Quick Revision Mass Comm PDF

## Last Minute Study Material- Mass Communication- NET-JRF ### Central Universities in India | No. | State | Central University | |---|---|---| | 1. | Arunachal Pradesh | Rajiv Gandhi University | | 2. | Assam | Assam University(Silchar), Tejpur University | | 3. | Telangana | University of Hydera...

## Last Minute Study Material- Mass Communication- NET-JRF ### Central Universities in India | No. | State | Central University | |---|---|---| | 1. | Arunachal Pradesh | Rajiv Gandhi University | | 2. | Assam | Assam University(Silchar), Tejpur University | | 3. | Telangana | University of Hyderabad, Maulana Azad National Urdu University (Gachibowli), English and Foreign Languages University (Hyderabad). | | 4. | Delhi | Jamia Millia Islamia, University of Delhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Indira Gandhi National Open University, South Asian University. | | 5. | Madhya Pradesh | The Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (Amarkantak) | | 6. | Mizoram | Mizoram University | | 7. | Meghalaya | North Eastern Hill University | | 8. | Manipur | Manipur University, Central Agricultural University | | 9. | Nagaland | Nagaland University | | 10. | Pondicherry | Pondicherry University | | 11. | Sikkim | Sikkim University | | 12. | Tripura | Tripura University | | 13. | Uttar Pradesh | Aligarh Muslim University, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Banaras Hindu University, University of Allahabad, Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University, Rani Lakshmibai Central Agricultural University, Visva Bharati | | 14. | West Bengal | Visva Bharati | | 15. | Uttarakhand | Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University | | 16. | Tamil Nadu | Central University of Tamil Nadu, Indian Maritime University | | 17. | Rajasthan | Central University of Rajasthan | | 18. | Punjab | Central University of Punjab | | 19. | Orissa | Central University of Orissa | | 20. | Kerala | Central University of Kerala | | 21. | Karnataka | Central University of Karnataka | | 22. | Jharkhand | Central University of Jharkhand | | 23. | Jammu & Kashmir | Central University of Kashmir, Central University of Jammu | | 24. | Himachal Pradesh | Central University of Himachal Pradesh | | 25. | Haryana | Central University of Haryana | | 26. | Chhattisgarh | Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya | | 27. | Bihar | Central University of Bihar, Nalanda University, Mahatma Gandhi Central University | | 28. | Gujarat | Central University of Gujarat | ### Chair Persons of Press Council of India | No. | Chairman | Term | |---|---|---| | 1. | Justice JR Mudholkar | (1966-68) | | 2. | Justice N Rajagopala Ayyangar | (1968-76) | | 3. | Justice AN Grover | (1979-85) | | 4. | Justice AN Sen | (1979-85) | | 5. | Justice RS Sarkaria | (1989-95) | | 6. | Justice PB Sawant | (1995-2001) | | 7. | Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy | (2001-2005) | | 8. | Justice G.N Ray | (2005-2011) | | 9. | Justice Markandey Katju | (2011-2015) | | 10. | Justice Chandramauli kr. Prasad | (2015- till date) | ### Dada Saheb Phalke Award Winners | No. | Ceremonial Year | Recipient | |---|---|---| | 1. | 2019 (67th) | Rajnikanth | | 2. | 2018 (66th) | Amitabh Bachchan | | 3. | 2017 (65th) | Vinod Khanna | | 4. | 2016 (64th) | Kasinathuni Viswanath | | 5. | 2015 (63rd) | Manoj Kumar | | 6. | 2014 (62nd) | Shashi Kapoor | | 7. | 2013 (61st) | Gulzar | | 8. | 2012 (60th) | Pran | | 9. | 2011 (59th) | Soumitra Chatterjee | | 10. | 2010 (58th) | K. Balachander | | 11. | 2009 (57th) | D. Ramanaidu | | 12. | 2008 (56th) | V. K. Murthy | | 13. | 2007(55th) | Manna Dey | | 14. | 2006 (54th) | Tapan Sinha | | 15. | 2005 (53rd) | Shyam Benegal | | 16. | 2004 (52nd) | Adoor Gopalakrishnan | | 17. | 2003 (51st) | Mrinal Sen | | 18. | 2002 (50th) | Dev Anand | | 19. | 2001 (49th) | Yash Chopra | | 20. | 2000 (48th) | Asha Bhosle | | 21. | 1999 (47th) | Hrishikesh Mukherjee | | 22. | 1998 (46th) | B. R. Chopra | | 23. | 1997 (45th) | Kavi Pradeep | | 24. | 1996 (44th) | Sivaji Ganesan | | 25. | 1995 (43rd) | Rajkumar | | 26. | 1994 (42nd) | Dilip Kumar | | 27. | 1993 (41st) | Majrooh Sultanpuri | | 28. | 1992 (40th) | Bhupen Hazarika | | 29. | 1991 (39th) | Bhalji Pendharkar | | 30. | 1990 (38th) | Akkineni Nageswara Rao | | 31. | 1989 (37th) | Lata Mangeshkar | | 32. | 1988 (36th) | Ashok Kumar | | 33. | 1987 (35th) | Raj Kapoor | | 34. | 1986 (34th) | B. Nagi Reddy | | 35. | 1985 (33rd) | V. Shantaram | | 36. | 1984 (32nd) | Satyajit Ray | | 37. | 1983 (31st) | Durga Khote | | 38. | 1982 (30th) | L. V. Prasad | | 39. | 1981 (29th) | Naushad | | 40. | 1980 (28th) | Paidi Jairaj | | 41. | 1979 (27th) | Sohrab Modi | | 42. | 1978 (26th) | Raichand Boral | | 43. | 1977 (25th) | Nitin Bose | | 44. | 1976 (24th) | Kanan Devi | | 45. | 1975 (23rd) | Dhirendra Nath Ganguly | | 46. | 1974 (22nd) | Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy | | 47. | 1973 (21st) | Ruby Myers (Sulochana) | | 48. | 1972 (20th) | Pankaj Mullick | | 49. | 1971 (19th) | Prithviraj Kapoor | | 50. | 1970 (18th) | Birendranath Sircar | | 51. | 1969 (17th) | Devika Rani | ### Famous Books & Authors | No. | Books | Authors | |---|---|---| | 1. | Beyond The Lines: An Autobiography | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 2. | In Jail | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 3. | Tales Of Two Cities | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 4. | India After Nehru | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 5. | India House | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 6. | The Judgment: Inside Story Of Emergency | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 7. | Tragedy Of Punjab: Operation Blue Star | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 8. | Distant Neighbors: A Tale Of Subcontinent | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 9. | Scoop | Kuldeep Nayyar | | 10. | The Good, The Bad, And The Ridiculous | Khuswant Singh | | 11. | The Portrait Of A Lady | Khuswant Singh | | 12. | Death At My Door Step | Khuswant Singh | | 13. | Train To Pakistan | Khuswant Singh | | 14. | A History Of Sikhs | Khuswant Singh | | 15. | I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale | Khuswant Singh | | 16. | Why I Supported The Emergency | Khuswant Singh | | 17. | The End Of India | Khuswant Singh | | 18. | We Indians | Khuswant Singh | | 19. | Land Of Five Rivers | Khuswant Singh | | 20. | Obama's Wars | Bob Woodward | | 21. | Bush At War | Bob Woodward | | 22. | Plan Of Attack | Bob Woodward | | 23. | The Price Of Politics | Bob Woodward | | 24. | The Final Days | Bob Woodward | | 25. | All The President's Men | Bob Woodward | | 26. | Waters Of Hope | B. G Verghese | | 27. | Winning The Future | B. G Verghese | | 28. | Namesake | Jhumpa Lahidi | | 29. | Social Marketing | Philip Kotler | | 30. | Handbook Of Public Relation | Philip Lessely | | 31. | Handbook Of Public Relation | Sam Black | | 32. | Mass Media And National Development | Wilbur Schramm | | 33. | Asian Drama | Gurnal Mirdal | | 34. | The Passing Of Traditional Society | Daniel Learner | | 35. | The Social Construction Of Reality | Peter L. Berger And Thomas Luckman | | 36. | The War Of The Worlds | H.G Wells | | 37. | Understanding Media: The Extension Of Man | Marshall Mcluhan | | 38. | Media Ecology | Marshall Mac Luhan | | 39. | No Full Stops In India | Mark Tully | | 40. | India In Slow Motion | Mark Tully | | 41. | The Heart Of India | Mark