Different Therapeutic Modalities PDF

Different therapeutic modalities Community Medicine Department  Objectives 1. Define complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) including homeopathy, herbal medicine & spiritual therapy and discuss its clinical implications. 2. Differentiate between phar...

Different therapeutic modalities Community Medicine Department  Objectives 1. Define complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) including homeopathy, herbal medicine & spiritual therapy and discuss its clinical implications. 2. Differentiate between pharmacological & non- pharmacological therapies. 3. Discuss Role of diet, nutrition & lifestyle changes in management of diseases 4. Define physiotherapy, occupational therapy, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, thermotherapy, mechanical, radiotherapy, laser therapy, nutrition & diet therapy including their clinical significance. 5. Enlist non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities for pain management.  complementary and alternative medicine (WHO 2000) Definition: ❑ A broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country's own tradition and are not integrated into the dominant health care system  Alternative Medicine Definition: Any practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine but is not based on evidence using the scientific methods. It consists of a wide range of health care practices, products and therapies, using alternative medical diagnoses and treatments which typically have not been included in the degree courses of established medical schools or used in conventional medicine  Complementary medicine Definition: is alternative medicine used together with conventional medical treatment in a belief, not proven by using scientific methods, that it "complements" the treatment  Integrative medicine The combination of the practices and methods of alternative medicine with conventional medicine The Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine The Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine  1/ Manipulative and body-based therapy Chiropractic: A system of complementary medicine that maintain a unique focus on spinal manipulation and treatment of surrounding structures Massage therapy Osteopathy: A system of complementary medicine involving the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the skeleton and musculature.  2/ Energy Medicine therapies affecting “body energy fields” (qi gong, healing touch, Reiki) or unconventional use of electro-magnetic fields can channel healing energy into the person seeking help by different methods: hands-on, and distant (or absent) where the patient and healer are in different locations.  3/ Biologically based practices Biologically based therapies use naturally occurring substances, include: - Biologic therapies (such as using shark cartilage to treat cancer) - Herbal remedies: green tea, Food as healing agents Many biologically based therapies have not been shown to be effective, most controversial and no evidence  4/ Mind-Body Medicine Techniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms (prayers, meditation, mental healing) Activities that involve quieting the mind  M/B INTERVENTIONS Methods by which an individual can consciously control some sympathetic nervous system functions Self-regulatory techniques include meditation, relaxation, imagery, biofeedback, hypnosis and spiritual therapies Differentiate between pharmacological & non- pharmacological therapies  Differentiate between pharmacological & non- pharmacological therapies Item Pharmacological therapies Non-pharmacological therapies Evidence Always present Less present Direct clinical practice Present Absent Practioners Medical personnel General public+ M. personnel Site for education big institutes Small settings Part of health system Yes No Training Developed Less developed (limited) Accreditation Present Absent Gov. financial Supp Present Absent Evaluation Present, including external Not present in most cases Diet, nutrition and Life style change and management of diseases  Diet, nutrition and Life style change and management of diseases Obesity: Give examples of how can diet, nutrition and life style modification prevent obesity:  Nonpharmacologic therapeutic modalities for pain management Physiotherapy- treatment/ pain relief of disease/ injury by physical methods such as massage, heat therapy (Thermotherapy), cryotherapy or exercise, electrotherapy, etc other examples include; Ultrasound 1. Therapeutic effect achieved by using high frequency sound waves which enhance the healing process in injured organs or tissues of the body 2. The mechanical and thermal actions of ultrasound applications lead to physicochemical reactions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels resulting in the treatment effect Electrostimulation 1. Uses various types of electrical currents (e.g. TENS(transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation), Russian, Galvanic, Diadynamic etc.) to stimulate the body’s organs and systems  References Suggested reading: Mosby's complimentary & Alternative medicine 3rd edition Katzung Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 15th edition- THANKS