Respiratory System Grade 12 PDF

 WELCOME Grade 12! SCIENCE CLASS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Parts and Functions What is Respiratory System?  it is the system of the body that deals with the exchange of gases in and out of the body. RESPIRATION  is a gas exchange process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered...

 WELCOME Grade 12! SCIENCE CLASS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Parts and Functions What is Respiratory System?  it is the system of the body that deals with the exchange of gases in and out of the body. RESPIRATION  is a gas exchange process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells, and carbon dioxide gas is transported and removed from the body. RESPIRATION INVOLVES:  INHALING – taking in of a  EXHALING – taking out o air The part of the body involved in the process of respiration is called the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Divided into three parts:  Upper Respiratory Tract  Respiratory Airways  Lungs Respiration involves the following processes:  Breathing the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs of the lungs.  Diffusion the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across respiratory membranes.  Transport of gases wherein oxygen is carried into the cells and carbon dioxide is delivered from the cells to the lungs and out of the body. TYPES of RESPIRATION  Cellular Respiration is the biochemical oxidation of glucose and consequent synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenosine Internal Respiration Triphosphate (ATP) -the is an energy main exchange of oxygen currency of (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) the cell. between the internal body fluids (e.g., blood) and individual cells.  External Respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the organism. PARTS AND FUNCTIONS of RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  LUNGS  The primary organs of respiration.  The lungs are located side by side in the thoracic cavity, which is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular partition called diaphragm.  LUNGS  LUNGS  It is covered by a thin tissue called pleura.  The lungs are divided into lobes.  Right lung has three lobes; superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe.  Left lung has only two lobes; superior lobe and inferior lobe.  LUNGS Nasal Cavities  Nostrils, the openings of the nose where the air enter first.  Nasal Cavity, the pair of passages way inside the nostrils which is separated from each other by a bony partition called Nasal Septum. Nasal Cavities Nasal Cavities  Cilia, hairlike projections which lined the nasal cavities.  Cilia filter the air and trap dust and other particles.  Pharynx  also called throat.  Passageway that is divided into two smaller passages.  One allows entry of air into the respiratory tract.  The other food and liquid into the esophagus and the digestive system.  Pharynx Food Air  Larynx  Commonly known as voice box.  Located between the pharynx and the trachea.  Place where voice is produced through vocal cords.  The space between the vocal cords is called glottis.  Larynx  Epiglottis  A flap of elastic tissue that forms a cover on top of the larynx.  This structure ensures that food and air enter the body through different pathways. Epiglottis  Trachea  also called windpipe.  The main passageway of air into the lungs  It is supported by C- shaped rings of cartilage that prevent it from collapsing during inhalation Trachea  Bronchi  The two main stems which lead to the lungs.  The right bronchus is larger in diameter than the left.  Each bronchus enters the lung at a depression called the hilus or hilum.  Bronchi  Bronchioles  Are the smallest conducting tubes inside the lungs.  Primary bronchioles  Secondary bronchioles  Tertiary bronchioles  Bronchioles  Alveoli  also known as air sacs.  There are millions of alveoli in each lung, providing a large surface area for the exchange of gases.  Place where exchange of gases occur.  Alveoli Oxygen-rich air from Bronchioles Bronchi the environment Alveoli Nasal cavities Trachea (Exchange of gases) Pharynx Bronchioles Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Nasal Cavities Respiratory Diseases of the Respiratory System Asthma  A respiratory disorder characterized by restriction in the movement of air due to recurring episodes of contractions of the bronchial smooth muscle. Asthma  Bronchitis  An inflammation of the bronchi that may result in swelling of the bronchial lining, narrowing of the air passages, and shortness of breath.  Emphysema  Often referred to as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Results from the gradual destruction of walls of the alveoli.  As a result, gas exchange is decreased and air is retained in the lungs in most cases.  Lung Cancer  Uncontrolled or unregulated division of the cells lining the respiratory tract which resulted to tumors that can grow and multiply. Taking Care of Respiratory System  Do not smoke.  Breath in some fresh air.  Practice deep breathing.  Breath with the mouth closed.  Prevent the accumulation of carbon monoxide.  Prevent air pollution.  Exercise regularly. For questions and clarification: Just send me a message in our FB group. Thank you!