Radhakrishnan Commission 1948-49 PDF

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION COMMISSION, 1948-49 (RADHAKRISHANAN COMMISSION) Sri. Utpal Paul Dept. of Education, Nakshalbari College,Darjeeling INTRODUCTION  After independence, the first significant step taken by the Government of India in the field of education was the appointment of the Univ...

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION COMMISSION, 1948-49 (RADHAKRISHANAN COMMISSION) Sri. Utpal Paul Dept. of Education, Nakshalbari College,Darjeeling INTRODUCTION  After independence, the first significant step taken by the Government of India in the field of education was the appointment of the University Education Commission in 1948 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, a distinguished scholar and former vice- chancellor of Banaras Hindu University and who the became the second President of India  The Inter-University Board of Education(IUBE) and Central Advisory Board of Education(CABE) recommended to the Government of India that a Commission on Education should be appointed to inquire into the problems and prospects of Indian University Education and to suggest improvements and extensions that might be considered desirable to suit the present and future requirements of the country. Therefore, the Commission was appointed in November, 1948 under the chairmanship of Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan and it submitted its report in August,1949 which is why this Commission is also known as ‘Radhakrishnan Commission’. AIM OF THE COMMISSION  To report on Indian University Education and suggest improvements and extensions that may be desirable to suit present and future requirements of the country.  The decision was due to the realization that a reconstruction of university education was essential for a national - cultural resurgence as well as for meeting the requirements of scientific, technical and other man – power which India needed for its socio-economic development in the wake of the independence in 1947. FEATURES OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION COMMISSION  First Education Commission of independent India  Recommended for university education  Govt. of India under the recommendation of CABE & IUBE appointed the Commission in Nov 1948  Dr. S. Radhakrishanan was the Chairman which is why this Commission is also known as Radhakrishnan Commission  The Commission consisted of 10 members  It submitted its report in August,1949  Commission report consist of 2 volumes  1st Vol. contains recommendations  2nd Vol. contains data used for the study METHOD OF STUDY  The Commission members toured extensively throughout India in order to acquaint itself with the problems of higher education.  prepared and distributed questionnaire which was sent over to about 600 persons who mattered in the field of education  It interviewed administrators, organizations of the students and educationists.  Submitted its report in 1948  RECOMMENDATIONS OF RADHAKRISHANAN COMMISSION AIMS OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION  produce able citizens who can take up national responsibilities successfully in various fields.  maintain a high standard in general, professional and vocational education  to preserve and develop the culture and civilization of the country.  generate new ideas and discard those which are likely to prevent the growth of the nation.  to educate the mind and soul of the student in order that he may grow in wisdom.  provide opportunities to acquire all kinds of knowledge.  to instill moral values in the students  to develop the spirit of universal brotherhood and internationalism in the students.  to provide leadership in politics, administration, education, industry and commerce.  to bring about the spiritual development of students.  aim of university education should be to produce intellectual adventures.  has to make new discoveries and inventions and it has to develop new original ideas in order to make the society strong.  The university has to make the foundation of democracy strong and it has to develop the spirit in students for ensuring equality, fraternity and social justice to all while maintaining the integrity of the nation. TEACHING STAFF  Quality of university education depends on quality of teachers, attempts should be made to improve their quality and qualification.  4 categories of university teachers: Professors, Readers, Lecturers, Instructors  The pay scale and service condition should be improved.  Teachers should be given leaves for higher studies.  Promotion should be based on merit  Age of retirement should be 60 , for professors 64 years DURATION OF THE COURSE AND WORKING DAYS  Admission to universities should be after intermediate examination after 11 years of school course.  First degree should be after 3 years of college education  The working days in the college should be 180 days excluding examination days.  Maximum number of students for a teaching university should be fixed to 3000 and affiliated colleges to 1500. RESEARCH AND TRAINING:  The admission procedure as well as the process for enrolling in Ph.D. degree should be arranged on an all India basis.  D.Litt. and D.Sc. Degrees should be awarded on published work of outstanding quality.  A large number of Scholarship should be provided for the research work to the university by the Ministry of Education PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION  The University Education Commission divided professional education into five aspects of education as Agriculture education, Commercial Education, Engineering and Technology, Legal Education and Medical Education. The Commission recommended that these professional education should be started and developed RELIGIOUS AND MORAL INSTRUCTION  The commission stressed the importance of religious and moral instructions.  Students must be able to understand the basic principles of all religion in order to develop a spirit of religious tolerance and secularism. Moral instructions should also aim at the development of secularism.  At every stage of educational system, moral instruction should be imparted.  Moral values of all religion should be given MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION  The Commission suggested that higher education should be imparted through the regional language with the option to use the federal language(hindi) as the medium of instruction either for some subjects or for all subjects  English Should be studied in the Higher Schools and in the Universities for keeping the students in touch with the living stream of ever-growing knowledge EXAMINATION SYSTEM  Teacher must evaluate student continuously in classroom.  The type of question , method of examination should be thoroughly changed with a view to making it more reliable and valid.  Essay type questions should be supplemented by objective type of questions.  oral examinations should be used  Internal assessment should be introduced  The system of grace marks should be abolished. STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES AND WELFARE:  The students should undergo thorough physical examination at the time of admission and at least once a year thereafter.  All universities must have hospital and health service.  Sanitary inspection of the campus buildings, hostels, dining rooms, kitchens and off-campus residences must be undertaken in a university.  All students should receive N.C.C. training.  Compulsory physical training and a regular time should be assigned for the purpose. WOMEN EDUCATION  The Commission also pointed out the need for establishing colleges for women with adequate facilities and conducive atmosphere. RURAL UNIVERSITIES  The Commission emphasized the need for establishing rural universities surrounded by rural colleges to meet the needs of rural reconstruction in agriculture and industry. UGC  University Grants Commission should be appointed to supervise and allocate funds for the universities all over India  CONCLUSION  The Report of the Commission is a document of great importance as it has guided the development of university education in India since independence. It took into account the entire aspects of university education in the country.  When Dr. S. Radhakrishanan became the President of India, some of his students and friends requested him to allow them to celebrate his birthday 5th Sep. He replied “Instead of celebrating my birthday, it would be my proud priviledge if 5th Sep is observed as Teachers’ Day”. His birthday has since been celebrated as Teacher’s Day in India. This Power Point Presentation is solely for the purpose of classroom teaching and the content has been taken from books and Internet open access sources.