Renaissance (1300-1600) - History & Art Overview PDF

# The Renaissance 1300-1600 - The Renaissance - the rebirth of Ancient Rome & Ancient Greece culture. - It included art, architecture, writing, science & technology. ## Humanism - a new way of looking at the world. - Humanists had a great interest in learning & new ideas. ## Important Changes I...

# The Renaissance 1300-1600 - The Renaissance - the rebirth of Ancient Rome & Ancient Greece culture. - It included art, architecture, writing, science & technology. ## Humanism - a new way of looking at the world. - Humanists had a great interest in learning & new ideas. ## Important Changes In The Arts During The Renaissance ### Painting - **Perspective** Shows depth in the painting, makes the painting look 3D. - **Proportion** People & objects are painted in the correct size. - **Facial Expressions** Faces look more realistic, showing emotion & more detail. - **Paints** - Middle Ages - egg yolk mixed with colors dried very quickly. - Renaissance - oil mixed with colors dried slowly & changes could be made. - **Frescoes** A painting done on wet plaster. - **Sfumato** A shading technique to make faces look more real. ### Sculpture - **Ruins of Ancient Rome** Old Roman buildings inspired sculptures. - **Italy was divided into small city states** They competed against each other to create the greatest & most beautiful city. - **Wealthy Patron** Paid artists, sculptors, & architects to create beautiful works of art. - **Italy had many wealthy patrons** Because it was the crossroads of European trade. - e.g. the Medici family from Florence. - **During a war many Greek scholars fled** Their Ancient Greek manuscripts were brought with them to Italy. ## Why Did The Renaissance Begin In Italy? 1. Ruins of Ancient Rome 2. Italy was divided into small city states who competed against each other to create the greatest & most beautiful city. 3. Wealthy patrons paid artists, sculptors, & architects to create beautiful works of art. 4. Italy had many wealthy patrons because it was the crossroads of European trade. - e.g. the Medici family from Florence. 5. During a war, many Greek scholars fled to Italy & brought their Ancient Greek manuscripts with them. ## Schools & Universities - The Printing Press spread knowledge. - Vernacular languages (the language of the people) was used. ## Age Of Exploration - Old world maps from Ancient Rome & Greece inspired the explorations of Spain & Portugal around the world. - Led to the discovery of the Americas. ## How Was The Renaissance Historically Significant? ### Painting and Sculpture - New developments, such as perspective, proportion, sfumato, realistic faces & new themes. ### Architecture - Modern buildings today are influenced by Renaissance architecture (pillars, domes, arches). E.g. the White House. ### Tourism - The works of art have created a huge tourist industry. Millions of people go to Italy every year. E.g. the Sistine Chapel, Rome & the Mona Lisa, Louvre Museum, Paris. ### Astronomy - Discoveries by Renaissance scientists led to space missions in the 20th century. ### New Learning & Education - New developments in maths, astronomy, physics, medicine, military instruments, painting, sculpture, architecture. - This new knowledge was then taught in schools & universities. ## Renaissance Technology - The Printing Press & Moveable Metal Type was invented by Johann Gutenberg in Germany about 1450. ### How Did It Work? 1. Individual metal letters were created. 2. These were moved around the page. 3. They were inked & pressed down on the paper. 4. This was repeated for every page until the book was completed. - The first book printed by Gutenberg was the Bible. It made books 10 times cheaper than before. - Soon, Italy had its first printing press & before long, hundreds. - This spread the learning of the Renaissance from Italy to the rest of Europe. ## William Shakespeare - **Actor & Playwrite** Born in England in 1564. He died in 1616. - **Huge Influence on the English Language** - New words, such as "eyeball" and "lonely". - New phrases, such as "in a pickle" and "a wild goose chase". - Wrote over 38 plays & 194 sonnets. - **Preformed in The Globe Theatre** - **Famous plays include:** Hamlet, Romeo & Juliet, The Merchant of Venice. - **His work became famous around Europe** Due to the invention of the Printing Press. ## Renaissance Science ### Scientific Methods - Scientists must get results from experiments and evidence. ### Law Of Falling Bodies - All objects fall to the ground at the same speed. ### Galileo 1564-1642 - "The Father Of Modern Physics". - **Telescope** - Invented his own telescope. - Studied the surface of the moon. - Discovered rings around Saturn. ### Astronomy - Wrote a book to prove that the Sun was the centre of the universe. - Placed on house arrest by the Catholic Church for the rest of his life. - His book was banned for 200 years. ## Architecture ### Midieval/Gothic - Pointed archways, windows & doors. - Buttresses. - Rose windows. - Spire. ### Renaissance/Classical - Rounded arches, windows & doors. - Domes. - Pediments. - Pillars. ## Sculpture ### Midieval/Gothic - Religious themes. - Part of a cathedral or church. - Lacking in feeling. ### Renaissance/Classical - More than religious themes. - Stand alone sculptures. - People - more realistic & lifelike. ## Michelangelo 1475-1564 - **Artist, Sculptor, Architect**. - Born near Florence. - Trained at a sculptor school in Florence by Lorenzo de Medici (the ruler of Florence). - Died 1564. - Worked between Florence & Rome. ### Pietal - In St Peter's Basilica in Rome. - Carved from a block of marble. - Mary & Christ. - He was helped by dissecting dead bodies. ### Sistine Chapel - The Pope asked him to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. - 14 main scenes from the Bible. - 4 years to finish, working on scaffolding on his back. ### David - Sculptured from a block of marble in Florence. - David Vs Goliath. ### The Dome Of St Peters Basilica - He was asked by the Pope to design the dome. - His last great project. ### The Last Judgement - Fresco painted on the wall of the Sistine Chapel. - Heaven & Hell. ## Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 - **Artist, Inventor, Genius**. - Born in Florence. - Trained as an apprentice in Florence under the patronage of Lorenzo de Medici. - Died 1519. - Moved to work in Milan. - Worked in France. ### The Last Supper - Painted on a dining room wall of a monastery. - He used oil. - Soon after, some of the paint peeled off. ### Notebooks - Many different subjects: - Biology - Botany - Engineering - Geology - Maths. - Thousands of pages. - He wrote left-handed backwards to hide his ideas. ### The Virgin Of The Rocks - He used sfumato. - Rocks & plants show his interest in nature. ### The Mona Lisa - Most famous painting in the world. - Used sfumato. - He created a natural back ground. ### Anatomy - He dissected more than 30 bodies. - He made detailed drawings of the human. ### Inventions - Technology. ## David - In Florence. - In this sculpture the human form is idealized in relation to the philosophy of humanism.