Research Midterm and Final Exam Semester 8 PDF

Research midterm and final exam semester 8 1-healty work effect is the bias of which type ? a. none of mentioned b. selection bias c. confounding bias d. recall bias 2-which of following is true about h-index? a. the index designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citat...

Research midterm and final exam semester 8 1-healty work effect is the bias of which type ? a. none of mentioned b. selection bias c. confounding bias d. recall bias 2-which of following is true about h-index? a. the index designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications b. the h-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications c. the index works best when comparing scholars working in the same field d. all of mentioned 3-what are secondary data ? a. un important data b. ordinary data c. ordinal data d. Existing data 4- for any study you should question the validity and reliability of? a. the questionnaire b. the sampling procedure c. all of mentioned d. the interviewing process 5-An advantage of open questions is that ? a. coding is a challenge b. all of mentioned c. respondents can express themselves freely d. potential is high for interview bias 6-A confounder is ---------------? a. a factor that associated with the outcome and associated with the exposure and on the casual pathway between exposure and outcome b. a factor that associated with the outcome and associated with the exposure, but not at a casual pathway c. a factor not associated with the outcome but associated with the exposure d. a factor associated with the outcome but not associated with the exposure 7-which phase of RCT tests a drugs effectiveness safety and side effects over the long term? a. phase 1 b. phase 4 c. phase 0 d. phase 3 8-A retrospective is a cohort study--------------? a.in which the study begins when both the exposure and outcome have already occurred ,but the exposure necessarily precedes the outcome b. when the study begins when the outcome has not yet occurred and the researcher observes the outcome in exposed and non exposed individuals c. none of mentioned d.in which the study begins when both the exposure and outcome has already occurred ,but the exposure dose not precede the outcome 9-SPSS is an acronym of the following ? a. statistical predictions for social science b. statistical package for the social science c. statistical package for the special science d. social package for the special science 10-what dose the Latin word “scientia” means ? a. the law b. treatment c. knowledge d. the way 11-which of the following is not an ethical guideline for conducting research with humans? a. keeping participants identify anonymous b. getting informed consent of the participants c. telling participants they are free to withdraw at any time d. telling participants they must continue until the study has been completed 12-the timing section of a research protocol will NOT include ? a. guidelines on ethics b. deadlines for submitting the final report c. progress report dates d. deadlines for ending data collection 13-to avoid experiments bias when the experimenter nor the participant is aware of which group the participant is in ,this is known as ? a. double blind b. Null hypothesis c. variable manipulation d. Random assignment 14-which word fills all the blanks in this extract ? We talk about generating -------------------testing ---------------------rejecting ----------------- a. aims b. objectives c. hypothesis d. questions 15-what is relationship between the risk factor and the outcome over time ? a. there is no lawful relationship between them b. the risk factor precedes the results c. outcome and risk factor develop simultaneously d. the result precedes the risk factor 16-the founder of positivism is considered to be ----------------? a. Auguste Comte b. Werner Heisenberg c. Thomas Kuhn d. Gustav Klimt 17-what is a possible explanation that we may or may not agree with ? a. the objective b. grounded theory c. the hypothesis d. the research question 18-case referent studies are also known as ----------------? a. interventional studies b. ecological studies c. case control studies d. case report studies 19-Quantitative data refers to ? a. statistical analysis b. graphs and tables c. any data you present in your report d. numerical data that could usefully be quantified to help you answer your research questions and to meet your objectives 20-IRB is an acronym for which of the following ? a. internal request board b. institutional rating board c. internal review board d. institutional review board 21-which of the following is not considered to be the advantage of cohort study ? a. all of mentioned b.it is effective for studying rare exposures c.it is effective for the studying rare disease d. the relative risk can be directly calculated 22-you want to assess the efficacy of a new anti epileptic drug versus an old drug ?what is the best design you choose for the purpose ? a. RCT b. cohort study c. cross sectional study d. case control study 23-you want to assess the efficacy of a new anti epileptic drug versus an old drug ? the efficacy of new AEDs is not stronger than that of old AEDs 24-what is it called when the participants are not revealed to any one but researcher and staff ? a. Confidentiality b. Discretion c. Anonymity d. Ethics 25-what is the name of an effect that occurs when an experimental group gets better simply because they are being given a sugar pill and this leads them to expect to get better ? a. the placebo effect b. the domino effect c. the expectancy effect d. the butterfly effect 26-during experimentation informed consent should include which of the following ? a. all of mentioned b. a description of the procedures the participant will encounter c. details of the purpose of the experiment d. the duration of the study 27-a critical appraisal of a RCT takes into consideration ? a. benefit versus harm b. all of mentioned c. blinding d. randomization 28-a journals impact factor measure ------------? a. how many submissions it gets b. how many papers get rejected for each paper that is published c. how often researchers cite papers from that journal d. how many papers get published in that journal every year 29-the declaration of Helsinki was developed