Renaissance PDF

GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES Renaissance Medici Family Overview Philosophy The Renaissance was a fervent pe...

GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES Renaissance Medici Family Overview Philosophy The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” of following the Middle Ages. Generally described as Humanism taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. Some of Petrarch the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human history thrived during this era, while global exploration opened up new lands and Leonardo da cultures to European commerce. The Renaissance is Vinci credited with bridging the gap between the Middle Ages and modern-day civilization. Michael The Renaissance was the time period of creativity and change in Europe and during the 1300s to the Angelo 1600sin which there were changes in many areas such as political, social, economical, and cultural. The most important change was that of the people Raphael and how they saw themselves and their world. Many people showed interest in classical learning, especially the culture of the ancient Romans. They Donatello set out to change their own age. The Renaissance, as they felt, was a time of rebirth after the disorder and disasters of the medieval world. Giovanni Boccaccio The Renaissance began in Italy in the mid 1300s and spread north throughout the rest of Europe. Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance for many reasons. First of all, since Italy was the center of ancient Roman history, it was natural for the Renaissance to start there. Some things such as architectural remains, antique statues, coins and inscriptions reminded Italians of the glory of the Roman Empire. 14 to 17 century For SLSU use only 1 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES advances and discoveries are still Florence was a very important city. applied presently. Other things like It came to symbolize the Italian the printing press, maps, compasses, Renaissance. Florence was very much medicines, and the scientific method like ancient Athens because it still play an important role in our life. produced a great number of talented poets, artists, architects, scholars, and Objectives scientists in a short period of time. After completing this module, you'll be Humanism was an intellectual able to: movement that was at the heart of the Italian Renaissance. It put an 1. Recognize the major creative emphasis on man, his intellect, and contributions of the Renaissance. his life on earth. It also stated that the Church shouldn't rule certain matters 2. Analyze individual works of visual and it rediscovered ancient items, art, from the Renaissance. thoughts, and beliefs. Humanist scholars hoped to use their wisdom to 3. Explain the impact of discipline- increase their understanding of their specific advancements and own times. developments of the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a golden age in 4. Describe the influence of cultural the arts and architecture. There were exchange and diversity of the numerous achievements of works of Renaissance. art that are still very famous today. Many outstanding artists Donatello, 5. This module looks at the principal Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, historical themes in western Europe Raphael showed their uniqueness and between 550 and 1550, including: creativity through what they did. Paintings of the Renaissance used  Medici family unnatural shapes, linear prospective,  Philosophy of Humanism and depth perception. (Petrarch)  Leonardo da Vinci The Renaissance was very important  Michael Angelo because it brought Europe out of the  Raphael abyss that it was in. It inspired new  Donatello ideas, cultures, religions, and ways to live by. The Renaissance helped people change the way that they saw themselves, others, and their world. It helped many people express their uniqueness and creativity by art, science, writing, and technology. During the Renaissance many art works and writings became famous and some we still use or see today. Arts and writing weren't the only thing that we still use today, mathematical For SLSU use only 2 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES RENAISSANCE This module introduces students to these events and movements, and examines the transformation of European culture through the 'renaissances' of the twelfth and the fourteenth & fifteenth centuries. This module covers a long time-span, and individual tutors may choose to concentrate on a more restricted chronological era in their classes, although the lectures will offer an overview of the whole period. Renaissance, French for "rebirth," was As a result of urbanization, cities characterized by a revival of classical accumulated wealth and channeled art, literature, philosophy, some of this newfound wealth into architecture, and an emphasis on funding the arts. Artists applied humanism. This cultural flourish scientific principles to solve problems overlapped the Age of Discovery and of perspective and devised new advancements in science, thus making