Renaissance - Summary PDF

# How Was the Renaissance Historically Significant? * **Painting & Sculpture** * New developments such as perspective, proportion, sfumato, realistic faces, new themes. * **Architecture** * Modern buildings today are influenced by Renaissance architecture (pillars, domes, arches) e.g. the W...

# How Was the Renaissance Historically Significant? * **Painting & Sculpture** * New developments such as perspective, proportion, sfumato, realistic faces, new themes. * **Architecture** * Modern buildings today are influenced by Renaissance architecture (pillars, domes, arches) e.g. the White House. * **Tourism** * The works of art have created a huge tourist industry - millions of people go to Italy every year * e.g. Sistine Chapel, Rome & the Mona Lisa, Louvre Museum, Paris. * **Astronomy** * Discoveries by Renaissance scientists led to space missions in the 20th century. * **New Learning & Education** * New developments in maths, astronomy, physics, medicine, military instruments, painting, sculpture, architecture. * This new knowledge was then taught in universities. # William Shakespeare * **Actor & Playwrite** * Born in England in 1564. He died in 1616. * Huge influence on the English language. * New words such as "eyeball" & "lonely." * New phrases such as "'in a pickle' & 'a wild goose chase' * Wrote over 38 plays & 154 sonnets * Performed in the Globe Theatre. * Famous plays include: * Hamlet * Romeo & Juliet * His work became famous around Europe due to the invention of the Printing Press. * The Merchant of Venice # Renaissance Science ## Astronomy (the study of the universe & planets) * **Middle Ages, people believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe & the sun & other planets revolved around the Earth.** * **In the Renaissance, Nicholas Copernicus discovered that the Sun was the centre of the universe.** ## Scientific Methods * **Scientists must get results from experiments & evidence.** * **Law of Falling Bodies** (Galileo Galilei) * All objects fall to the ground at the same speed. * "The Father of Modern Physics" ## Telescope * **Galileo** (1564-1642) * Invented his own telescope. * Studied the surface of the moon. * Discovered rings around Saturn. * Wrote a book to prove the sun was the center of the universe. * Placed on house arrest by the Catholic Church for the rest of his life. * Book banned for 200 years. # Renaissance Technology * The Printing Press & Moveable Metal Type * Invented by Johann Gutenberg in Germany about 1450. * How did it work? 1. Individual metal letters were created. 2. These were moved around the page. 3. They were inked & pressed down on the paper. 4. This was repeated for every page until the book was completed. * The first book printed by Gutenberg was the Bible. * It made books 10 times cheaper than before. * Soon, Italy had its first printing press and before long, hundreds spread the learning. * This spread the learning of renaissance Italy to the rest of Europe. # Renaissance Art ## Midieval/Gothic Architecture * Pointed archways, windows, & doors. * Rose windows * Buttresses * Spire ## Renaissance/Classical Architecture * Rounded arches, windows, & doors. * Pediments * Pillars * Domes ## Sculpture ### Midieval/Gothic Sculpture * Religious themes * Part of a church or cathedral. * Lacking in feeling * More than religious themes. ### Renaissance/Classical Sculpture * People-more realistic. * Stand alone sculptures. * More lifelike. # Leonardo Da Vinci * Born in 1452 in Florence. * Trained as an apprentice in Florence under the patronage of Lorenzo de Medici. * Worked in Florence. * Died in 1519. * Moved to work in Milan. * Moved to France. ## The Last Supper * Painted on a dining room wall of a monastery. * He used oil. * Soon after, some of the paint peeled off. ## Notebooks * Many different subjects: biology, botany, engineering, geology, & maths. * Thousands of pages. * He wrote left-handed backwards to hide his ideas. ## The Virgin of the Rocks * He used sfumato. * Rocks & plants show his interest in nature. ## The Mona Lisa * He painted it in Florence. * Most famous painting in the world. * Used sfumato. * Created a natural background. ## Anatomy * He dissected more than 30 bodies. * He made detailed drawings of the human. ## Inventions * Technology ## David # Important Changes in the Arts During the Renaissance * **The Renaissance** * Arts: 1. painting 2. sculpture 3. architecture * **Painting** * Perspective * Shows depth in the painting. * Makes the painting look 3D. * Proportion * People & objects painted in the correct size. * Faces * Facial expressions-more realistic. * Facial emotion & more realistic. * Paints * Middle Ages: egg yolk mixed with colours & they dried quickly. * Renaissance: oil mixed with colours & they dried slowly & changes could be made. * Frescoes * A painting done on wet plaster. * Sfumato * A shading technique to make faces look more real. * **Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?** 1. Ruins of Ancient Rome * Old Roman buildings. 2. Italy was divided into small city states who competed against each other to create the greatest & most beautiful city. 3. Wealthy Patrons paid artists, sculptors & architects to create beautiful works of art. * Italy had many wealthy patrons because it was the crossroads of European trade. * e.g. the Medici family from Florence. 4. During a war, many Greek scholars fled their Ancient Greek manuscripts with them. # The Renaissance * 1300-1600 * The Renaissance - the rebirth of Ancient Rome & ancient Greece culture. * It included art, architecture & writing & science & technology. * Humanism - a new way of looking at the world. * Humanist - a great intrest in learning & new ideas.