Tully | | 42. | Non-Stop India | Mark Tully | | 43. | 26/11: The Attack On Mumbai | Veer Sanghvi | | 44. | Men Of Steel | Veer Sanghvi | | 45. | Rude Food | Veer Sanghvi | | 46. | India Then And Now | Veer Sanghvi | | 47. | Communication For Development: One World, | Jan Servaes | | 48. | Multiple Culture | Bella Mody | | 49. | Designing Message For Development | Bella Mody | | 50. | Communication: An Audience Participation Devi | Mrinal Pande | | 51. | Daughter's Daughter | Mrinal Pande | | 52. | The Subject Is Woman | Mrinal Pande | | 53. | My Own Witness | Mrinal Pande | | 54. | A Bend In The River | V S Naipaul | | 55. | Half A Life | V S Naipaul | | 56. | Magic Seeds | V S Naipaul | | 57. | A Congo Diary | V S Naipaul | | 58. | Anticipating India | Shekhar Gupta | | 59. | Island Of Blood | Anita Pratap | | 60. | Corporate Media, Elite Media | Noam Chomsky | | 61. | The End Of Ideology | Daniel Bell | | 62. | Public Opinion | Walter Lippman | | 63. | Meaning Of Meaning | I A Richards | | 64. | Media Ecology | Jurgen Habermas | | 65. | The Media Equation | Byron Reeves | | 66. | Chitra | Rabindranath Tagore | | 67. | Devdas | Sarat Chandra Chatterjee | | 68. | Durgesh Nanidini | Bankim Chandra Chatterjee | | 69. | Gandevata | Tara Shankar Bandopadhyay | | 70. | Crystallising Public Opinion | Edward L Bernays | | 71. | The Power Of Corporate Communication | Paul A Argenti | | 72. | Effective Public Relations | Scott M Cutlip | | 73. | Public Relation Strategy | Sandra Oliver | | 74. | Wealth Of Nations | Adam Smith | | 75. | Power Plays | John Fiske | | 76. | Power Works | John Fiske | | 77. | Understanding Popular Culture | John Fiske | | 78. | Reading the Popular | John Fiske | | 79. | Television Culture | John Fiske | | 80. | Cultural Autonomy in Global Communication | Cees Hamelink | | 81. | Finance and Information | Cees Hamelink | | 82. | The Technology Gamble | Cees Hamelink | | 83. | The End of Ideology | Daniel Bell | | 84. | The Coming of Post-Industrial Society | Daniel Bell | | 85. | The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism | Daniel Bell | | 86. | The Overstory | Richard Powers | | 87. | Mind Without Fear | Rajat Gupta | | 88. | Changing India | Dr. Manmohan Singh | | 89. | We are Displaced | Malala Yusufzai | | 90. | Every Vote Counts | Navin Chawla | | 91. | The Third Wave | Alvin Toffler | | 92. | Television: The Critical View | Horace Newcomb | | 93. | Culture Inc | Herbert Schiller | | 94. | Seeing and Believing | Greg Philo | | 95. | Desperately Seeking Audience | Ien Ang | | 96. | Warrior of the Fourth Estate | B. G Verghese | | 97. | Future Shock | Alvin Toffler | | 98. | The Road Ahead | Bill Gates | | 99. | India's Newspaper Revolution | Robin Jeffrey | | 100. | Small is Beautiful | E. F. Schumacher | | 101. | Indian Media Business | Vanita Kohli | | 102. | The World is Flat | Thomas Friedman | | 103. | Aeropagitica | John Milton | | 104. | On Liberty | John Stuart Mill | | 105. | Men, Media and Messages | Wilbur Schramm | | 106. | India on Television | Nalin Mehta | | 107. | The Postmodern Condition | J. F Lyotard | | 108. | The agents of Power: The Role of the News | J. H Altschull | | 109. | Media in Human Affairs | | ### Famous Author's Focus Area | No. | Authors | Focused Area | |---|---|---| | 1. | Jacques Derrida | Dismantling structure in text | | 2. | Noam Chomsky | Text linguistics | | 3. | Van Dijk | Discourse analysis | | 4. | Ferdinand de Saussure | Network of signs | | 5. | Elihu Katz | Influence of opinion leaders | | 6. | Cl Hovland | Limited persuasive effect of media | | 7. | Joseph T Klapper | Selective exposure | | 8. | P Lazarsfeld | Voter Study | | 9. | Durga Das | Political commentator | | 10. | Mario Miranda | Cartoonist | | 11. | CY Chintamani | Editor | | 12. | Melvil Demellow | Broadcaster | | 13. | Volney B Palmer | Advertising | | 14. | Tim Berners Lee | Web | | 15. | Joseph Pulitzer | New Journalism | | 16. | DW Griffith | Film | ### Famous Folk Dances of India | No. | State | Folk dance | |---|---|---| | 1. | Andhra Pradesh | Burrakatha, Veeranatyam, Boomalatatam | | 2. | Arunachal Pradesh | Bardo Chham | | 3. | Assam | Jhumur, Bihu, Bhortal Nritya, Bhaona | | 4. | Goa | Fudgi | | 5. | Gujrat | Tippani Dance | | 6. | Haryana | Saang, Rasleela, Dhamal Dance, Manjira, Goga | | 7. | Karnatka | Veeragase, Dollu Kunitha, Yakshagana | | 8. | Jammu and Kashmir | Bhand Pathar, Dumhal | | 9. | Kerala | Kathakkali, Chakyar Koothu, Duffmuttu, Margam kali,Oppana, Padayani, Theyyam, Thirayattam, Thitambu Nritham, Pauli Kali | | 10. | Madhya Pradesh | Grida dance, Maanch, Matki, Phulpati | | 11. | Maharashtra | Pavrinach, Lavani, Tamasha | | 12. | Mizoram | Cheraw Dance | | 13. | Nagaland | Chang Lo | | 14. | Odisha | Ghumra, Goti Pua, Baagh Naach, Dhaap, Karma Naach | | 15. | Puducherry | Garadi | | 16. | Punjab | Giddha, Kikkli | | 17. | Rajsthan | Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Kachchhi Ghodi, Tera Tali | | 18. | Sikkim | Singhi Chham | | 19. | Tripura | Hojagiri | | 20. | Uttar Pradesh | Nautanki, Peacock Dance, Charukala, Ramleela | | 21. | W. Bengal | Jatra, Alkap, Domni | | 22. | Tamilnadu | Terukuttu | ### Famous News Agency | No. | News Agency | Country | |---|---|---| | 1. | Agence France Press (AFP) | France (1835) | | 2. | Associated Press (AP) | United States (1846) | | 3. | Wolf Telegraphic Bureau (WTB) | Germany (1849-1933) | | 4. | Reuters | Britain (1851) | | 5. | The Press Association (PA) | United Kingdom (1868) | | 6. | TASS | Russia (1904) | | 7. | United Press International (UPI) | United States (1907) | | 8. | International News Service | United States (1909) | | 9. | Toho | Japan (1911-1925) | | 10. | Telegraphen Union (TU) | Germany (1921-1933) | | 11. | Central News Agency (CNA) | China (1924) | | 12. | Xinhua | China (1931) | | 13. | United Press of India (UPI) | India (1933) | | 14. | Australian Associated Press (AAP) | Australia (1935) | | 15. | ANTARA | Indonesia (1937) | | 16. | EFE | Spain (1938) | | 17. | PT (Press Telegraph) | Norway (1938) | | 18. | Taanjung | Yugoslavia (1943) | | 19. | Kyodo | Japan (1945) | | 20. | Radio Press | Japan (1945) | | 21. | Jiji Press | Japan (1945) | | 22. | ANSA | Italy (1945) | | 23. | DPA | Germany (1949) | | 24. | Pananews | Hongkong (1949) | | 25. | PTI | India (1949) | | 26. | APP (Associated Press of Pakistan) | Pakistan (1949) | | 27. | UNI | India (1961) | | 28. | Inter Press Service (IPS) | Global News Agency | | 29. | PANA | UNESCO (1979) | | 30. | BERNAMA | Malaysia | | 31. | Al Jazeera | Qatar | | 32. | Pan Africal News Agency (PANA) | Dakar, Senegal | | 33. | MENA | Egypt | | 34. | Pakistan Press International (PPI) | Pakistan | | 35. | WAFA | Palestinian | | 36. | IRNA | Iran | | 37. | Notimex | Mexico | | 38. | Saba News Agency | Yemen | | 39. | Novosti | Russia | | 40. | Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) | Syria | ### Famous Newspapers of the World | No. | Newspaper | Published from | |---|---|---| | 1. | The Scot | Scotland | | 2. | The Lady's | England | | 3. | The Atlantic | America | | 4. | The Gentle | England | | 5. | The Times | England | | 6. | AL HA-RAM | Egypt | | 7. | Le Monde | France | | 8. | The Dawn | Pakistan | | 9. | Reference News | China | | 10. | People's Daily | China | | 11. | The Sun | UK | | 12. | Daily Mirror | UK | | 13. | Bild | Germany | | 14. | Izvestia | Russia | | 15. | Asahi Shimbun | Japan | | 16. | Yomiuri Shimbun | Japan | | 17. | The Wall Street Journal | USA | | 18. | The New York Times | USA | | 19. | Daily News | USA | | 20. | The Examiner | USA | | 21. | The Hill | United States | | 22. | Newsday | United States | | 23. | The Washington Post | United States | | 24. | The Onion | United States | | 25. | Zaman | Turkey | | 26. | The Daily Mail | United Kingdom | | 27. | The Guardian | United Kingdom | | 28. | The Independent | United Kingdom | | 29. | Financial Times | United Kingdom | | 30. | Daily Express | United Kingdom | | 31. | El Mundo | Spain | | 32. | Liberty Times | Taiwan | | 33. | The Indian Express | India | | 34. | Business Standard | India | | 35. | The Hindustan Times | India | | 36. | The Hindu | India | | 37. | National Post | Canada | | 38. | ABC | Spain | | 39. | The Age | Australia | | 40. | La Republica | Italy | ### Famous Author's Concept/Idea | No. | Authors | Idea | |---|---|---| | 1. | Roland Barthes | Anchorage | | 2. | Stuart Hall | Negotiated Code | | 3. | John Fiske | Communication test | | 4. | F Parkin | Radical System | | 5. | Guy Debord | Society of spectacle | | 6. | Theodor Adorno | Media as cultural Industry | | 7. | James W Carey | Ritual view of communication | | 8. | Umberto Eco | Mediated hyper-reality | | 9. | EF Schumacher | Intermediate technology | | 10. | Julius Nyrere | Popular Participation in development | | 11. | Mahatma Gandhi | Basic needs fulfillment | | 12. | Robert Hornik | Change in power relations for development | | 13. | Daniel Lerner | Modernizing variables and Empathy | | 14. | Robert McNamara | Integrated rural development | | 15. | Ryan and Gross | Diffusion of innovation | | 16. | EM Rogers | Change agent and Laggards | | 17. | Donald Shaw and Maxwell McCombs | Priming | | 18. | Antonio Gramsci | Coercion and consent | | 19. | Wilbur Schramm | Frames of reference | | 20. | George Gerbner | Resonance | | 21. | WW Rostow | Growth Theory | | 22. | Shannon and Weaver | Entropy | | 23. | Marshall McLuhan | Medium is the Message | | 24. | Herbert Spencer | Evolutionary Perspective | | 25. | John Fiske | Popular culture and TV | | 26. | Henry Jenkins | Fan Culture | | 27. | Michael Foucalt | Omnipresence of power | | 28. | Jacques Derrida | Deconstruction of text | | 29. | Dependency | Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur | | 30. | Daniel Bell | Post- industrial society | | 31. | J. Habermas | Public Sphere | | 32. | Alvin Tottler | Third Wave | | 33. | Joseph Schumpeter | Austrian School | | 34. | Thorstein Veblen | Technological Determinism (coined the term) | | 35. | Daniel Boorstin | Simulation theory | | 36. | Noam Chomsky | Flak | | 37. | Philip Schlesinger | Mythical time factor | | 38. | Denis McQuail | Technological Determinism | | 39. | Leon Festinger | Cognitive dissonance | | 40. | Wilbur Schramm | Circular Model | | 41. | Riley and Riley | Ritual Model | | 42. | Frank Dance | Helical Model | | 43. | Elizabeth Neuman | Spiral of Silence | | 44. | Carl Hovland, Arthur Lumsdain and Fred Sheffield | Sleeper effect | | 45. | Ignace Gelb | Grammatolozy | | 46. | Antonio Gramsci | Hegemony | | 47. | Dallas Smythe | Cultural Screen | | 48. | J.H Altschull | Media- the agents of power | | 49. | F. Lyotard | Postmodernism | | 50. | Thomas Kuhn | Concept of Paradigm | ### Important Media Laws/Act | No. | Laws/Act | Year | |---|---|---| | 1. | Censorship of Press Act | 1799 | | 2. | Licensing Regulations Act | 1823 | | 3. | Press Act or Metcalfe | 1835 | | 4. | Licensing Act | 1857 | | 5. | Societies Registration Act | 1860 | | 6. | Press and Registration of Books Act | 1867 | | 7. | Indian Telegraph Act | 1885 | | 8. | Official Secrets Act | 1923 | | 9. | Cinematography Act | 1952 | | 10. | Copyright Act | 1957 | | 11. | Contempt of Court Act | 1971 | | 12. | Prevention of Publication of the objectionable Matter Act | 1976 | | 