Animal Room Environment Parameters PDF

“ Macroenvironment: The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat) Guide, 8th Edition ”  Determining Animal Room Environment Parameters 1. What to Monitor 2....

“ Macroenvironment: The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat) Guide, 8th Edition ”  Determining Animal Room Environment Parameters 1. What to Monitor 2. Setpoints 3. Methods of Monitoring 4. How Often to Monitor Determining What to Monitor  Basics  Temperature, Humidity  Ventilation, Air Quality  Lighting  Noise, Vibration  Additional Considerations  Life Support  Physical Plant 3  Determining Setpoints versus What is the Minimum  Temperature: Table  Humidity: 30-70%  Ventilation: 10-15 fresh air changes/hr. 4 “ ” Guide, 8th Edition in response to Air Quality  Determining Setpoints versus What is the Minimum  Lighting: lux, foot candles  Noise: maximum 85 decibel  Vibration: “attempts should be made to identify all vibration sources and isolate or dampen them with vibration suppression systems” Level (lux) Location 325 1 m above floor Up to 400 1 m above floor empty room 130-325 Cage Level 6  Life Support and Physical Plant Life Support Physical Plant  Maintenance  Building materials:  Replacement  Efficient and hygienic?  Doors, Windows, Corridors,  Backup power Floors  Heating  Drainage  Cooling  Durability  Lighting  Moisture proof  Security  Vermin proof  Fire resistant  Location  Related to General Population  Basement v Upper Floor 7  Determining Methods of Monitoring & Trend Tracking  Physical Monitoring  Online/Digital Monitoring  Benefits  Benefits  Negatives  Negatives  Notification of Issues  Notification of Issues 8  Why Monitoring & Trend Tracking Matters Light (lux) 600 Light (lux) 350 500 300 250 400 200 300 150 200 100 100 50 0 0 AM AM AM AM AM AM PM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 :0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 0:0 9:5 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :5 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 10 12 02 04 06 08 10 11 9  Importance of Planning “ Assessment of the potential effects of noise on an animal warrants consideration of the intensity, frequency, rapidity of onset, duration, and vibration potential of the sound and the hearing range, noise exposure history, and sound effect susceptibility of the species, stock, or strain. Similarly, occupational exposure to animal or animal care practices that ” generate noise may be of concern for personnel and, if of sufficient intensity, may warrant hearing protection. Guide 8th Edition 10 “ Microenvironment: The immediate physical environment surrounding the animal (i.e.., the environment in ” the primary enclosure such as the cage, pen, or stall). Guide, 8th Edition  Quick Comparison Macro Environment Micro Environment  “The physical environment of the  “The immediate physical environment secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a surrounding the animal (i.e.., the barn, or an outdoor habitat)” environment in the primary enclosure such as the cage, pen, or stall)”  Basics  “…provide sufficient space as well as  Temperature, Humidity supplementary structures and resources required to meet physical, physiologic,  Ventilation, Air Quality and behavioral needs. Environments that  Lighting fail to meet the animals’ needs may result in abnormal brain development,  Noise, Vibration physiologic dysfunction, and behavioral  Additional Considerations disorders that may compromise both animal well-being and scientific validity.  Life Support The primary enclosure or space may need  Physical Plant to be enriched to prevent such effects..”  Macro Environment items at cage level Micro Environment Factors to Consider  Physical Factors of Housing  Bedding, Food, Water Sourcing  Enrichment  Housing Density  Cleaning Frequency  Species Specific Behavior & Special Considerations  Physical Factors of Housing  Toxicity: NONE!!!!!!!  