techniques for representing light and science a legitimate source of shade. knowledge. The overall atmosphere of change during the Renaissance The Renaissance was a period in European history, from roughly the The Middle Ages and Renaissance 14th to the 17th century, regarded as (c.400- c.1550) are of crucial the cultural bridge between the importance in European history. They Middle Ages and modern history. witnessed the replacement of the It started as a cultural movement in Roman Empire by the so-called Italy in the Late Medieval period and 'Barbarian kingdoms', the conversion later spread to the rest of Europe, of northern and eastern Europe to marking the beginning of the Early Christianity, the origin and Modern Age. development of nation states and governmental bureaucracies, and the eventual collapse of the religious unity of Christendom with the Reformation. One of the most significant ideas to emerge from the Renaissance is the value of education, particularly in the Humanities. The catalyst for the classical revival was the belief that For SLSU use only 3 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES one could realize his or her full humanity only through classical education. This rebirth reasserted the superiority of ancient Greco-Roman creative and intellectual contributions. From the early 15th to the early 17th century, Europeans embarked on maritime explorations around the world in order to satisfy their desire The Renaissance Period was a busy for foreign goods and to achieve time of exploration and cultural geopolitical dominance over one exchange that resulted from vast another. Scientific innovations improvements in trade and assisted this Renaissance Age of Exploration, such as improved ship design and navigational charts and instruments. During the Renaissance Era, the Roman Catholic Church faced numerous dissenters to its authority, communication. The expansion of who were reacting to corruption within trade routes on land and sea allowed the clergy. A series of popular spices, precious gems, and fine silk to heretical movements emerged, arrive from Asia proposing to do away with the institutional church. There were also The more moderate reformers, who beauty, criticized clergy corruption and sought color, reform within the Church itself. The and most notable dissent with the Church, luster of however, was the Protestant Islamic movement. The Protestant glass and Reformation challenged the doctrine of pottery papal infallibility and rejected the inspired Italian glassmakers. Catholic Church as a necessary intermediary between the faithful and # What is the cultural bridge between God. However, disagreements among the Middle Ages and modern history? Protestants caused multiple sects to form. African culture made an impact throughout Europe, as African artists carved hunting scenes and motifs on ivory for European royalty. African servants and slaves became a larger presence in areas of Europe. For SLSU use only 4 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time: its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici; and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople to the The Spanish "Golden Age" resulted Ottoman from Spain's acquisition of gold and Turks. silver from the Americas. Other major centers were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Milan, Bologna, and finally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy. Some observers have called into question whether the Renaissance was The discovery of the printing press by a cultural “advance” from the Middle Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized Ages, instead seeing it as a period of mass communication throughout pessimism and nostalgia for classical Europe. antiquity, while social and economic historians have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras, which are linked, as one writer observed, “by a thousand ties”. Why was Florence a major center of the Renaissance? TRUE OR FALSE # The Renaissance There are several answers to that began in Italy and later spread question: Extraordinary wealth throughout Europe. accumulated in Florence during this period among a growing middle and upper class of merchants and bankers. With the accumulation of wealth often comes a desire to use it to enjoy the pleasures of life—and not an exclusive focus on the hereafter. Florence saw itself as the ideal city state, a place where the freedom of The Renaissance began in Florence, in the individual was guaranteed, and the 14th century. Various theories where many citizens had the right to For SLSU use only 5 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES participate in the government (this The Florentine people were very proud of their form of government in the early 15th century (as we are of our democracy). A republic is, after all, a place that respects the opinions of individuals, and we know that individualism was a very important part of the Humanism that thrived in Florence in the fifteenth century. must have been very different than 1. Why Florence considered as an living in the Duchy of Milan, for