13. | Parliamentary Proceedings (Protection of Publication) Act | 1977 | | 14. | Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition Act) | 1986 | | 15. | Prasar Bharti Act | 1990 | | 16. | The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act | 1995 | | 17. | Telecom Regulating Authority of India (TRAI) | 1997 | | 18. | Information and Technology Act | 2000 | | 19. | Right to Information Act | 2005 | ### Important Media Related Committees | No. | Committees | Year | |---|---|---| | 1. | Hutchins Commission | 1947 | | 2. | SK Patil Committee | 1951 | | 3. | Film Enquiry Committee | 1951 | | 4. | Chanda Committee | December 1964 | | 5. | Vidyalankar Committee | 1964 | | 6. | Khosla Committee | 1969 | | 7. | Kuldip Nayar Committee | March 1977 | | 8. | Verghese Committee | August 1977 | | 9. | MacBride Commission | 1977 | | 10. | PC Joshi Committee | 1982 | | 11. | Sarkariya Commission | 1983 | | 12. | Vardana Committee | 1991 | | 13. | Sengupta Committee | 1995 | | 14. | Paswan Committee | 1996 | | 15. | Sharad Pawar Committee | 1997 | ### Important Theories & Modals | No. | Theories | Given by | |---|---|---| | 1. | Magic Bullet Theory | Lazarsfeld (1938) | | 2. | Lasswell Model | Lasswell (1948) | | 3. | Shannon and Weaver Model | Shannon and Weaver (1949) | | 4. | Modernisation Theory | Daniel Learner (1950) | | 5. | ABX Model | Theodore M Newcomb (1953) | | 6. | Two-Step Theory | Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld (1955) | | 7. | Congruity Theory | Charles Osgood (1955) | | 8. | Gerbner Model of Communication | George Gerbner (1956) | | 9. | Cultivation Theory | George Gerbner (1960) | | 10. | SMCR Model | David Berlo (1960) | | 11. | Diffusion of Innovation | Evert M Rogers (1962) | | 12. | Agenda Setting Theory | McComb and Shah (1968) | | 13. | Uses and Gratification Theory | Katz (1974) | | 14. | Dependency Theory | Ball Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur (1976) | | 15. | Convergence Model | Kincaid (1981) | | 16. | Cognitive Dissonance Theory | Leon Festinger | | 17. | Information Theory | Claude E Shannon | | 18. | Balance Theory | Fritz Heider | | 19. | Hub Model of Communication | Hiebert Urgurait and Bohn | | 20. | Bootstrap Model | Capra | | 21. | Play Theory | William Stephenson | | 22. | Stagmallite Model | Wilbur Schramm | | 23. | Magic Multiply Model | Wilbur Schramm | | 24. | Pleasure Theory | Emile Durkhim | | 25. | Multiplicity Model | Jan Servaes | | 26. | Gate Keeping Model | Kurt Lewin | | 27. | Meta- Theory of Communication | Majid Tehranian | | 28. | Spiral of Silence Theory | Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann | | 29. | Circular Model | Wilbur Schramm | | 30. | Helical Model | Frank Dance (1967) | | 31. | Ritual Model/ Sociological view of communication | Riley and Riley | | 32. | Ritual View of Communication | James W. Carey | | 33. | Osgood-Schramm model (1954) | Charles Osgood and Wilbur Schramm | ### International News Network- Headquarters | No. | News Networks | Headquarters | |---|---|---| | 1. | BBC | London (UK) | | 2. | CGTN (China Global Television Network) | China | | 3. | IRIB (The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) | Iran | | 4. | Deutsche Welle (DW) | Germany | | 5. | France 24 | Paris, France | | 6. | Fox News | USA | | 7. | CNN (1980) | Atlanta, America | | 8. | RT | Russia | | 9. | i24 NEWS | Israel | | 10. | TRT (1964) | Turkey | | 11. | PTV (1964) | Pakistan | | 12. | Sky News | UK | | 13. | MSNBC | USA | | 14. | Al Jazeera | Doha, Qatar | | 15. | Africa news | Republic of the congo | | 16. | Telesur | Venezuela | | 17. | Euro news (1933) | Lyon, France | | 18. | Al Arabiya | UAE | | 19. | STAR | Hongkong | | 20. | ZEE | India | ### International Organizations & Its Headquarter |