History of Dance PDF

The History of DANCE WHAT IS DANCE?  It is an ART of body movement. It uses the body as an instrument of expressions in time & space.  It focuses on an aesthetic or even entertaining experience  It is an activity which can take many forms and fill many different needs. It can be:...

The History of DANCE WHAT IS DANCE?  It is an ART of body movement. It uses the body as an instrument of expressions in time & space.  It focuses on an aesthetic or even entertaining experience  It is an activity which can take many forms and fill many different needs. It can be:  RECREATION  ENTERTAINMENT 4 Main Reasons:  EDUCATION To please gods To please others  THERAPHY To please themselves or self-  RELIGION expressions  JOB Build community within an ethnic group/social interaction  History of Dance There is no definite date where certain dances originated 1. Experts suggest (through the analysis of cave painting) that dancing has been around since beginning of life 2. Used for courtship& mating, communication, worships (rituals &offerings), therapeutic experience  Ancient Egyptian Dance The real knowledge of dance came about, Great Mediterranean & Middle East particularly in EGYPT. On which they reflected the dance from their wall paintings, reliefs and record in hieroglyphic. Ancient Egyptian dance varied from each instance to the next, with different movements and steps depending on the kind of engagement the dancers were performing at. For instance, a military meeting would be different from a more ritualistic time. Dancers in Ancient Egypt The dancers themselves were often groups, but only of one gender at a time, with little to no evidence of males and females dancing together. The steps were choreographed to not echo one and another, but often, as in more recent dance movements, each person has their own gestures and positions to make on their own, but each is working together in very specifically organized ways. Ancient Egyptian Dance Costumes  While many cultures have very specific and often elaborate dancing costumes, the clothes worn by Egyptian dancers were hardly elaborate or involved enough to even call them an actual costume.  In many scenes that have survived the ages, dancers (females, specifically) are found moving their arms and legs without being trapped by cloth of any sort, except for the occasional small fringed skirt or tunic, not always worn simultaneously. There were other times when dancing took place in the nude, with nothing but a single ribbon tied loosely about the waist. Ritual Dance  It is believed that the dances originally started as a way of both mourning the dead and appeasing the goddess Sekhmet, who, as the myth goes, once nearly destroyed all of mankind when asked by the sun god Ra to punish those who had forgotten him.  While we may not know the particular meaning of every step or movement made by a dancer during any given dance they performed, we understand that they were almost entirely religious in nature, and meant to honor, celebrate, mourn, or pacify.  As such, most of the rituals were performed in the name of one or many of their gods, who they believed helped them frequently during the passage of a day, not to mention the passage of time.  Other tomb depictions show dancers following funeral processions, and in some cases, performing moves more closely associated with acrobatics and gymnastics than strictly dancing.  During these processions, it was common for dancers to skip or leap into the air, which was a way of honoring and welcoming the goddess Hathor, who was believed to meet the dead at the entrance to the underworld. By properly honoring Hathor, it assured them that the newly deceased would reach his or her destination well at the hands of the goddess.  Facts about Dance in Ancient  Egypt Dance played an important role in the lives of all social classes.  Usually associated with religious rituals, music and dance were present in festivals and celebrations of various gods.  Dancers wore little clothing, but adorned themselves with jewelry and headdresses.  Musicians are often depicted alongside dancers, with traditional string or percussion instruments Dancers of Ancient Egypt owing their Pharaoh Ancient Greek Dance Terracotta dancing MAENAD There were two primary kinds of dances: circular ones around an altar or votive offering and lines dances performed during processions. In general men and women danced separately. There are deceptions in the Iliad and other places of men and women dancing together holding hands. Pyrrhic dances (dances with weapons) were invented by Greeks but popularized by Romans. Pyrrhic dancers were commonly painted on vases designed to hold oil. On these vases dancers are shown doing their steps and movements wearing full body armor, apparently to develop their strength and skill in military sports and for battle itself. The same movements were sometimes performed in dances performed by the chorus at poetry contests. The anapale , a dance with wrestling movements originated in Sparta. Pyrrhic dances were performed during military campaigns. There are description of them being performed for ambassadors and special guests  Anapale Dance Maenad, terracotta Dance Pyrrhic Dance Dance in Ancient Rome  Dances in the Roman era described in texts and pictured in art appear to have been performed primarily for entertainment. They often emphasized burlesque, overtly erotic, comic and frightening elements.  In Roman times dancers became professionals of low status, rather than respected artist and participants in religious events as was the case in Greece and dance lost is sacred public function and degenerated into more of spectacle and low-brow entertainment. In the colonies country people danced for their own amusement.  Wealthy Romans generally did not dance themselves. They hired dancers to perform for them. Many of the dance performers were slaves from Greece or Spain. Under Nero, dancing became erotic and suggestive and even explicit, Theatrical dancing was banned when the Christian church gained control.  However, they gave less importance to dancing, otherwise, They ceased performing dance it became BRUTAL & SENSIONALIZED  In their times, dance became an integral part of CORRUPTION Early Christian They transformed the history of dance through theatrical play/entertainment after the Fall of Rome CHURCH – is the sole custodian of learning & education, source of morals They transformed the dance through theatrical play/entertainment but then was prohibited. General Types  Ballet Contra  Jazz  Hip Hop Country/Western  Swing  Tap Belly  Modern  Swing Flamenco Latin Dance Folk Dance  RHYTMIC ACTIVITIES Lesson 1 : Introduction Lesson 2 : Basic Natural Movements or Skills Applied in Dance Every individual has rhythm. It is found in all of nature and is natural to every individual. Lesson Objectives At the end of the 2 hour discussion, the students should be able to:  Discuss the relevance of rhythmic activities in our daily living;  Differentiate the phases of the dance programs;  Enumerate the natural movements or skills applied in dance; and  Perform individual activities about locomotors and axial movement in particular period of time.  