Respiratory Drugs PDF Fall 2024

Respiratory Drugs Vanessa Evens, RN,BSN, MN Fall 2024 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Types of Beta2-adrenergic agonists Respir...

Respiratory Drugs Vanessa Evens, RN,BSN, MN Fall 2024 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Types of Beta2-adrenergic agonists Respiratory Decongestants Anticholinergics Drugs Antitussives Corticosteroids Leukotriene Expectorants modifiers Mast cell Methylxanthines stabilizers Beta 2 Agonists- Bronchodilation !“ol” Suffix! Short: Salbutamol Long: Salmeterol Pharmacokinetics: Inhaled forms absorbed from respiratory tract Pharmacotherapeutics: Asthma, COPD Drug interactions: Beta blockers Adverse Reactions: Bronchospasm, Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Anticholinergics: Bronchodilatation, Ipratropium to the rescue! Pharmacotherapeutics: Asthma, COPD Adverse Reactions : Bronchospasm, tachycardia, Nausea and vomiting, dry mouth and nervousness This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Steroids! “One” to help you inhibit the inflammatory response! Includes: Inhaled- Budesonide, fluticasone Adverse propionate, Oral: Prednisone IV: Dexamethasone, Reactions: Hydrocortisone, Methylprednisolone Oral candida infections and Pharmacokinetics: Inhaled forms are minimally respiratory absorbed infections and irritations Nausea, Pharmacotherapeutics: Asthma, COPD vomiting, headache, insomnia, growth Drug interactions: Contraceptives, antibiotics, issues in children sedatives, anti seizure meds Leukotriene Receptor: Antagonists and Formation Inhibitors! For mild Asthma or when Steroids not an option Receptor Antagonists: Montelukast “Kast” Formation Inhibitors: Zileuton Pharmacokinetics: Highly Drug interactions: LOTS- main ones include protein bound cardiac drugs, blood thinners, and anti Montelukast: Rapidly seizure meds absorbed, excreted in stool Adverse : headache and dizziness, nausea Zafirlukast: Absorption and vomiting decreased by food; excreted in Don’t give to people with active liver disease! stool Mast Cell Stabilizers: Cromolyn Sodium long term prevention and control of asthma Can be given Orally or Inhaled. for children 5+ Adverse Reactions: Wheezing, tracheal irritation, cough, bronchospasm, headache Methylxanthines: “lline” to bronchodilate, and reduce inflammation and bronchospasm Aminophylline and Theophylline Pharmacokinetics: Issues with fatty meals increasing concentration, narrow therapeutic index and careful dosing needed with liver issues Pharmacotherapeutics: Asthma, COPD Drug Interactions: Lots Due to CP450 enzymes Adverse Reactions: GI, CNS, Cardiovascular This Photo by Unknown Author is Expectorants: Guaifenesin to soothe membranes and stimulate secretions Pharmacotherapeutics:Asthma, Bronchitis, Influenza, airway irritation Most commonly used OTC cold and flu med! Adverse Reactions: Nausea and Vomiting, rash and headache Antitussives: Pharmacodynamics: Adverse Reactions: Headache, Nasal Codeine and Benzonate: anesthetizes Congestion, Nausea stretch receptors Dextromethorphan Constipation, Rash, Codeine/ Chills, Sedation, and Benzonate to Dextromethorphan: Hypotension, stop that cough Suppresses cough reflex bradycardia fast! Drug Interactions : CNS depressants and MAOIS  Systemic/ and Topical Options: Ephedrine and Phenylephrine Topical only acts on the alpha receptors of the nose! Pharmacotherapeutics: Rhinitis, common cold, acute coryza Decongestants: Ephedrine Adverse: Nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, and Phenylephrine to elevated BP, trouble urinating, vasoconstrict alpha Rebound nasal congestion adrenergic receptors Most Common Meds Salbutamol Salmetrol Ipratroprium Budesonide Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisone Codeine Ephedrine