Figures of Speech and Expository Texts PDF

Figures of Speech Miracle – extraordinary event or occurrence – Involves a supernatural or divine intervention Tone – authors attitude or feeling towards a subject – Author’s voice, showing if they are happy, sad, angry, or something else Mood – the feeling a reader gets from a stor...

Figures of Speech Miracle – extraordinary event or occurrence – Involves a supernatural or divine intervention Tone – authors attitude or feeling towards a subject – Author’s voice, showing if they are happy, sad, angry, or something else Mood – the feeling a reader gets from a story Figures of Speech – a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meaning in order to create a particular mental picture or effect – An expression that uses words to mean something different from their ordinary meaning. TYPES OF FIGURES OF SPEECH Simile – makes a direct comparison – Uses the words like or as Example: Marion is as brave as a lion He looks like a fish out of water Metaphor – directly compares two thing or ideas without using the words like or as Example: Maria’s life is a roller coaster The snow is a white blanket Personification – gives human traits to inanimate objects Example: As Andrew leaves the forest, the leaves wave at him The moon smiled at the stars as they see each other in the vast of galaxy Hyperbole – characterized by exaggeration – Helps create a vivid image, add emphasis, and humor to the text Example: The old woman was very hungry that she could eat a horse. It was raining heavily, the man shouted, “It’s raining cats and dogs, neighbors! “ Irony – shows a contradiction between what is said and what is meant – “sarcasm “ Example: The man entered a messy room and said, “This is a nice place!” Lisa walked into an empty room and shouted that it was too crowded. Oxymoron – presents two contradictory or conflicting words Example: My husband told our bittersweet moments together They are in one room, but they are alone together Paradox – shows a statement that appears to be contradictory but reveals some truth upon closer examination. Example: My mother saves money by spending it. The man said, “This is just the beginning of an end.” Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds within words and phrases. – Repeated vowel sounds can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of words. Example: It was a good shooting day. Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or stressed syllables with close proximity. Example: The blow was a bitter one.  Expository Texts and Its Types Expository Text - Aims to inform, explain, describe, or clarify a topic to the reader - Presents factual and objective information in a clear and organized manner - Doesn’t include the author’s personal opinions or biases, but instead focuses on presenting a balanced and comprehensive view of the subject - Most of the topics explored in these texts are related to science, politics, social phenomena, environment, etc. PARTS/STRUCTURE OF AN EXPOSITORY TEXT Introduction – opening paragraph of an essay that grabs the reader’s attention and presents the main topic – Should include a hook (a captivating statement or question) to pique the reader’s interest and a thesis statement that clearly states the main argument or purpose of the essay – Thesis statement – central idea of the essay and should be concise, specific, and arguable. It typically appears at the end of the introduction paragraph and serves as a roadmap for the rest of the essay. – 3Ws that should be answered in a thesis statement: What: What is the main topic or argument of your essay? Why: Why are you writing about this topic? What is your purpose or goal? How: How do you stand on this topic? What is your position or viewpoint? Body Paragraph/s – main sections of an essay that develop and support the thesis statement. – Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea and provide evidences (such as facts, examples, or quotations) to support the idea. TYPES OF BODY TEXTS/STRUCTURE Sequence/Process – presents information in a chronological order or step-by-step process – Uses transitional words like first, next, after, finally, etc. Example topics: Steps in Building Better Habits Ways to Live a Sustainable Lifestyle Steps in Reusing, Reducing, and Recycling How to Vote Responsibly Comparison and Contrast – compares and contrasts two or more things, highlighting their similarities and differences. – Uses transitional words like differs from, similar to, in contrast, alike, same as, as well as, on the other hand, either, or however Cause and effect - explores the cause-and-effect relationship between events or ideas Problem and Solution – presents a problem and offers possible solutions – Uses transitional words like problem is, because, since, this led to, one possible solution is, therefore, if_then, thus Conclusion – summarizes the main points of the essay and resates the thesis statement – It should leave the reader with a final thought or impression  Propaganda Techniques Propaganda – is a form of communication aimed at influencing people’s beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Propaganda Techniques – are strategic methods employed to influence one’s beliefs or position on an issue often through direct or subtle means. KINDS OF PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES Testimonials – makes use of public figures (ex. Celebrities, politicians, advocates, experts) in order to “sell” a product, a belief, an advocacy, a government policy/ program, etc. Plain folks – just like testimonials, uses popular individuals or figures of power. – This stategy aims to close the “gap” between status of the public figure and the ordinary people. – It shows that the public figure understands the experiences of common people. Stereotyping – involves oversimplifying or generalizing abou a group of people based on their race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other characteristics. Fear appeal – makes use of fear in order to target audience to believe what is said or take to action.