by -----------------------? a. the Nuremberg tribunal b. the American medical association c. the government of Finland d. the world medical association 30-What is the term Tuckman uses for reaching consensus as a group ? a. storming b. forming c. performing d. norming 31-Here is an extract from a letter requesting participations in a research study ? “we are group of second year students at the Caucasus international university conducting research into communication between staff and students within the medical school.we are seeking your support in our research “ What is wrong ? a.it dose not explain why you want to gain access b.it dose not state who wants access c.it dose not explain what will happen to information collected d. all of mentioned 32-what is meant by selection bias in the context of research ? a. a survey participants are randomly chosen from the population b. the survey participants are not randomly chosen from the population c. the survey participants are not part of the population of interest d. the survey participants are a part of the population of interest 33-which of the following is a data collection method ? a. positivism b. the interview c. the case study d. post positivism 34-a research problem is feasible when ------------? a.it is researchable b. all of mentioned c.it is new and adds something to knowledge d.it has utility and relevance 35-research participants must give what before they can participate in study ? a. informed consent b. Guideline information c. private information d. a commitment 36-risk factors are called ? a. features of the organism that prevent the development of the disease b. all of mentioned c. external influencing factors that reduce the likelihood of developing the disease d. external influencing factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease 37-what is the chronological order of five stages in Tuckman s method of team development ? a. forming ,storming , norming , performing ,adjourning b. storming ,forming ,norming ,performing, adjourning c. storming ,adjourning , norming , forming , performing d. performing ,storming ,norming ,adjourning , forming 38-secondary data are LEAST help to ? a. formulate hypotheses b. evaluate new product c. develop questionnaires d. interpret tables 39. Which ONE is a not true about secondary data? a. None of the mentioned. b. Addresses a fresh topic. c. Inexpensive. d. Fast to obtain 40. What is a mistake that researchers who write questionnaires should avoid ? a. All of the mentioned. b. Writing questions respondents are willing to answer c. Writing questions respondents are able to answer d. Writing questions respondents do not understand 41. What are the advantages of collaborative and partnership research ? a. Time and funding money can be significantly optimized by collaborations b. All of the mentioned c. Controversial results or data can be reproduced by more than one laboratory and discussed. d. Involves varied skill sets, diverse research techniques, and individuals with unique problem-solving 42. A critical appraisal of a RGT takes into consideration a. benefit versus harm b. blinding c. randomization d- all of mentioned 43. A journal's impact factor measures a- how many submission it gets b- how many papers get rejected for each paper that is published c- how often researchers cite papers from that journal d-how many papers get published in that journal every year 44. Which of the following is true about h- index? a. the index is designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citation or publication b. the h index is an author level metric that measures both the productively and citation impact at publication c. the index works best when comparing scholar working in the same field d. all of the mentioned 45-Secondary data are least helpful to: a. Formulate hypothesis b. Develop questioner c. Interpret tables d. Evaluate new products 46. What is no longer a characteristic of an organizational chart? - It shows the workload of each personnel 47. Cluster sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling are types of. a. Non random sampling b. Direct sampling c. Random sampling d. Indirect sampling 47. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: a. Synthesize new ideals b. Study the existing literature regarding various topics c. Evaluate the existing material concerning research d. Expound new principles 48. What are the core elements of a Research Process? a. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions, Bibliography b. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis, Conclusions and Recommendations c. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions d. Research Plan; Research Data, Analysis, References 49. Identify the correct sequence of research steps: a. Review of literature, selection of topic, data collection, interpretation of findings b. Selection of topic, review of literature, interpretation of findings, data collection c. Selection of topic, review of literature, data collection, interpretation of findings d. Selection of topic, data collection, review of literature, interpretation of findings 50. Random sampling is also called - probability sampling 51. In the purposive method of sampling design, items are selected according to: - none of the above 52. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of a research? - research is not a process 53. The first step of research is: - identify a problem 54. Which is the main objective of research? - To discover new facts or to make fresh interpretation of known facts 55. The assumptions of Theory Y can be summarized as follows: -ALL 56. Which of the following is the best definition of "delegation"? - process of assigning work to an employee 57. In the process of conducting research 'Formulation of Hypothesis" is followed by a. Collection of Data b. Analysis of Data с. Selection of Research Tools d. Statement of Objectives 58. Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question? - Questions should connect with established theory and research. 59. Attitude/opinion research is an example of a. Qualitative b. Applied c. Analytical d. Quantitative 60. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is. a. Lottery Method b. Stratified Sampling c. Convenient Sampling d. Cluster Samplin