ideal city state? example, which was ruled by a 2. How many threats Florence succession of Dukes with absolute encountered? Enumerate. power) In 1400 Florence was engaged 3. What are the pride of the in a struggle with the Duke of Milan. Florentine for their Republic? The Florentine people feared the loss of liberty and respect for individuals The Medici family that was the pride of their Republic. Luckily for Florence, the Duke of Milan Also known caught the plague and died in 1402. as the Then, between 1408 and 1414 House of Florence was threatened once again, Medici, this time by the King of Naples, who French also died before he could successfully Médicis, conquer Florence. And in 1423 the Italian Florentine people prepared for war bourgeois family that ruled Florence against the son of the Duke of Milan and, later, Tuscany during most of the who had threatened them earlier. period from 1434 to 1737, first Again, luckily for Florence, the Duke attained wealth and political power in was defeated in 1425. Florence in the 13th century through its success in commerce and banking. Beginning in 1434 with the rise to power of Cosimo de’ Medici (or Cosimo the Elder), the The Florentine citizens interpreted these military “victories” as signs of God’s favor and protection. They imagined themselves as the “New Rome”—in other words, as the heirs to family’s support of the arts and the Ancient Roman Republic, prepared humanities made Florence into the to sacrifice for the cause of freedom cradle of the Renaissance, a cultural and liberty. flowering rivaled only by that of ancient Greece. The Medicis produced For SLSU use only 6 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV and Leo XI), and their genes have PETRARCH been mixed into many of Europe’s royal families. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir Francesco Petrarca (July in 1737, ending the family dynasty 20, 1304–July after almost three centuries. 19, 1374), commonly Wherever you go in Florence you can anglicized see the remnants of the infamous as Petrarch, Medici family. Everywhere you look was an Italian you can see their family insignia and scholar and the art that they brought to this truly poet in tremendous city. This family ruled the Renaissance city for centuries, overcoming Italy, and one adversity from all sides. But who were of the earliest they, where did they come from and Humanists. how did a family of merchants and bankers rise to rule the city of Florence? (1304-1374) The de Medici during their rule of How Humanism gave rise to the art of Florence in the fifteen century did the Renaissance much to influence the Renaissance and to enable the great artists, Petrarch’s sonnets were admired and humanists, and writers, to produce imitated throughout Europe during the their works that have been so Renaissance and became a model for influential down the centuries. The lyrical poetry. family brought stability and peace to the city of Florence. This was crucial in Petrarch was born in the Tuscan city the cultural flourishing in the city in of Arezzo in 1304. Petrarch spent his the fifteenth century. The de Medici early childhood in the village of Incisa, largely peaceful rule did much to near Florence promote the Renaissance in the city. They also in their relations with the Petrarch studied law at the University other city-states did much to bring of Montpellier (1316–1320) and the peace to North Italy. Then the de University of Bologna (1320–23); Medici was very instrumental in the because his father was in the growing interest in Greek culture and profession of law he insisted that history. Petrarch and his brother study law also. Petrarch, however, was primarily # The first leader from the Medici interested in writing and Latin family. literature, and considered these seven # Who are the four Popes produced years wasted. during the reign of the Medici family # Discuss the impact of the Medici He traveled widely in Europe, served family in the Renaissance period. as an ambassador, and has been For SLSU use only 7 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES called “the first tourist” because he 1. For which form of art is Petrarch traveled just for pleasure. During his best known? travels, he collected crumbling Latin manuscripts and was a prime mover in a. Poetry the recovery of knowledge from b. Painting writers of Rome and Greece.. c. Sculpture d. Petrarch was not an artist, just a Disdaining what he believed to be the scholar. ignorance of the centuries preceding 2. Petrarch is credited with helping to the era in which he lived, Petrarch is launch which philosophical movement? credited or charged with creating the a. Neoclassicism concept of a historical “Dark Ages. b. Empiricism c. The Enlightenment Petrarch's Renaissance Role d. Humanism Around the 14th century, Europe was Leonardo da Vinci starting to transition out of the Italian artist, engineer, and scientist Medieval period into a new era of Leonardo education and art, and several notable da Vinci, scholars and artists played an (Italian: important part in sparking that “Leonardo change. One of those