Midterm Practice Quiz - Psychopathology & Mental Disorders PDF

**Midterm Practice Quiz -- Psychopathology & Mental Disorders** **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** 1. **Which of the following best defines psychopathology?**\ a) The scientific study of mental disorders\ b) The treatment of neurological diseases\ c) The study of personal...

**Midterm Practice Quiz -- Psychopathology & Mental Disorders** **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** 1. **Which of the following best defines psychopathology?**\ a) The scientific study of mental disorders\ b) The treatment of neurological diseases\ c) The study of personality development\ d) The classification of psychiatric medications 2. **The biopsychosocial model considers which of the following factors?**\ a) Biological only\ b) Psychological only\ c) Social only\ d) Biological, psychological, and social factors 3. **Which diagnostic system is used internationally for classifying both physical and mental disorders?**\ a) DSM-5\ b) ICD-11\ c) APA Manual\ d) NIH Mental Health Guide 4. **Which of the following best describes the DSM-5 classification system?**\ a) Categorical only\ b) Dimensional only\ c) A combination of categorical and dimensional\ d) Symptom-based classification only 5. **What is a key criticism of categorical classification models in diagnosing mental disorders?**\ a) They fail to account for symptom severity\ b) They always require laboratory testing\ c) They only apply to mood disorders\ d) They only focus on genetic causes 6. **Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in depression and targeted by SSRIs?**\ a) Dopamine\ b) Serotonin\ c) Acetylcholine\ d) Glutamate 7. **Which research method best identifies causal relationships between variables?**\ a) Correlational studies\ b) Case studies\ c) Experimental studies\ d) Longitudinal studies 8. **Which disorder is characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors?**\ a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder\ b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder\ c) Bipolar Disorder\ d) Schizophrenia 9. **Which term describes the co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders?**\ a) Dual diagnosis\ b) Multimorbidity\ c) Comorbidity\ d) Psychotic overlap 10. **Which of the following is a protective childhood experience (PCE)?**\ a) Witnessing domestic violence\ b) Having a supportive caregiver\ c) Experiencing neglect\ d) Living in extreme poverty 11. **What is the primary goal of trauma-informed care (TIC)?**\ a) To avoid discussing past trauma\ b) To minimize re-traumatization\ c) To treat trauma only with medication\ d) To diagnose PTSD early 12. **Which of the following is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?**\ a) Social withdrawal\ b) Flat affect\ c) Hallucinations\ d) Reduced speech 13. **Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder?**\ a) Schizophrenia\ b) Bipolar disorder\ c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder\ d) PTSD 14. **Which symptom is most characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?**\ a) Recurrent panic attacks\ b) Excessive, persistent worry\ c) Avoidance of social situations\ d) Hallucinations 15. **What is the primary treatment for bipolar disorder?**\ a) Antipsychotic medication\ b) Stimulants\ c) Mood stabilizers\ d) Benzodiazepines 16. **Which of the following best describes cultural competence in mental health care?**\ a) Ignoring cultural differences in treatment\ b) Adapting mental health services to a person's cultural background\ c) Using only Western-based treatment models\ d) Assuming all mental disorders present the same way across cultures 17. **Which disorder involves cycles of depression and mania?**\ a) Major Depressive Disorder\ b) Generalized Anxiety Disorder\ c) Bipolar Disorder\ d) Schizophrenia 18. **Which neurotransmitter is implicated in schizophrenia and is targeted by most antipsychotics?**\ a) Serotonin\ b) Dopamine\ c) GABA\ d) Norepinephrine 19. **Which disorder is most commonly associated with exposure to trauma?**\ a) Social Anxiety Disorder\ b) PTSD\ c) Bipolar Disorder\ d) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 20. **Which therapeutic approach focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns?**\ a) Psychoanalysis\ b) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)\ c) Existential Therapy\ d) Electroconvulsive Therapy 21. **Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, intense emotions, and impulsivity?**\ a) Antisocial Personality Disorder\ b) Borderline Personality Disorder\ c) Narcissistic Personality Disorder\ d) Avoidant Personality Disorder 22. **Which of the following best describes adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?**\ a) Only physical abuse in childhood\ b) Any type of early life trauma, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction\ c) Only trauma that leads to PTSD\ d) A measure of resilience 23. **Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?**\ a) Re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks\ b) Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli\ c) Increased need for social interaction\ d) Hyperarousal and exaggerated startle response 24. **Which type of study follows the same group of people over a long period of time?**\ a) Cross-sectional study\ b) Longitudinal study\ c) Case study\ d) Experimental study 25. **Which concept explains why not all individuals with ACEs develop mental disorders?**\ a) Genetic vulnerability\ b) Resilience\ c) Neurotoxicity\ d) Social conditioning **Section 2: True or False** 26. **DSM-5-TR requires a specific biological marker for every mental disorder.** *(False)* 27. **Cognitive distortions are commonly associated with depression and anxiety disorders.** *(True)* 28. **Comorbidity can complicate both diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.** *(True)* 29. **Schizophrenia is caused only by environmental factors.** *(False)* 30. **Neurotransmitters play a role in the development of mental disorders.** *(True)* 31. **All people exposed to trauma will develop PTSD.** *(False)* 32. **Bipolar disorder always involves severe manic episodes.** *(False)* 33. **Protective childhood experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the negative effects of ACEs.** *(True)* 34. **Personality disorders are always diagnosed in childhood.** *(False)* 35. **Exposure to early childhood trauma can have long-term physical health consequences.** *(True)* 36. **CBT is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety and depression.** *(True)* 37. **PTSD symptoms always develop immediately after trauma.** *(False)* 38. **The DSM-5-TR acknowledges cultural variations in the expression of mental disorders.** *(True)* 39. **Medication is the only effective treatment for major depressive disorder.** *(False)* 40. **The term 'psychopathology' refers only to severe mental disorders.