Security  Prevent Escape  Prevent Entrapment  Durability  Lack Of Corrosion/Rusting  Stand Up to Regular Cleaning & Handling  Design  Sharp Edges  Impair Ability to Disinfect/Sanitize  Accessibility to Food & Water  Static, Individually Ventilated Caging (IVC), Large Animal System  Floor Type:  Slip Resistant  Solid, Perforated, Slated  Smooth, Texture 14  Sourcing Food  Palatable  Uncontaminated  Meet Nutritional & Behavioral Needs  Food Type: Natural Ingredient, Certified, Purified, Chemically Defined, Irradiated, Fortified, Extruded 15  Sourcing Bedding  Allow Species Specific Behavior  Absorb Urine & Feces  Decrease Microorganism Growth, Gas Buildup (ammonia, CO2)  Bedding Type  Paper (white, newspaper)  Wood: aspen, pine, beech/birch/maple blend  Bed-o’Cob  Enrichment mixed in or not 16  Sourcing Water  Drinking Source: Bottle or Automatic  Potable & Uncontaminated  Water Source: Well, Municipal, etc.  Water Treatment  Filtered (what do you filter out?)  Autoclaved  Acidified 17  Enrichment Factors “…primary aim of environmental enrichment is to enhance animal well-being by providing animals with sensory and motor stimulation, through structures and resources that facilitate the expression of species- typical behaviors and promote psychological well-being through physical exercise, manipulative activities, and cognitive challenges according to species-specific characteristics..”  Species Specific Behaviors occurring?  Enhance NOT Stress  Rotation/Replacement  Provide Choice/Ability to Control  Impact to Overall Health  Aggression  Excessive Calories  Physical Damage to Body  Social Interaction  Humans  Own Species  Other Species 18 Housing Density Factors  Social Needs  Naturally Social?  Territorial Behavior or Communal?  Age  Weight  Sex  Experimental Needs 19  Cleaning Frequency Factors  Housing Density  Husbandry Practices  Caging Type  Static  IVC: Individual Ventilated Caging  Large Animal System  Cage Parts  Bottom  Wire Bar Lid  Lid/Filter Top  Water Bottle  Kennels  Pans 20 Species Specific Behavior & Special Considerations  Predator or Prey?  Innate Fear Response  Mice & Marbles  Monkey & Snakes  Social Needs  Naturally Social?  Territorial Behavior or Communal?  Foraging Behavior  Nesting Behavior  Remote Monitoring within Cage  Nude Mice Go to links: https://youtu.be/wiF19ozqWeM?feature=shared https://youtu.be/CZ6R63pXKSQ?feature=shared https://youtu.be/FMvErQ7tPP4?feature=shared 21  Macro Intermingling with Micro with Varying Responses  Humidity  Ventilation  Temperature  Majority in Research are Poikilotherm: An animal that varies its internal body temperature within a wide range of temperatures, usually as a result of variation in the environmental temperature  Room Temp, Room Water Temp, & Tank Water Temp Must Work Together  Noise & Vibration Through Water  Lighting Concerns  Physical Plant  Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial  Additional Concern  Housing-Ability Keep Clean, Density  Enrichment for Reproduction & Needs  Safety Considerations  Latex Gloves  Chemical/Cleaning Agents 22 Macro Intermingling with Micro with Varying Responses  Cleaning Frequency  Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial  Additional Concerns  Basic Food Considerations  Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial  Additional Concerns: Methods & Frequency,  Determining Type of Food  Providing Food 23  Life Support System (LSS)  Same Factors as Terrestrial with Additional Component of WATER LSS  Water Source for Water LSS  Uncontaminated  Toxin Leeching Risk Assessment  Surface, Protected (Well, Aquifer), Municipal, Artificial (Reverse Osmosis, Distilled)  System Maintenance  Water Treatment  Filter Maintenance  6 Gases & Wastes Tracking, Concerns  Water and/or Electricity Loss  3 Types of Water LSS  4 Types of Water Filtration Within LSS 3 Types of Water LSS Water Filtration within LSS 1. Biofilter 2. Carbon Filter 3. UV 4. Ozone  6 Concerns within LSS 1. salt (conductivity, salinity) 2. pH 3. Nitrogenous Waste Buildup 4. Dissolved Oxygen 5. Total Gas Pressure 6. Chlorine  6 Concerns within LSS 1. salt (conductivity, salinity) 2. pH 3. Nitrogenous Waste Buildup 4. Dissolved Oxygen 5. Total Gas Pressure 6. Chlorine