Alternative Therapies Quizlet PDF

alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 1. What do these 3 common a) skin, burns herbs treat? a) aloe vera b) UTI b) cranberry c) echinacea c) immune, cold 2. What do these 3 common a) reduces: ch...

alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 1. What do these 3 common a) skin, burns herbs treat? a) aloe vera b) UTI b) cranberry c) echinacea c) immune, cold 2. What do these 3 common a) reduces: cholesterol, BP and anticoagulation herbs treat? a) garlic (3) b) antiemetic, antithrombotic, diuretic, antiin- b) ginger (5) flammatory, increases blood glucose c) ginseng (3) c) stress, immune, decreases fatigue 3. What do these 2 common a) relief menopausal symptoms, prevents CAD, herbs treat? anticancer a) Soy (3) b) St John's Wort (3) b) depression, anxiety, inflammation 4. T or F: Natural does not True mean safe or better 5. Name 3 potential serious 1. Anticoagulants interactions 2. Insulin 3. Digoxin 6. Name the water soluble vi- B Complex & C tamins + what exception Replenish daily Exception is B12: Stored in the liver 7. Name the lipid soluble vi- A D E K tamins, frequency of ad- ministration, and stored Require intermittent renewal where? Stored in liver + adipose tissue 8. 1 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw Name two functions of 1. ions of electrolytes in body fluids minerals 2. bound to organic molecules (hemoglobin, phospholipids, enzymes) 9. Name a few macro miner- 1. Calcium als 2. Chlorine 3. Magnesium 4. Phosphorous 5. Potassium 6. Sodium 7. Sulphur 10. Calcium: a) Nerve conduction, muscular contraction, he- a) Used for? (3) mostasis b) What can low levels be due to? b) Lack of calcium intake Lack of Vitamin D Chronic Diarrhea Decreased parathyroid hormone Fractures, irritable, restless, mustcle twitches, crampls, cardiac abnormalities 11. Phosphorus: a) bound to calcium in bones a) Used for? (4) bone formation b) manifestations component of ATP and nucleic acids buffer in the blood b) weakness muscle tremor anorexia bleeding abnormalities 12. 2 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw Magnesium: a) neuromuscular function a) Used for? (2) activate enzymes in metabolism of carbs b) Manifestations (4) c) What can it be used as? b) general weakness, dysrhythmias, HTN, loss of deep tendon reflexes c) CNS depressants (laxatives, antacids, laxa- tives) 13. Name 4 microminerals 1. Iron 2. Iodine 3. Fluorine 4. Zinc 14. Iron: a) synthesize thyroid hormone a) used for? b) Most common form b) iodized salt 15. Fluorine: a) bone and teeth health a) used for? 16. Zinc: a) Nucleic acid synthesis a) used for? (5) Wound healing b) what is it Male infertility Bone formation Cell-mediated immunity b) component of enzymes 17. What is enteral nutrition nutrition goes directly into the stomach through and when is it used? a feeding tube used when there are swallowing difficulties or unable to take adequate nutrition orally 18. 3 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw What types of enteral nutri- Portein, carbo, lipid tion formulas are there (isosource, resource, ensure-plus) 19. T or F: In enteral nutrition, true feedings are started at a slow rate, and gradually in- creased 20. Bolus (Enteral) Feeds: a) 250-400ml of formula every 4-6 hours with a a) what is it syringe b) side effects c) risk for? b) nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diar- rhea c) aspiration 21. Intermittent (Enteral) Feed- a) 300-300mL each feeding with a feed bag ings: every 3-6 hours a) what is it 22. Continuous (Enteral) a) Feeds delivered slowing over 16-24 hr via Feedings: feed bag a) what is it b) benefits? b) less likely for complications - aspiration - dumping syndrome 23. What is parenteral nutri- nutritional feeding through the vein tion 24. When is parenteral nutri- 1. unable to tolerate enteral nutrition tion used (2) 2. Undernutrition for greater than 7 days 25. Peripheral (Parental) Nutri- a) requires large peripheral vein and is usually tion: temporary a) what is it? b) risk for? b) irritation to the vein c) osmolality c) lower solution 4 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 26. Central (Parental) Nutri- a) Central vein tion: a) what is it? b) Amino acids, dextrose, lipids, vitamins, miner- b) what does it contain als, trace elements, essential electrolytes, water 27. T or F: Solutions are indi- True vidulaized to the individual 28. T or F: Solutions are modi- True fied daily based on lab re- sults of metabolism, un- derlying disorder 29. Carbohydrates: a) dextrose 24-35% solution a) what is it? b) role? b) main source of calories c) side effects d) nursing implications c) hyperglycemia d) stopping abruptly can cause hypogylcemia 30. Lipids: a) fat emulsion a) what is it? b) role b) provide energy c) cautions d) side effects c) hazardous to patients with liver disease, pul- monary disease, anemia, blood coagulation dis- orders d) hyperlipidemia 31. Name the 3 components of 1. Amino acids TPN 2. Elecotrlyes and Minerals 3. Vitamins 32. What do amino acids do (3) 1. production of proteins 5 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 2. conserve lean body mass 3. promote healing 33. What are electrolytes and sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phospho- minerals rus, chlorine, acetate trace elements always monitor 34. What are vitamins in TPN vitamin formulas vitamin K injection weekly 