Lesson 1 : Introduction of Rhythmic Activities Definition of terms about Rhythm, Rhythmic Activities, Dance and Dance Activities  What is Rhythm?  Is an essential element of dance.  Physically and physiologically, man is propelled by the rhythm of his internal process. This process include his heartbeat, action of his lungs, muscular movement of his stomach and rhythmic patterns of his other organs.  Is a term which denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes thought of as dance. When an individual moves in response to a particular rhythm or music we call the movements as rhythmic movements or rhythms. Structured forms which start creative rhythmic movements are called rhythms. RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES---- are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional response of the individual to rhythm. They are activities which a child responds to physically, socially, and mentally to regular patterns of sound.  They are also a source of enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, skills and the sense of rhythm are acquired and developed, feelings are expressed, basic principles of time, space and force can be experienced. What is Dance? The word dancing came from an old German word “ danson” which means to “ stretch”. Essentially, all dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. Dance ---------- refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure and pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form. Dancing ------- is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. Everyone reacts to music or rhythm in one form or another. A head swaying, a foot tapping, fingers snapping, shoulders and body moving while a musical piece is played are physical reactions.  Rhythmic Fundamentals In the field of dance, there are certain fundamental knowledge and rhythmic skills considered important for proficiency and efficiency in bodily movements Elements of Rhythm:  Beat—the underlying pulse of a rhythm.  Tempo—rate of speed of a movement.  Intensity—variation of stress of movement.  Pitch—lowness or highness of a tone.  Accent—emphasis on certain beats.  Meter—the regular recurrence of beats which divides a musical design into measure.  Phrase—measures grouped together.  Bar—in music a vertical line across a staff dividing it into equal measures of time.  Count—a pulse beat, a time limit.  Note—a printed symbol of a musical tone.  Measure—a group of pulse beats.  Note pattern—refers to a note or set of notes with or without rest used for a certain dance step.  Step pattern—refers to the movement or movements done for each of the dance steps. PHASES OF THE DANCE PROGRAM Creative Rhythms  Are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances. A creative rhythm is an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their body and to use them as instruments of expression. Folk/ Ethnic dance  Is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe. Examples of folk dances are the rural and country dances, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among others with foreign influence. Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions. Social and Ballroom Dance  The setting of the social and ballroom dance is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. Social and ballroom dancing are generally held in the evenings. The participants are usually in formal attire. Recreational Dance  Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances. Many of these dances have simple patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka step and the waltz step. The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions etc. Creative Dance  Is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas, and interpretations. This is a dance with a definite form, a beginning and an ending. The principles of art form are all observed in the composition of the dance. Examples of creative dance are ballet, jazz, and modern or contemporary dance.  Lesson 2 : Basic Natural Movements or Skill Applied in Dance Locomotor Movements and Axial Movements  LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS A movement that move the body in any direction with the feet as the moving base. 1. WALKING  Moving at moderate pace of the feet, lifting one foot only after the other foot has touched the floor or ground  Movement of the feet with springing steps at rapid pace such that at an instant both feet off0ground each step 3. JUMPING  Springing and taking off with one or both feet and landing of both feet  Springing on one foot and landing on the same foot 5. SKIPPING  Same as procedure as in hopping, but bouncing lightly with alternate steps and hops  Springing of one foot and landing of the other foot 7. GALLOPING  Moving in continuous motion with a step followed by a quick close to the other foot.  Gliding the feet along the floor NON-LOCOMOTOR or AXIAL MOVEMENTS A movement that various parts of the body move in space with a fixed base. The base may be standing, kneeling, sitting or lying 1. FLEXION  Bending or shortening of a body part occurring at a joint Ex: Half knee bend Full knee bend  Stretching or straigthening a body part occurring at a joint Ex. Curl-Ups 3. PERCUSSIVE  Striking or beating movements Ex. Arm strike with open fist, push with one arm  Swinging or swaying movement Ex. Arm Swaying 5. VIBRATORY  Shaking or turning movements Ex. Shake hips and shoulders to rhythmic patterns shake arms and hands rhythmically  A slow smooth flowing movement with balance of movement all throughout the entire series Ex. Arm circling swing continously 7. SUSPENDED  Start with a sharp movement followed by a slow movement Ex. Both arm circle 3 times counterclockwise and movement with arms diagonally upward right THANK YOU !!! FOLK DANCE STEPS: ARM & HAND STEPS  Curtsy  Lateral Position  Hayon-Hayun  Kumintang Open (In & Out)  Kumintang Close (In & Out)  T-Position  Reverse T-Position  Sway Balance FOLK DANCE STEPS: BODY & FOOT STEPS 1. Saludo 2. Marching 3. Mincing 4. Point Step 5. Bleking 6. Close Step 7. Brush Step 8. Hop Step 9. Change Step 10. Waltz Step 11. Basic Waltz 12. Cross Waltz 13. Mazurka (Gallop Step) 14. Heel & Toe, Change Step 15. Sway Balance Foot Step FOLK DANCE STEPS: COMBINATION  Curtsy  Sway Balance w/ a Point  Sway Balance w/ a Brush  Sway Balance w/ a Hop  Sway Balance w/ Bleking