Alternative Therapies in Nutritional Disorders
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which herb is commonly used to help treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

  • Echinacea
  • Aloe Vera
  • Ginseng
  • Cranberry (correct)

Which of the following vitamins is known to be stored in the liver?

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B12 (correct)
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin B6

What function do minerals provide in the body?

  • Regulate hormonal levels
  • Help in nerve conduction and muscular contraction (correct)
  • Nutrient absorption in the intestines
  • Produce energy from carbohydrates

Which macro mineral is essential for muscle function and nerve conduction?

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential serious interaction when combining herbal therapies?

<p>Anticoagulants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin requires daily replenishment due to its water-soluble nature?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the lipid-soluble vitamins that need intermittent renewal?

<p>Vitamins A, D, E, K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about natural therapies?

<p>Natural does not mean safe or better. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by fractures, irritability, muscle twitches, and cardiac abnormalities?

<p>Calcium deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with phosphorus?

<p>Neurotransmitter release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of magnesium in the body?

<p>Activation of enzymes in metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a micromineral?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of zinc in the human body?

<p>Nucleic acid synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is specifically required for bone and teeth health?

<p>Fluorine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition could potentially manifest due to magnesium deficiency?

<p>Dysrhythmias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is enteral nutrition typically used?

<p>For patients unable to eat by mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of iron supplementation is known to cause anaphylaxis and should be started with a small dose?

<p>Iron dextran (IV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary element is known to enhance the absorption of iron?

<p>Ascorbic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering iron sucrose (IV) to patients?

<p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

<p>Promotes red blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for Epoetin Alfa in cancer patients?

<p>Hemoglobin above 100 g/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is iron best absorbed in the digestive tract?

<p>In an acidic environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor regulates white blood cell production?

<p>Colony stimulating factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can decrease the absorption of iron supplements?

<p>Antacids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of anemia are indications for Epoetin Alfa therapy?

<p>Anemia from end-stage kidney disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should liquid iron be diluted and taken through a straw?

<p>To prevent staining of teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two agents are classified as colony stimulating factors?

<p>Filgrastim and sargramostim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of iron supplementation is specifically used for dialysis patients?

<p>Iron sucrose (IV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does filgrastim function in the treatment of neutropenia?

<p>Increases white blood cell count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a contraindication when considering the use of enteric-coated or sustained-release iron forms?

<p>They are absorbed best in the duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one action of interleukins in relation to white blood cells?

<p>Increase production of white blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source for the secretion of erythropoietin?

<p>Kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary side effects of chemotherapy?

<p>Skeletal pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for thrombopoietin?

<p>Stimulates platelet production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes pernicious anemia?

<p>B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options can lead to a deficiency of folic acid?

<p>Poor dietary intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes B12 absorption?

<p>Requires intrinsic factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of pernicious anemia?

<p>Memory loss and confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the use of growth factor medications?

<p>Fluid overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vitamin B12 and folic acid essential for?

<p>Rapidly dividing cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a feeding tube?

<p>To assist with swallowing difficulties or inadequate oral nutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enteral feeding is characterized by delivering 250-400ml of formula every 4-6 hours using a syringe?

<p>Bolus feeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common side effects associated with bolus enteral feeds?

<p>Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes peripheral parenteral nutrition?

<p>Is usually temporary and requires a large peripheral vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of continuous enteral feeding?

<p>Less likelihood of complications such as aspiration and dumping syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components are typically included in central parenteral nutrition?

<p>Essential nutrients like amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are solutions for parenteral nutrition individualized?

<p>To tailor them according to metabolism and underlying disorders based on lab results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aloe Vera, Cranberry, Echinacea treatment

Aloe vera treats skin and burns, cranberry treats UTIs, and echinacea boosts the immune system and helps with colds.

Garlic, Ginger, Ginseng treatment

Garlic lowers cholesterol, blood pressure and is an anticoagulant, ginger is antiemetic, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory, while ginseng helps with stress, the immune system and fatigue.

Soy and St. John's Wort treatment

Soy relieves menopausal symptoms, potentially prevents heart disease (CAD), and is sometimes associated with anti-cancer properties. St. John's Wort treats depression and anxiety.

Natural remedies safety

Natural doesn't automatically mean safe or better than other treatments; always consult a doctor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Serious supplement interactions

Anticoagulants, insulin, and digoxin are some potential serious interactions with supplements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water-soluble vitamins

B complex and Vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins, replenished daily, but B12 is stored in the liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipid-soluble vitamins

A, D, E, and K are lipid-soluble vitamins, requiring intermittent replenishment, and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral functions

Minerals, like electrolytes, are part of body fluids and are bound to molecules in the body such as enzymes and hemoglobin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcium Deficiency Symptoms

Lack of calcium intake can lead to fractures, muscle spasms, and cardiac problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphorus Function

Phosphorus is crucial for bone formation, ATP function (energy), and blood buffering.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms

Phosphorus deficiency can cause weakness, tremors, loss of appetite, and bleeding issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Magnesium Function

Magnesium is essential for nerve and muscle function, and enzyme activation related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms

Magnesium deficiency may cause weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, high blood pressure, and reduced reflexes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Uses

Iron is used in the body for synthesizing red blood cells and transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zinc Uses

Zinc is used in wound healing, male fertility, bone formation, and cell immunity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enteral Nutrition

Enteral nutrition is providing nutrients directly to the stomach via a tube for individuals who can't eat normally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feeding Tube Use

Used when a person has trouble swallowing or can't get enough nutrition by mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enteral Nutrition Formulas

Formulas providing protein, carbohydrates, and lipids for enteral feeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bolus Enteral Feeds

Formula delivered in one dose (250-400ml) every 4-6 hrs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intermittent Enteral Feeds

Formula delivered in smaller doses in set intervals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Continuous Enteral Feeds

Formula delivered over 16-24 hours using a feeding bag.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parenteral Nutrition Use

Used when enteral nutrition isn't possible or for severe undernutrition for more than 7 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition

Temporary nutritional support through a peripheral vein, using a smaller solution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow, involving the development of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does hematopoiesis need?

Hematopoiesis requires various nutrients, such as B vitamins, vitamin C, copper, iron, and other substances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What regulates hematopoiesis?

Hematopoiesis is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin, various chemicals, and other substances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epoetin Alfa (Darbepoetin)

A drug used to increase red blood cell production, acting as a synthetic form of erythropoietin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epoetin Alfa Indications

Epoetin Alfa has various uses, including treatment of anemia caused by end-stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, and zidovudine therapy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Growth Factors

Substances that control the production of white blood cells, playing a crucial role in the immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interleukins

A type of growth factor responsible for increasing the production of white blood cells and activating them for enhanced antibody toxicity and phagocytosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the side effects of Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy can cause side effects such as dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), tachycardia (fast heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), and skeletal pain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does Sargramostim treat?

Sargramostim is used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Side effects of Sargramostim

Sargramostim can cause respiratory distress and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are nursing implications for Growth Factors?

Nurses should monitor complete blood counts (CBCs) for patients receiving growth factors, as these medications can affect blood cell production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What controls and produces Platelet Enhancers?

Platelet enhancers are controlled by thrombopoietin, which is produced in the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Platelet Enhancers?

Platelet enhancers stimulate the production of platelets when there is a risk of thrombocytopenia, often caused by cancer chemotherapy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Side effect of Platelet Enhancers?

A potential side effect of platelet enhancers is fluid overload.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What causes Anemia?

Anemia can be caused by blood loss, erythrocyte destruction, and decreased erythrocyte production due to deficiencies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Supplements (Oral)

Iron fumarate and ferrous sulfate are common oral forms of iron supplementation. They are prescribed for iron deficiency conditions, such as anemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Dextran (IV)

This is an injectable iron supplement administered intravenously. Due to its potential for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), it's given in small doses initially and closely monitored.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ferric Gluconate

Another form of injectable iron, often used for patients undergoing dialysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Sucrose (IV)

This IV iron supplement is given slowly, due to the risk of low blood pressure (hypotension). It's suitable for both individuals with and without kidney disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Absorption: Best Location?

The duodenum and proximal jejunum are the optimal locations for iron absorption. Enteric-coated or sustained-release iron preparations are counterproductive because they delay release, interfering with absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron Absorption Enhancements

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) increases iron absorption. Antacids, on the other hand, decrease iron absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron and Other Drug Interactions

Iron can interfere with the absorption of other medications, including tetracyclines and quinolones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iron and Antacids/Milk

Giving iron supplements along with large amounts of antacids or milk is NOT recommended, as these substances hinder iron absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Alternative Therapies, Nutritional, Hematopoietic Disorders

Herbs and Their Treatments

  • Aloe vera treats skin and burns

  • Cranberry treats UTIs and colds

  • Echinacea treats immune system support

  • Garlic treats cholesterol, blood pressure, anticoagulation, antiemetics, and inflammation

  • Ginger treats nausea and inflammation, increases blood glucose

  • Ginseng treats stress, immune system, fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and prevents CAD (coronary artery disease)

  • Soy treats menopausal symptoms, prevents CAD, and is anticancer

  • St. John's Wort treats depression, anxiety, and inflammation

Serious Interactions

  • Anticoagulants
  • Insulin
  • Digoxin

Vitamins

  • Water-soluble vitamins: B complex and vitamin C; replenish daily; exception - B12 stored in liver
  • Fat-soluble vitamins: ADEK; require intermittent renewal; stored in liver and adipose tissue

Minerals

  • Two functions of minerals: ions of electrolytes in body fluids and bound to organic molecules (hemoglobin, phospholipids, enzymes)
  • Macro-minerals: calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulphur
  • Microminerals: iron, iodine, fluorine, zinc