35. Name 3 complications of 1. Catheter TPN 2. Metabolic 3. High risk for infection 36. Catheter Complications: 1. Pneumothorax/hemothorax a) what are they (4) 2. thromboembolism 3. infection (endocarditis) 4. arrhythmias 37. Metabolic Complications: a) fluid volume overload, electrolyte/mineral im- a) what are they (3) balances, high triglycerides b) long-term (3) b) Bone disease/demineralization Heptatic steatosis Gallbaldder disease 38. What is hematopoiesis? blood cell formation 39. a) B vitamins, vitamin C, copper, iron, others 6 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw Hematopoiesis: b) hormone erythropoietin, chemicals, and oth- a) what does it need? er substances b) regulated by? 40. How are anti-neoplastics toxic to bone marrow harmful and what can it cause neutropenia 41. What is erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys is hormone that stimu- (EPO)? lates RBC production 42. What drug can be used for Epoetin Alfa (Darbepoetin) eryhtropoietin 43. What are the indications 1. Anemia from end-stage kidney disease 2. for Epoetin Alfa? Anemia from chemotherapy 3. Anemia from zidovudine therapy 4. Appropriate body iron stores and bone marrow function 44. What is a contraindication Hemoglobin above 100 g/L for Epoetin Alfa in cancer patients? 45. What is a contraindication Hemoglobin above 130 g/L for Epoetin Alfa in kidney disease patients? 46. What is Epoetin Alfa biosynthetic form of hormone eryhtropoietin that promotes synthesis of eryhtroctyes by stimulat- ing RBC progenitor cells in bone marrow 47. What is the role of growth Controls WBC production factors 48. Name 2 growth factors 1. Interleukins 2. Colony stimulating factors 49. Interleukins: a) 1. increase production of WBC a) actions (2) 7 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 2. activate the WBC (increased antibody toxicity, increased phagocytosis) 50. Colony stimulating fac- 1. filgrastim tors: a) name the two types 2. sargramostim 51. Filgrastim: a) chronic neutropenia or neutropenia due to a) treats? chemotherapy b) side effects b) dysrhythmias tachycardia HTN skeletal pain 52. Sargramostim: a) non-Hodkgkin's syndrome, a) treats? (3) b) side effects acute lymphoblastic leukemia Hodgkins disease having a bone marrow trans- plant b) Resp distress Arrhythmias 53. What are nursing implica- Monitor CBCs tions for Growth factors 54. Platelet enhancers: a) thrombopoietin /. kidneys a) controlled by/ produced where? b) stiumlates production of platelets at b) MOA risk for thrombocytopenia caused by cancer c) side effect chemotherapy d) drug name c) fluid overload d) Oprelvekin 55. What 3 things cause ane- 1. blood loss mia 8 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw 2. eryhtrocyte destruction 3. decreased eryhtrocyte production due to de- ficiency 56. How do you classify ane- size and colour of erythrocyte mia 57. What are vitamin B12 and Rapidly dividing cells folic acid essential for 58. B12: a) bacteria in the GI tract a) synthesized where? b) absorbed how? b) intrinsic factor needed to absorb 59. What is a B12 deficiency pernicious (megablastic) anemia called 60. Pernicious Anemia: a) red cells are large but do not mature a) what is it? b) symptoms b) Memory loss Confusion Unsteadiness Numbness/Tingling 61. Folic acid: a) poor dietary intake a) what can cause a defi- i.e.: alcoholism, diseases of small intestines ciency b) what can pregnancy b) neural tube malformations lead to 62. Name 4 ways to supple- 1. Ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulphate (oral) ment iron 2. Iron dextran (IV) 3. Ferric Gluconate 4. Iron sucrose (IV) 63. 9 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw Describe each of these: a) Causes anaphylaxis and OH, give small dose a) Iron dextran (IV) to start b) Ferric Gluconate c) Iron sucrose (IV) b) used for dialysis patients c) Hypotension, administer slowly, for those w/wo kidney disease 64. True or False: Most iron is True associated with hemoglo- bin and remainder attatch- es to ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrtin 65. Describe nursing consid- 1. best absorbed in acidic environment erations for iron (4) 2. take one hour before meals when duodenal is most acidic (avoids binding) 3. may be needed to be taken with meals due to GI effects 4. Liquid iron may stain a patient's teeth, dilute it, and ingest through a straw 66. Describe the reaction of Iron is absorbed best from the duodenum and enteric coated or sus- the proximal jejunum. Therefore, enteric-coated tained release capsules or sustained-release capsules, which release with iron iron farther down in the GI tract, are counterpro- ductive 67. Describe 3 food/drug inter- 1. ascorbic acid (increase absorption) actions with iron 2. antacids (decrease absorption) 3. iron decrease absorption of other drugs such as tetracyclines and quinolone 68. False: opposite 10 / 11  alternative therapies, nutritional, hematopoietic disorders Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g52maw T or F: Give iron with large amounts of antacids and milk but not fluids 69. T or F: After takin iron, True remain in an upright or sitting position for up to 30 minutes after taking oral forms to help mini- mize esophageal irritation or corrosion 70. What does iron make black, tarry colour stools look like 71. What are some foods high ark green, leafy vegetables, dried fruits, beans, in iron meats, and eggs 11 / 11