Predicted Midterm Quiz - Psychopathology & Mental Disorders PDF

**redicted Midterm Quiz -- Psychopathology & Mental Disorders** *(Multiple-Choice & True/False Format, Based on Your Study Guide & Expected Exam Level)* **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** **(Conceptual & Theoretical Knowledge -- 30%)** 1. **Which of the following best describes the...

**redicted Midterm Quiz -- Psychopathology & Mental Disorders** *(Multiple-Choice & True/False Format, Based on Your Study Guide & Expected Exam Level)* **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** **(Conceptual & Theoretical Knowledge -- 30%)** 1. **Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model?**\ a) A framework that examines only biological factors in mental disorders\ b) A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illness\ c) A system used only in diagnosing anxiety disorders\ d) A method for prescribing medications for mental disorders 2. **Which of the following best describes a dimensional model of classification in DSM-5-TR?**\ a) Disorders are viewed as existing along a continuum rather than as distinct categories\ b) Each disorder is classified into mutually exclusive types\ c) Mental disorders must have a biological marker to be diagnosed\ d) Disorders are only diagnosed based on the presence of genetic factors 3. **What is a key distinction between the DSM-5-TR and the ICD-11?**\ a) The DSM-5-TR is used only for anxiety disorders\ b) The ICD-11 is an international classification system for both physical and mental disorders\ c) The DSM-5-TR focuses only on biological causes of mental illness\ d) The ICD-11 does not include mental health disorders 4. **Which of the following research methods is best suited for studying the long-term effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?**\ a) Cross-sectional study\ b) Experimental study\ c) Longitudinal study\ d) Case study 5. **Comorbidity refers to:**\ a) A disorder that occurs only in childhood\ b) The co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders in the same person\ c) A disorder that disappears over time\ d) A condition that is only diagnosed with lab tests **(Clinical Application & Diagnosis -- 40%)** 6. **A 45-year-old woman has had persistent sadness, loss of interest, sleep disturbances, and fatigue for the past three weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?**\ a) Bipolar disorder\ b) Generalized anxiety disorder\ c) Major depressive disorder\ d) Schizophrenia 7. **Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of bipolar disorder?**\ a) Chronic worry about daily activities\ b) Alternating episodes of depression and mania\ c) Hallucinations and delusions\ d) Avoidance of social situations 8. **Which of the following is an example of a trauma-related disorder in DSM-5-TR?**\ a) Generalized anxiety disorder\ b) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)\ c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder\ d) Social anxiety disorder 9. **Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treating depression?**\ a) Dopamine\ b) Serotonin\ c) GABA\ d) Acetylcholine 10. **A school counselor is evaluating a child who struggles with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty sustaining attention. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?**\ a) Autism Spectrum Disorder\ b) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)\ c) Generalized Anxiety Disorder\ d) Oppositional Defiant Disorder 11. **Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?**\ a) It is caused solely by traumatic experiences\ b) It is characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior\ c) It does not involve any biological abnormalities\ d) It can be effectively treated with psychotherapy alone 12. **Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?**\ a) Flashbacks of traumatic events\ b) Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli\ c) A persistent high mood and excessive energy\ d) Hyperarousal and exaggerated startle response 13. **What is the primary goal of trauma-informed care (TIC)?**\ a) To encourage patients to forget their trauma\ b) To create a safe environment and minimize re-traumatization\ c) To diagnose PTSD in all trauma survivors\ d) To focus only on biological treatment approaches 14. **Which therapy approach is most commonly used for treating PTSD?**\ a) Psychoanalysis\ b) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure therapy\ c) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)\ d) Mindfulness meditation alone 15. **Which of the following best describes protective childhood experiences (PCEs)?**\ a) Experiences that increase the likelihood of developing mental illness\ b) Positive relationships and supportive environments that buffer against adversity\ c) Childhood experiences that lead to trauma disorders\ d) A measure of resilience used in the DSM-5-TR **(Critical Thinking & Ethics -- 30%)** 16. **Which of the following ethical principles is most relevant when conducting research on childhood trauma?**\ a) Ensuring confidentiality and informed consent\ b) Using deception whenever necessary\ c) Avoiding participant diversity in research studies\ d) Allowing researchers to diagnose participants without consent 17. **Which concept explains why individuals exposed to childhood trauma do not always develop mental disorders?**\ a) Neurotoxicity\ b) Resilience\ c) Genetic determinism\ d) Dimensional classification 18. **What is a major concern with diagnosing mental disorders based solely on social deviance?**\ a) It increases the accuracy of diagnoses\ b) It can lead to misclassification and cultural bias\ c) It ensures all individuals receive appropriate treatment\ d) It aligns with the medical model of psychopathology 19. **Which of the following is a common critique of the DSM-5-TR?**\ a) It does not include cultural considerations\ b) It focuses too much on genetic testing\ c) It has expanded diagnostic criteria, leading to overpathologizing normal behaviors\ d) It does not classify schizophrenia as a mental disorder **Section 2: True or False Questions** 20. **The DSM-5-TR provides specific treatment recommendations for each disorder.** *(False)* 21. **Personality disorders are always diagnosed in childhood.** *(False)* 22. **The presence of ACEs increases the risk for both physical and mental health disorders.** *(True)* 23. **A categorical classification system views disorders as distinct entities rather than on a spectrum.** *(True)* 24. **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can help mitigate the negative effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).