was Francesco from Petrarca, or as we call him, Petrarch, Vinci”) a 14th-century Italian poet whose (born April works helped inspire some of the core 15, 1452, tenets of the Renaissance. Most Anchiano, notable, perhaps, was his obsession near Vinci, with the Classical writings of ancient Republic Greece and Rome. Petrarch's deep of appreciation of Classical knowledge, Florence his emphasis on human rationalism [Italy]— and critical thinking, and his tendency died May to challenge the medieval traditions of 2, 1519, Cloux [now Clos-Lucé], the Catholic Church set the France), Italian painter, draftsman, foundations for the movement of sculptor, architect, and engineer humanism, a philosophy that whose genius, perhaps more than that dominated Renaissance thinking. of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last In 1341, he became an Italian Supper (1495–98) and Mona Lisa (c. celebrity, when he was crowned as the 1503–19) are among the most widely poet laureate, or official state poet, of popular and influential paintings of the Rome. He was the first person to Renaissance. His notebooks reveal a receive this title since the Roman spirit of scientific inquiry and a Empire. mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time. For SLSU use only 8 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". The painting's novel qual... # Some historians believe Mona Lisa is a The Last Supper is Leonardo's visual Self-Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci. interpretation of an event chronicled in all four of the Gospels (books in the Donatello Christian New Testament). The (c. 1386–1466) evening before Christ was betrayed by one of his disciples, he gathered them Italian together to eat, tell them he knew sculptor what was coming and wash their feet celebrated for (a gesture symbolizing that all were lifelike equal under the eyes of the Lord). As they ate and drank together, Christ sculptures gave the disciples explicit instructions like “David,” on how to eat and drink in the future, commissioned in remembrance of him. It was the by the Medici first celebration of the Eucharist, a family. ritual still performed. Sculptor Donatello apprenticed early Q. How long did it take Leonardo da with well-known sculptors and quickly Vinci to paint The Last Supper? learned the Gothic style. Before he a. one weekend was 20, he was receiving commissions b. one year for his work. Over his career, he c. three years developed a style of lifelike, highly d. ten years emotional sculptures and a reputation second only to Michelangelo's. Which family controlled Florence? a. da Vinci Donatello was born Donato di Niccolo b. Tudors di Betto Bardi in Florence, Italy, c. Hapsburgs sometime in 1386. His friends and d. Medici family gave him the nickname “Donatello.” He was the son of Niccolo di Betto Bardi, a member of the The Mona Lisa is a Florentine Wool Combers Guild. This half-length portrait gave young Donatello status as the painting by the son of a craftsman and placed him on Italian artist a path of working in the trades. Leonardo da Vinci. Donatello was educated at the home It is considered an of the Martelli's, a wealthy and archetypal influential Florentine family of bankers masterpiece of the and art patrons closely tied to the Italian Medici family. It was here that Renaissance, and Donatello probably first received For SLSU use only 9 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES artistic training from a local goldsmith. The Penitent Magdalene is a He learned metallurgy and the wooden sculpture of Mary Magdalene fabrication of metals and other by the Italian Renaissance sculptor substances. In 1403, he apprenticed Donatello, created around 1453–1455. with Florence metalsmith and sculptor The sculpture was Lorenzo Ghiberti. A few years later, probably Ghiberti was commissioned to create commissioned for the the bronze doors for the Baptistery of Baptistery of Florence. the Florence Cathedral, beating out The piece was rival artist Filippo Brunelleschi. received with Donatello assisted Ghiberti in creating astonishment for its the cathedral doors. unprecedented realism. It is now in He died of unknown causes on the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in December 13, 1466, in Florence and Florence. was buried in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, next to Cosimo de' Medici. Michelangelo 1475 - 1564 David Rome, Italy 1440-1460 bronze Michelangelo, in Perhaps full Michelangelo Donatello’s di Lodovico landmark work – Buonarroti Simoni, and one of the (born March 6, greatest 1475, Caprese, sculptural works Republic of of the early Florence [Italy]— Renaissance – died February 18, was his bronze 1564, Rome, statue of David. Papal States), This work Italian signals the Renaissance sculptor, painter, return of the architect, and poet who exerted an nude sculpture in the round figure, unparalleled influence on the and because it was the first such work development of Western art. like this in over a thousand years, it is one of the most important works in Michelangelo was considered the the history of western art greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held # Donatello's later David was the first to be one of the greatest artists of all freestanding bronze cast statue of the time. A number of his works Renaissance era as well as the first in painting, sculpture, nude sculpture of a male since the and architecture rank among the most classical sculptures of ancient Greece. famous in existence. A side effect of Michelangelo’s fame in his lifetime was that his career was Penitent Magdalene more fully documented than that of For SLSU use only 10 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES any artist of the time or earlier. He Facts about Michelangelo’s David was the first Western artist whose biography was published while # Towering a height of 5.16 meters he was alive. (almost 17 feet, a shy short at 16 feet and 11.15 inches) He was most famous on the following works, the frescoes on the ceiling of # It is made of one single block of the Sistine Chapel (1508–12) in the marble from the quarries in Carrara in Vatican, which include the iconic Tuscany, one of the whitest in the depiction of the creation of Adam world. interpreted from Genesis, are probably the best known of Michelangelo’s # It weighs 5,660 kg or 12,478.12 works today, but the artist thought of lbs!!! He is made out of solid marble ; himself primarily as a sculptor. His famed sculptures include the David # The sling on his left shoulder and (1501), now in the Accademia in tree trunk behind his right leg were Florence, and the Pietà (1499), now in covered with gold leaf? Being outdoors St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City. in Piazza della Signoria in the elements for over 400 years washed the gold leaf away. # The story of David and Goliath is a biblical one, found in Book 1 Samuel. The teenage David had to defeat the giant Goliath, he could not be defeated by strength since David was smaller. It took cunning and skill to David is a defeat someone bigger than him, and masterpiece of he did so with the slingshot. Renaissance sculpture created Many statues before Michelangelo’s in marble between that portray this story always show 1501 and 1504 by David AFTER he has defeated the the Italian artist giant, with the head by his feet. Michelangelo. Michelangelo decided to go against the David is a 5.17- current and portray his David BEFORE metre marble the battle. You can see in his face the statue of the concentration of him thinking how he’s Biblical figure going to do it, the rock hidden inside David, a favoured subject in the art of his right palm, the slingshot seemingly Florence. at rest on his shoulder and him Michelangelo crafted David between waiting for the right moment 1501- 1504 (restored in 2003-2004) – pretending to be at ease. He could he started the work when he was just only defeat the giant if he caught him 26 years old! by surprise – and he did! It is located at the museum called the Accademia Gallery, in Florence, Italy For SLSU use only 11 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES # Michelangelo was best known for three artistic talents. Which one is. NOT one of his talents. 2. What two famous sculptures did a. sculptor c. painter Michelangelo make? b. potter d. architect a. Pieta b. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel c. Goliath PIETA d. David Pietà, as a theme in Christian art, depiction of the Raphael Virgin Mary supporting the body of the dead Raphael, Christ. Some Italian in full representations of Raffaello the Pietà include Sanzio or John the Apostle, Raffaello Mary Magdalene, Santi, (born and sometimes April 6, other figures on 1483, either side of the Virgin, but the great Urbino, majority show only Mary and her Son. Duchy of The Pietà was widely represented in Urbino [Italy]—died April 6, 1520, both painting and sculpture, being one Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master of the most poignant visual painter and architect of the Italian expressions of popular concern with High Renaissance. Raphael is best the emotional aspects of the lives of known for his Madonnas and for his Christ and the Virgin. large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its Since its creation in 1499, clarity of form and ease of Michelangelo's Pietà has inspired composition and for its visual emotion, faith, and imitation achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal through its elegant depiction of the of human grandeur. Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. Yet few know the secrets that are still The Sistine Madonna, probably being uncovered about this painted in 1513, is different from all centuries-old statue. other Raphael Madonnas. It’s majestic; the standing figure is the apex of a triangular group of figures, 1. What famous Painting did including St. Barbara on the right, in Michelangelo Make? the beautiful colors of gold, blue, and green; and St. Sixtus on the left, with a. Pieta a red-lined cloak. b. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel c. David d. The Last Supper For SLSU use only 12 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES Sistine Madonna Raphael did not paint the ceiling with They’re Michaelangelo in the Sistene Chapel, presented in a but he was commissioned to do coup de theatre tapestries for the Chapel. apparition revealed by Giovanni Boccaccio drawn curtains; the Humanist a curtain rod at the top Giovanni completes the Boccaccio illusion, as Italian: 16 June though the 1313 – 21 curtain is being drawn back to reveal December 1375) this vision. The cloud-filled space they was an Italian inhabit is meant to be infinite, writer, poet, indicated beautifully by the irresistible correspondent of little angels at the bottom, who lean Petrarch, and an their arms on the lower edge of this important opening “like children in a swimming Renaissance bath,” as an English writer once put it. humanist. They’re charming; it is Raphael’s Boccaccio wrote graceful skill that keeps the charm a number of notable works, including just this side of saccharine. The Decameron and On Famous Women. He wrote his imaginative Common Questions About Raphael’s literature mostly in Tuscan vernacular, Madonna as well as other works in Latin, and is Q: Who is the Madonna in Raphael’s particularly noted for his realistic paintings? dialogue which differed from that of his contemporaries, medieval writers The Madonna in Raphael’s paintings is who usually followed formulaic models the Virgin Mary appearing with an for character and plot. infant Jesus. Q: What symbolism does the Madonna The Decameron. represent? It was probably in the years 1348–53 that Boccaccio composed the The Madonna and the colors she bears Decameron in the form in which it is are a symbol of virtue, virginity, read today. In the broad sweep of its innocence and purity of spirit. range and its alternately tragic and Q: What is Raphael most famous for? comic views of life, it is rightly regarded as his masterpiece. Raphael is most famous for his unique Stylistically, it is the most perfect style in the paintings of the Madonna, example of Italian classical prose, and particularly for the Sistene Madonna its influence on Renaissance literature for the Palace of the Vatican. throughout Europe was enormous. Q: Was Raphael involved in the painting of the Sistene Chapel? For SLSU use only 13 GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY MODERN AGES Name_____________________ Instructor_______________________ Course____________________ Date______________________ 8. Considered a Renaissance Man because he was a sculptor, inventor, architect, and painter. He was also famous Instructions: Encircle the letter of the for painting the Mona Lisa and Last Supper. correct answer. Use blue pen. No a. Raphael c. Machiavelli erasure. b. Gutenberg d. Davinci 9. Invented the movable type printing 1. Who had a major influence on A More c. Holbein Boccaccio's work and life? b. Petrarch d. Gutenburg a. Shakespeare c. Chaucer 10. Who made this b. Petrarch d. Heath Ledger a. Donatelo 2.. Which work is largely considered b. Michelangelo Boccaccio's masterpiece? c. Davinci a. Filocolo c. Decameron d. Petrarch b.Teseida d. Elegia di Madonna 11. What is humanism? 3. What does Decameron mean? a. The thought of an educated rebirth b. The thought that humans are the most a. Decameron's life during the Black important thing on Earth Death c. The thought that humans should be b. Black Death in Italy equal c. Ethical and fulfilled life d. The thought that all thin d. 10 days' work TRUE or FALSE.. Write the word VIRUS if 4. Which theme does Decameron follow? the statement is TRUE and write the word a. A story about the moral and religious COVID if the statement is false, if false significance of the Black Death change the underlined word/phrase to b. A story about the dehumanizing of make it true. Write your answer on the Florence's society space provided before each number. c. A story about Italian traders losing their battle to a Mongolian army ___________1.. Petrarch was the first d. None of these apply. Western artist whose biography was 5. What famous Painting did Michelangelo published while he was alive. Make? ___________2. The Middle Ages and a. Pieta c. David modern ages are of crucial importance in b. The Last Supper European history. d. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel ___________3. Medici is the clan that 6. Michelangelo was commissioned to controls the entire Florence. make a statue of a crucified Jesus lying ___________4. Michelangelo and across the knees of his mother, Mary. This Donatelo are the creator of David. statue is called _____ ___________5. Madonna visual a. Pieta c. David expressions of popular concern with the b. The Last Supper emotional aspects of the lives of Christ d. Ceiling of the Sistine Chape and the Virgin Mary. 7. Who is the youngest of the four turtles? ESSAY: Write Your answer at the back of a. Michelangelo c. Raphael this page. b. Donatello d. Leonardo 8. He traveled widely in Europe, and has 1. Discuss briefly why renaissance is been called “the first tourist”. considered as the bridge between middle a. Donatelo c. Davinci ages and the modern ages. b. Michelangelo d. Petrarch For SLSU use only 14