Calcium

  • Used for: nerve conduction, muscle contraction, homeostasis
  • Low levels can be due to: lack of calcium intake, lack of vitamin D, chronic diarrhea, decreased parathyroid hormone, fractures, irritability, restless muscles, muscle twitches, cramps, and cardiac abnormalities

Phosphorus

  • Used for: bone formation, component of ATP and nucleic acids, buffer in the blood
  • Manifestations of low levels include: weakness, muscle tremor, anorexia, and bleeding abnormalities

Magnesium

  • Used for: neuromuscular function and activating enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism
  • Manifestations of low levels include: general weakness, dysrhythmias, hypertension, and loss of deep tendon reflexes

Enteral Nutrition

  • Delivers nutrients directly to the stomach through a feeding tube
  • Used when swallowing difficulties prevent adequate oral intake

Parenteral Nutrition

  • Feeding through veins when enteral nutrition is not possible
  • Used when patients cannot tolerate enteral nutrition or have significant undernutrition

Central Parenteral Nutrition

  • Administered through central veins
  • Contains: amino acids, dextrose, lipids, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and electrolytes

Carbohydrates (Role and Side Effects)

  • Role: primary source of calories
  • Side effects: hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (if stopping abruptly)

Lipids (Role and Side Effects)

  • Role: provide energy
  • Cautions: hazardous to patients with liver or pulmonary disease, anemia, blood coagulation disorders, and hyperlipidemia
  • Side effects: may cause fluid volume overload

TPN Components

  • Amino acids
  • Electrolytes and Minerals
  • Vitamins

Electrolytes and Minerals

  • Include: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, acetate, and trace elements
  • Should be monitored

TPN Complications

  • Catheter: infection, pneumothorax/hemothorax, thromboembolism, infection (endocarditis), and arrhythmias
  • Metabolic: fluid volume overload, electrolyte imbalances, high triglycerides, bone disease/demineralization, hepatic steatosis, gallbladder disease

Hematopoiesis

  • Blood cell formation
  • Needs B vitamins, vitamin C, copper, iron, and other components

Anti-Neoplastic Drugs

  • Harmful effect: toxic to bone marrow, causing neutropenia

Erythropoietin (EPO)

  • Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
  • Used to treat anemia

Epoetin Alfa Indications

  • Anemia from: end-stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, zidovudine therapy, and body iron shortages; and appropriate bone marrow function

Epoetin Alfa Contraindications

  • Cancer patients, with hemoglobin above 100 g/L
  • Kidney disease patients, with hemoglobin above 130 g/L

Growth Factors (Role)

  • Control WBC production

Colony Stimulating Factors (Types)

  • Filgrastim, Sargramostim

Nursing Implications for Growth Factors

  • Monitor CBCs

Anemia Causes

  • Blood loss, erythrocyte destruction, and decreased erythrocyte production

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

  • Pernicious/megablastic anemia

Pernicious Anemia Symptoms

  • Large, immature red blood cells; memory loss, confusion, unsteadiness, and numbness/tingling

Folic Acid Deficiency Causes

  • Poor dietary intake
  • Conditions affecting the small intestine
  • Alcoholism
  • Neural tube malformations during pregnancy

Iron Supplementation Methods

  • Ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate (oral)
  • Iron dextran (IV)
  • Ferric Gluconate
  • Iron sucrose (IV)

Enteral Iron Considerations

  • Take iron one hour before meals;
  • May be taken with meals for better absorption or GI comfort
  • Best absorbed in an acidic environment
  • Dilute liquid iron for tooth safety

Iron Drug Interactions

  • Increased absorption with ascorbic acid
  • Decreased absorption with antacids, tetracyclines, and quinolones

Iron in Milk and Antacids

  • Avoid taking iron with large amounts of milk or antacids
  • Maintain an upright position for 30 minutes after oral iron administration

Iron-Rich Foods

  • Leafy green vegetables, dried fruits, beans, meats, and eggs

Iron Stool Color

  • Black or tarry color

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Alternative Therapies Quizlet PDF

Description

Explore the role of herbs, vitamins, and minerals in treating hematopoietic disorders through alternative therapies. This quiz covers specific herbs, their treatments, vitamin types, and potential interactions with medications. Test your knowledge on how these natural remedies can support health and wellbeing.

More Like This

Ayurveda Treatment Components Quiz
12 questions

Ayurveda Quiz: Questions and Answers PDF

PatriCynicalRealism avatar
PatriCynicalRealism
URTIs: Therapeutic Methods and Herbal Remedies
114 questions

URTIs: Therapeutic Methods and Herbal Remedies

HandierMesa avatar
HandierMesa
Ginger Overview and Health Benefits
5 questions

Ginger Overview and Health Benefits

ParamountNephrite9344 avatar
ParamountNephrite9344
Herbal Remedies: Toxicity and Regulations
10 questions

Herbal Remedies: Toxicity and Regulations

HandierJubilation7069 avatar
HandierJubilation7069
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser