Respiratory System PDF - RAKCOP 2024

Respiratory System RAKCOP 2024 Dr. Abdalla A E Elamin Dr Abdalla Ahmed Elamin  Respiration What is respiration? Respiration is the act of breathing: (inspiration) - taking in oxygen (expiration) - dispose of carbon dioxide  FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SY...

Respiratory System RAKCOP 2024 Dr. Abdalla A E Elamin Dr Abdalla Ahmed Elamin  Respiration What is respiration? Respiration is the act of breathing: (inspiration) - taking in oxygen (expiration) - dispose of carbon dioxide  FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM to supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide at least 3 processes must happen 1- Pulmonary ventilation: movement of air into and out of the lungs. 2. External respiration: movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. 3. Internal respiration: movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood.  Respiratory system The respiratory system includes the nose nasal cavity pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and their branches and the lungs.  Respiratory System Functionally divided into: the conducting zone and respiratory zone 1- Conducting zone Includes :- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Conducting zone convey the air to reach the sites of gas exchange  Respiratory System 2-Respiratory zone: Includes: Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts alveolar sac and alveoli (actual site of gas exchange)  Nose When the air comes into your nose it gets filtered by hairs and it is moistened by the mucus in the nose. Air can also get into body through mouth cavity. External nose 7  Nasal cavity spaces in nose Filter, warm, and moisten air - Lies above the oral cavity - separated from it by the hard palate.  Para nasal sinuses function: 1. reduction of skull weight 2. resonance for voice. Include the following sinuses: 1.The maxillary. 2. The frontal. 3. The ethmoidal. 4. The sphenoidal These sinuses open into the nasal cavity (meatuses)  Pharynx Is a muscular tube continues with the esophagus. Has three parts : 1. Nasopharynx. 2. Oropharynx. 3. Laryngopharynx  Pharynx 1. Nasopharynx -Its lateral wall shows 1. The opening of Eustachian (auditory) tube. 2. a collection of lymphoid tissue on its roof called Pharyngeal tonsil. -when inflamed called Adenoid.  Pharynx 2. Oropharynx 1. Is a common passage for air & food 2. Lies behind the mouth cavity. 3. It is lateral wall contain palatine tonsil 3. Laryngopharyn: Lies behind the laryngeal cavity.  Larynx Connects the pharynx above with trachea below. functions - Production of sound (voice box). It consists of: Cartilages Ligaments Muscles Mucous membrane Air Flow- larynx From the pharynx enters Prevent the food from entering into the larynx. Figure 23–4 The Glottis Figure 23–5 Movements of Vocal Cords Figure 22.5  Trachea Trachea is held open by incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage.(about 16-20) Trachea divides at the level of sternal angle (angle of Louis) T5 into right and left main bronchus. Relations: Anterior: Thyroid – isthmus and Arch of aorta Posterior: esophagus  Trachea Trachea Main ( bronchus) Upper Upper Lobar Lobar 3 bronchi Lower (2o bronchi) Middle Segmental Lower ( bronchi) Segmental ( bronchi)  Bronchi in the conducting zone Secondary (lobar) bronchi Three on the right Two on the left Segmental bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Distal respiratory tract Alveoli Picture Alveoli and a Capillary surrounding it.  Lungs lungs are on each side of your heart, inside your chest cavity. The lungs are separated from each other by the following: a. heart and its large vessels b. trachea c. esophagus Lungs Lungs  Differences between the right and left lung Right lung left lung 1.Has three lobs 1.has two lobes ( upper, lower& middle) ( upper &lower) 2.Has two fissures 2. has one fissure (Horizontal& oblique) (oblique) 3.short 3. Long 4.wide 4. Thin 5. has no cardiac notch 5. Has cardiac notch. 6. Has no lingula 6. Has lingula  Pleura Is a thin serous membrane that consists of a parietal pleura and a visceral pleura. Parietal pleura Lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall. Visceral pleura covering the lungs  Diaphragm The diaphragm is the main muscle for respiration. The end….