** *(False)* 41. **ACEs increase the risk of developing both mental and physical health problems.** *(True)* 42. **A dimensional model views mental disorders on a spectrum rather than distinct categories.** *(True)* 43. **Ethical considerations are important in mental health research involving vulnerable populations.** *(True)* 44. **Psychotherapy is only effective when combined with medication.** *(False)* 45. **Social support can reduce the risk of developing PTSD.** *(True)* 46. **The DSM-5-TR completely removed the diagnosis of personality disorders.** *(False)* 47. **People with schizophrenia always experience hallucinations.** *(False)* 48. **Developmental psychopathology examines how early experiences influence mental health across the lifespan.** *(True)* 49. **Cultural competence is essential in diagnosing and treating mental disorders.** *(True)* 50. **Psychopathology research relies only on experimental studies.** *(False)* Answer Keys **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** 1. **b) The scientific study of mental disorders** - *Psychopathology* refers to the study of mental disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatments. 2. **d) Biological, psychological, and social factors** - The **biopsychosocial model** integrates multiple influences on mental health. 3. **b) ICD-11** - The **International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)** is used globally for both physical and mental disorders. 4. **c) A combination of categorical and dimensional** - DSM-5 uses **categorical classification** for diagnosing disorders but also incorporates **dimensional elements** (e.g., severity levels). 5. **a) They fail to account for symptom severity** - A **categorical model** assumes disorders are separate, but symptoms often exist on a continuum. 6. **b) Serotonin** - **Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)** increase serotonin to help treat depression. 7. **c) Experimental studies** - **Experimental studies** manipulate variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships. 8. **b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder** - **OCD** is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). 9. **c) Comorbidity** - **Comorbidity** occurs when two or more disorders exist simultaneously in the same person. 10. **b) Having a supportive caregiver** - **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs)** like stable relationships can buffer against trauma. 11. **b) To minimize re-traumatization** - **Trauma-informed care (TIC)** emphasizes safety and avoiding re-traumatization. 12. **c) Hallucinations** - **Positive symptoms** in schizophrenia include hallucinations and delusions. 13. **b) Bipolar disorder** - Bipolar disorder includes **depressive episodes** and **manic/hypomanic episodes**. 14. **b) Excessive, persistent worry** - **Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)** involves chronic worry about various aspects of life. 15. **c) Mood stabilizers** - **Bipolar disorder** is typically treated with **mood stabilizers** like lithium. 16. **b) Adapting mental health services to a person's cultural background** - **Cultural competence** involves adapting treatment based on cultural differences. 17. **c) Bipolar Disorder** - **Bipolar disorder** features mood swings between **mania** and **depression**. 18. **b) Dopamine** - **Antipsychotics** target dopamine to manage schizophrenia symptoms. 19. **b) PTSD** - **Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)** is caused by exposure to trauma. 20. **b) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** - **CBT** helps change negative thought patterns that contribute to mental illness. 21. **b) Borderline Personality Disorder** - **BPD** is marked by unstable relationships, emotions, and impulsivity. 22. **b) Any type of early life trauma, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction** - **Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)** include various forms of trauma and instability. 23. **c) Increased need for social interaction** - **PTSD symptoms** include **re-experiencing**, **avoidance**, **negative mood**, and **hyperarousal**. 24. **b) Longitudinal study** - **Longitudinal studies** track participants over a long period to observe changes. 25. **b) Resilience** - **Resilience** explains why some people with **ACEs** do not develop mental health disorders. **Section 2: True or False** 26. **False** - DSM-5-TR does not require **biological markers** for diagnosis; it relies on clinical criteria. 27. **True** - **Cognitive distortions** (e.g., catastrophizing, black-and-white thinking) contribute to **anxiety and depression**. 28. **True** - **Comorbidity** makes diagnosis and treatment more challenging. 29. **False** - **Schizophrenia** has **both genetic and environmental** influences. 30. **True** - **Neurotransmitters** (e.g., serotonin, dopamine) are crucial in mental disorders. 31. **False** - **Not everyone exposed to trauma develops PTSD**; individual differences and resilience play a role. 32. **False** - **Bipolar disorder** includes **mild hypomanic episodes** in **Bipolar II**, not always severe mania. 33. **True** - **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs)** can help **reduce negative effects of ACEs**. 34. **False** - **Personality disorders** are diagnosed in **adulthood**, though traits may appear earlier. 35. **True** - **ACEs** increase risk for **heart disease, obesity, and depression**. 36. **True** - **CBT** is an **evidence-based** treatment for depression and anxiety. 37. **False** - **PTSD symptoms can take months or years** to develop. 38. **True** - DSM-5-TR incorporates **cultural considerations** in mental health. 39. **False** - **Depression** can be treated with **therapy, medication, or both**. 40. **False** - **Psychopathology** includes both **mild and severe** mental disorders. 41. **True** - **ACEs increase the risk of both physical and mental health problems.** 42. **True** - **Dimensional models** view disorders on a **continuum** rather than discrete categories. 43. **True** - **Ethical research** must protect vulnerable populations (e.g., informed consent, confidentiality). 44. **False** - **Psychotherapy alone** can be effective; not all disorders require medication. 45. **True** - **Social support** is a **protective factor** against PTSD. 46. **False** - **Personality disorders** remain in DSM-5-TR, but alternative models are explored. 47. **False** - Some people with **schizophrenia** only have **negative symptoms** (e.g., lack of motivation). 48. **True** - **Developmental psychopathology** examines how early experiences shape mental health. 49. **True** - **Cultural competence** improves diagnosis and treatment. 50. **False** - **Psychopathology research** includes **experimental, longitudinal, and observational** studies.