was the fiscal, secretary, editor, and later, general of the katipunan. He used the pen names: Pingkian Dimasilaw Ka Ilyong He also became the director of the printing shop and library of the katipunan. The library contains tactics and weaponry, the french revolution and works of demagogues.  Jacinto was proclaimed generalissimo of the north (Punong Hukbo ng Hilagaan), became the adviser of the Supremo, and furnished Bonifacio with weapons, money, printing materials, and musical compositions. Was also the editor of the newspaper “kalayaan” Died from Malaria, April 16, 1899 (23 years old). Andres Bonifacio wanted to have a codified document Andres Bonifacio long listing the duties and responsibilities of every member of the katipunan. Bonifacio was drafting the said document (dekalogo ng katipunan), it happened that Emilio Jacinto was writing one as well. By the time that Bonifacio would consult his works to Jacinto for the comments of his drafts, the latter presented his work to the Supremo. Was impressed by Jacinto's work and decided to use it instead. The following are the other factors that were influential in the forming of the Katipunan and the Kartilya: Liberalism - political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. (art movement) Classicism - in all media, has been to construct an ideal vision and version of human experience that should be inspire and instruct by its nobility, authority, rationality and truth and to provide convincing models of imitation, (art movements that prioritize human experience mostly) Modernism - is a period in literary history which started around the late 1900s and continued until the early 1940s. Modernist writers in general rebelled against clear-cut storytelling and formulaic verse from the 19th century. (art movement that communicates your message in direct and precise form) The french revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in france. It became the focal point for the development of all modern political ideologies. Led to the spread of radicalism, liberalism, and nationalism which greatly influenced the Ilustrados in the Philippines and in Europe. Masonry was introduced to the Philippines in 1856 when a Spanish officer organized a lodge in cavite under the auspices of the portuguese gran oriente lusitano. The roots of masonry sprouted in 1889 when Graciano Lopez Jaena organized the logia revolution in Barcelona under the auspices of grande oriente espanol. Masonry spread in the philippine circles, among Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Jose Alejandrino, brothers Antonio and Juan Luna, Jose Rizal, and more. The Propaganda movement was propelled by the execution of the three priests, GomBurZa, in 1872 which left a profound effect on many Filipinos including Jose Rizal. The La Liga de Filipina was established by Jose Rizal when he decided to return to the Philippines to continue to call for reforms through legal means. They ask for reform for a betterment (propaganda/la liga de filipina) change but when Bonifacio saw the exile of Jose Rizal in Dapitan, for him the reform was futile, so it led him to established the secret organization called Katipunan.