Bio 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) PDF Quizlet

1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Name: Score: 20 Multiple choice questions Definition...

1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Name: Score: 20 Multiple choice questions Definition 1 of 20 Hormone Involved: Insulin Cause: Pancreatic cells damaged/auto-immune disease. Sign/Symptoms: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Nausea, fatigue. Treatment: Monitor of blood glucose; insulin injection. Type 2 (hypersecretion) Diabetes Gestational diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Type 1 (Hyposecretion) Diabetes Definition 2 of 20 Downgrowth of hypothalamic neural tissue Neural connection to hypothalamus via (hypothalmic-hypophyseal tract) Nuclei of hypothalamus synthesize neurohormones (Oxytocin and ADH) Neurohormones transported and stored in posterior pituitary Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Cerebellum Thalamus https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 1/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 3 of 20 In females, LH helps mature follicles of eggs, triggers ovulation and release of estrogen and progesterone In males, LH stimulates production of testosterone Thyroid Gland hormones Growth Hormone disorders Gonadal Hormone production Anterior Pituitary hormones Definition 4 of 20 Adrenal Gland Condition Autoimmune disorder Deficient aldosterone Weight loss, severe dehydration, hypotension (poor cardiac output), muscles weak Crushing syndrome Addison's disease Diabetes mellitus Hyperthyroidism https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 2/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 5 of 20 Major target is liver Causes increase blood glucose levels Regulation: Humoral stimuli (homeostatic balance of blood glucose levels) Parathyroid Hormone Glucagon Insulin Calcitonin https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 3/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 6 of 20 Regulates electrolytes (Na and K) H2O Follows Na+ Aldosterone most potent mineralocorticoid - Stimulates sodium ion reabsorption and water retention by kidneys; elimination of potassium ions + Conserve Na, Excrete K+ - Release triggered by: 1. Decreasing blood volume and blood pressure 2. Rising blood levels of potassium ion - Regulation: Humoral Stimuli (homeostatic balance of blood volume, BP, and levels of K+) Diabetes Mellitus Gonadocorticoids Adrenal cortex Mineralocorticoids Definition 7 of 20 Anti-Diuretic hormone and Oxytocin Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland Vitamins in the Endocrine System Neurotransmitters of the Central Nervous System Enzymes of the Digestive System https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 4/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 8 of 20 Adrenal Gland Condition Tumor in pituitary, adrenal gland; too much medication High glucose blood levels, loss in muscle and protein, salt/water retention. "buffalo hump" is redistributed to fat to posterior neck Crushing syndrome Acromegaly Addison's disease Thyroid gland Definition 9 of 20 2 distinct portions (lobes) - Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) + Grandular tissue - Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) + Neural tissue Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 5/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 10 of 20 - Secreted when blood glucose levels increase Effects: Lowers blood glucose levels Enhances membrane transport of glucose into fatty acids and stored in muscle cells Inhibits liver from producing more glucose Participates in neural development and learning and memory Insulin not needed for glucose uptake in liver, kidney, brain Regulation: Humoral Stimuli (homeostatic balance of blood glucose levels) Parathyroid Hormone Glucagon Insulin Calcitonin https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 6/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 11 of 20 GH (Somatotropin) Source: Anterior Pituitary Target: (primary) - All cell, Bone and skeletal muscles most affected Function: - Directs action- on fat and carbohydrates metabolism - Indirect action- liver, skeletal muscle + Makes insulin-like growth factors = stimulating nutrient uptake, formation of collagen, bone deposit Regulation: Hormonal stimuli - GHRH, GHIH (somatostatin) from hypothalamus - Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland (GH) Adrenal cortex Thyroid Hormone (TH) Parathyroid Hormone Growth Hormone (GH) https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 7/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 12 of 20 Most significant in humans Released in response to ACTH, Patterns of eating and activity, and stress Target: Liver, Fat, Muscle Functions: - Increases glucose synthesis (liver) - Gluconeogenesis promotes glucose, fatty acids, and AA - helps with stress ("glucose for the brain") Regulation: Hormonal stimuli - ACTH from Ant Pit Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Anterior Pituitary Hormones Cortisol (hydrocortisone) Type 2 (Hypoactivity) Diabetes Definition 13 of 20 Target: - Uterus and breast Functions: - Stimulates labor (smooth muscle contraction) and milk ejection Regulation: - Neural stimuli triggered by sensory information of baby/suckling or stretch receptors in uterine walls/cervix Oxytocin Glucagon Calcitonin Insulin https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 8/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 14 of 20 Target: - Kidney Functions: - Reduces water loss (inhibits urination); essential for water balance in body - Causes smooth muscle contraction (increases BP) Regulation: - Neural stimuli based on info from osmoreceptors Thyroid Gland Hormones Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Definition 15 of 20 Sit atop each kidney Two organs: - Adrenal medulla - Adrenal cortex Pituitary Gland T4 (Thyroxine) Adrenal Glands Adrenal cortex https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 9/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 16 of 20 Increases metabolism by increasing the rate of burning carbohydrates (Hyperthyroidism) Increases heat production (body temp) Increases growth (skeletal and nervous system), stimulates development (fetus) Maintains BP Regulation: Hormonal stimuli Pancreatic Islets Gonadal Hormone Production TH Function Thyroid Hormone (th) Definition 17 of 20 Two lateral lobes connected by the isthmus On trachea, inferior to larynx Follicular cells produce thyroglobulin Colloid Filled Follicles- add iodine to thyroglobulin - Thyroid hormone precursor Parafollicular cells produce Calcitonin (↓ blood calcium levels Adrenal Glands Thyroid Gland Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 10/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 18 of 20 Gigantism - Hyper-secretion of GH in children Acromegaly - Hyper-secretion of GH in adults Pituitary dwarfism - hypo-secretion of GH in childern Osteoporosis Epilepsy Growth Hormone Disorders Addison Disease Symptoms Definition 19 of 20 Thyroid Gland Hormones Produced by parafollicular cells of the Thyroid Gland Target: Bone, kidney Functions: - Lowers Blood Ca by increasing bone uptake - increases kidney excretion of Ca Regulation: Humoral stimulation (homeostatic balance Ca) Calcitonin Oxytocin Pancreas- Addison's disease https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 11/12 1/28/25, 7:22 PM BIO 168 Week 1 Pt. 2 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 20 of 20 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland Myxedema (adults): low metabolic rate, cold sensitivity, poor appetite, sluggishness Cretinism (infants): Stunted growth, abnormal bone formation, mental retardation, sluggishness Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Hypoglycemia Hypothyroidism Privacy Terms English (USA) https://quizlet.com/565068143/test?funnelUUID=40c4373c-0807-46ea-85a1-567de2dd2cb7 12/12