African Music G10

MUSIC 10 African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily African Music in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship,...

MUSIC 10 African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily African Music in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while In this lesson, you are expected to: many traditional societies view their music as entertainment. African music has a basically interlocking structural. Format due Describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin mainly to its overlapping and dense texture as well as its rhythmic American and popular music: complexity. Its many sources of influence have produced such varied styles and genres as the following: What is African music? Afrobeat - is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black African music has rich and diverse cultural heritage that exist in American music. hundreds of different languages. The music in Africa always has the Apala (Akpala) - is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, technique of “Call and Response” in which a person leads by singing a used to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast phrase and followed and answered by a group of singers. of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere), They usually perform by singing and using percussion instruments thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums. played either by hands or with sticks, drums, and others. This type of Axe - is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses music is also used for communication to convey news, for teaching, for the Afro-Caribbean styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is telling a story, and for religious purposes including the Maracatu. played by carnival bands Music has always been an important part of the daily life of the Jit - is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on African people, whether for work, religion, ceremonies, or even drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar communication. Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the beating of drums styles. are essential to many African ceremonies, including those for birth, death, initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and dance are also important to Jive - is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance. religious expressions and political events. However, because of the wide influence of African music on global music having permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European Juju - is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional styles there has been a growing interest in its own cultural heritage and Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments are more Western in origin. A musical sources. Particular subjects of research are its rhythmic structures drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along and spiritual characteristics that have led to the birth of jazz forms. with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum). Kwassa Kwassa - is a dance style begun in Zaire. In the late 1980s, it was popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move What’s New back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements. Marabi - is South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s What’s In which evolved into African jazz. It makes use of a keyboard style that Reggae - is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues with African roots. It is island’s traditional mento music, as well as by calypso, African music, characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and American jazz, and rhythm and blues. One of reggae’s most distinctive repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers qualities is its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords. more time on the dance floor. Salsa - music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, Influences of Africa to Latin guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero. American music Samba - is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. Its roots can be traced to Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions particularly in Angola and the Congo. Samba is the basic Latin America music influenced by African music underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It has a lively and rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a The rhythm and styles of Latin-American music are influenced by timed dance. There is a set of dances – rather than a single dance – that the United States and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal. define the samba dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no dance can be claimed Latin music is the combination of four musical elements. Its musical styles with certainty as the “original” samba style. are tango, bossa nova, merengue, salsa, and other genres such as Soca - is also known as the “soul of calypso.” It originated as a fusion of reggae, jazz, rock, and latin pop. calypso with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago. It is a modern Trinidadian What I Know and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music. It should come as no surprise that Latin music has become so Were popular over the decades and even more so in recent years. The musical style appeals to people of all ages and backgrounds because of its Were is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for rhythmic beats and catchy upbeat vibe. early breakfast and players during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European music styles. The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking countries and territories of the Zouk Americas and the Caribbean South of the United States. Zouk is fast, carnival –like rhythmic music, from the Creole slang Latin America music also incorporates African music from slaves word for “party”. It originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadaloupe who were transported to the Americas by European settlers as well as and Martinique and was popularized in the 1980s.It has a pulsating music from the indigenous peoples of the America. beat supplied by the gwoka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa  rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drums, a rhythm guitar, tempo, the creation of moods, and even changing the range and a horn sections, and keyboard synthesize. voice power. What’s New 4. The instrument as a voice – the instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer. As we already learned, music from Africa and Latin America have greatly influenced the music of the world. Afro-Latin American music is a The music is identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from the result of the many years of evolution and influences due to contacts, as elements of Moorish music and other African and Caribbean music in the well as colonization. slave trade 1550 to 1880.Thisdeveloped a unique musical culture in African music has been an avenue for expressing experiences in Caribbean countries and its influences include Latin rhythms and Samba work, religion, ceremonies, communication, and interactions of the African and bossa nova in Brazil and Tango in Argentina. ethnic tribes. Some traditional African music include the Afrobeat, Axe from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil, Jit of Zimbabwe, Kwassa kwassa from Zaire, the Apala by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, and the Jive of South Africa. PERFORMANCE TASK It is said that Latin American music is also influenced by American Sing a song! music, although the latter is the product of three (3) major influences: indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African music. Reggae, salsa and Direction: Select one (1) Reggae song with lyrics that is easy for samba are examples of Latin American music. Moreover, Latin American you to memorize. music adopted for dance and vocal arts include Cumbia, Tango, Study and memorize the lyrics. Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Reggae, Foxtrot, Bossa Nova and Paso Doble. When you are ready, capture through a video, your performance singing the song. The Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music. 1. Conversation: “Call and Response” The performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant. 2. Improvisation – Non-scripted ways of singing that allow sincere conversations. It is a framework where the artist has freedom in creating musical mood. 3. The voice as an instrument – It is the manipulation of a freely controlled piece where they can change the tone of voice, its  Approaching Proficient (20) Developing (10) Basic (5) Proficiency (15) Focused and Focused and Focused Unfocused clear tone clear tone in tone but tone, erratic throughout the normal inconsistent rhythm; the piece. ranges. in the unstable Accurate Isolated extreme Pitch rhythm and errors in ranges. inconsistent secure pitch. rhythm, Some phrasing; Consistent pitch, and repeated and and sensitive phrasing errors in dynamics. phrasing. More rhythm pitch, Needs work Well-defined obvious and On nuances dynamic dynamic phrasing. with levels, with levels, with Discernible reference to creative more dynamic style and nuances as nuances as levels context indicated in indicated in Followed the the music the score or nuances score or as as suggested indicated in suggested by by the the music the teacher teacher with score or as with reference to suggested by reference to style and the teacher style and content with content reference to Style and context