** *(True)* 25. **PTSD symptoms must develop immediately after a traumatic event.** *(False)* 26. **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for depression and anxiety.** *(True)* 27. **Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more mental disorders occurring in an individual at the same time.** *(True)* 28. **Trauma-informed care (TIC) is only relevant in cases of PTSD.** *(False)* 29. **Culture plays a role in how symptoms of mental disorders are expressed and diagnosed.** *(True)* 30. **Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is commonly used as a first-line treatment for PTSD.** *(False)* **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Answer Key & Explanations** **(Conceptual & Theoretical Knowledge -- 30%)** 1. **(b) A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illness** - The **biopsychosocial model** emphasizes how **genetics, thought processes, and environmental influences** interact in the development of mental disorders. 2. **(a) Disorders are viewed as existing along a continuum rather than as distinct categories** - The **dimensional model** suggests that mental disorders are **on a spectrum** of severity, unlike the categorical model, which classifies them into **separate types**. 3. **(b) The ICD-11 is an international classification system for both physical and mental disorders** - The **ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases)** is **used worldwide** to classify both **physical and mental** conditions, whereas the **DSM-5-TR** is used primarily in the U.S. for mental disorders. 4. **(c) Longitudinal study** - **Longitudinal studies** follow individuals **over time**, making them the best method to examine **the long-term impact of ACEs** on mental health. 5. **(b) The co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders in the same person** - **Comorbidity** occurs when a person has **multiple mental health disorders at the same time** (e.g., depression and anxiety). **(Clinical Application & Diagnosis -- 40%)** 6. **(c) Major depressive disorder** - **MDD is diagnosed when a person experiences at least 5 symptoms** (e.g., depressed mood, loss of interest, fatigue) for at least **two weeks**. 7. **(b) Alternating episodes of depression and mania** - **Bipolar disorder** involves **manic episodes (elevated mood, impulsivity)** followed by **depressive episodes**. 8. **(b) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)** - PTSD is classified as a **trauma-related disorder** in the **DSM-5-TR** due to its association with **traumatic events**. 9. **(b) Serotonin** - **Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)** increase serotonin levels, which helps regulate mood and treat **depression**. 10. **(b) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)** - **ADHD** is characterized by **impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty focusing**, often diagnosed in childhood. 11. **(b) It is characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior** - **Schizophrenia** includes **delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and cognitive impairment**. 12. **(c) A persistent high mood and excessive energy** - PTSD symptoms include **flashbacks, avoidance, and hyperarousal**, but **high mood and excessive energy are signs of mania, not PTSD**. 13. **(b) To create a safe environment and minimize re-traumatization** - **Trauma-informed care (TIC)** ensures that mental health services do not unintentionally cause further harm to trauma survivors. 14. **(b) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure therapy** - **CBT with exposure therapy** is the most effective treatment for **PTSD**, helping individuals confront traumatic memories. 15. **(b) Positive relationships and supportive environments that buffer against adversity** - **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs)** include **stable caregivers, positive school environments, and emotional support**, which reduce the negative impact of **ACEs**. **(Critical Thinking & Ethics -- 30%)** 16. **(a) Ensuring confidentiality and informed consent** - **Ethical research** on childhood trauma requires **protecting participants\' privacy and obtaining informed consent**. 17. **(b) Resilience** - **Resilience** is the ability to **recover from stress or adversity**, explaining why some individuals exposed to **ACEs** do not develop mental disorders. 18. **(b) It can lead to misclassification and cultural bias** - Diagnosing disorders **based solely on social deviance** can lead to **cultural misunderstandings and overpathologizing behaviors** that are **normal in some cultures**. 19. **(c) It has expanded diagnostic criteria, leading to overpathologizing normal behaviors** - Critics argue that **DSM-5-TR expands diagnoses**, leading to the risk of **labeling normal variations of behavior as mental disorders**. **Section 2: True or False Questions Answer Key & Explanations** 20. **False** - The **DSM-5-TR** does **not** provide **specific treatment recommendations**; it only lists **diagnostic criteria**. 21. **False** - **Personality disorders** are **typically diagnosed in adulthood** but **symptoms can emerge in adolescence**. 22. **True** - **ACEs** are linked to **mental disorders (e.g., depression, PTSD)** and **physical health issues (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes)**. 23. **True** - **Categorical classification** (used in DSM-5-TR) views disorders as **distinct entities** rather than as existing on a spectrum. 24. **True** - **PCEs** (supportive relationships, community involvement) can **reduce the negative effects of ACEs** and build resilience. 25. **False** - **PTSD symptoms may not appear immediately**; they can develop **weeks, months, or even years later**. 26. **True** - **CBT is an evidence-based treatment** for **depression and anxiety**, focusing on **changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors**. 27. **True** - **Comorbidity** occurs when a person has **two or more mental disorders simultaneously** (e.g., **depression + anxiety**). 28. **False** - **Trauma-informed care (TIC) applies to all healthcare and mental health settings**, not just PTSD treatment. 29. **True** - **Culture influences symptom expression and diagnosis** (e.g., in some cultures, **depression is expressed through physical symptoms like pain** rather than mood changes). 30. **False** - **Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is NOT a first-line treatment for PTSD**; it is mainly used for **severe, treatment-resistant depression**.